Sustainable innovative development of the neo-industrial economy affects the level of well-being of the society. This makes it possible to balance the accumulation of assets, support the education and healthcare systems, and pursue an effective environmental policy. The Fourth Industrial Revolution can significantly change the structure of the economy, increasing the role of service industries, information, data processing and transmission, which are equated with strategic resources. End-to-end technologies have begun to have a significant impact on the development of industrial technologies, increasing the efficiency of production processes and coordinating the activities of space-separated companies through global networks. In the production sector, there is a constant increase in labor productivity. Non-industrial technologies are becoming the dominant factor in the sustainable innovative development of the economy in accordance with the previously existing market principles and rules. The complexity of the sustainable development of the neo-industrial economy in terms of digital transformation presupposes the active use of institutional mechanisms.