Sustainable Development Programs Research Articles

Practices of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies on Integration of Community Empowerment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Development of Holistic and Sustainable CSR Framework

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a way to inspire business firms to perform in a manner appropriate to the desires of their stakeholders, thus, producing them to act dependably for the benefit of the business and society or community through creating a sustainable development program that could, in turn, gain credibility, positive image and reputation. This study highlights pharmaceutical companies’ practices in terms of CSR integration covering the four levels of CSR - philanthropic, ethical, legal, and economic. It will also discuss how do pharmaceutical companies integrate community empowerment in their CSR activities and up to what extent is the level of integration of community empowerment in terms of levels of society – micro, meso and macro. This research study will use the mixed method which are: qualitative and quantitative methods. The following are criteria in the selection of participants for interview. For qualitative approach, there will be twenty participants from five pharmaceutical companies. For quantitative approach (using survey questionnaire), there will be 360 respondents coming from 30 pharmaceutical companies. The extent of integration of community empowerment in CSR is highly linked to the extent of contribution to holistic and sustainable development.

Harmony Of Individualism And Collectivism In Pancasila Democracy

Indonesia, as a country with the Pancasila philosophy, has values that include individualism and collectivism. However, in practice, there is sometimes a misalignment between the concepts of individualism and collectivism in the implementation of Pancasila democracy. This study aims to identify and analyze the alignment between the concepts of individualism and collectivism in the context of Pancasila democracy. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that Pancasila democracy is an ideal government system to balance individualism and collectivism. Individualism and collectivism can be harmonized in Pancasila democracy by implementing several strategies, including strengthening character education to instill Pancasila values, increasing community participation in the democratic process, and empowering communities through sustainable development programs.

Effectiveness of Hapa as Small Rainwater Harvesting Ponds for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Diversified Arid Regions: Comparative Case Studies From Bankura in India

Water is a unique constituent, which is essential for the survival of humans, animals and plants. Agriculture needs water in large quantities. Supplying irrigation water is a crucial factor in preserving groundwater, determining the water balance and subsequent cropping pattern of any region. The challenge is even greater when it is dryland. The present study is confined to the Bankura district, the arid region of West Bengal in India. Here, for irrigation, small customised ponds, known as hapa, are dug up by individual farmers to store the rainwater. The government encourages farmers by providing funds for hapa creation. In the last 10 years, about 2900 hapas, which can harvest a large quantity of water, have been dug up in croplands. This harvested water indirectly helps in recharging groundwater too. The present study aims to highlight the need for hapas in such arid regions. This study demonstrates a positive link between hapa creation with changing land use land cover patterns, increasing agricultural areas, growing population, and declining rainfall patterns. In support of this, spatial and statistical analyses were performed according to certain key remote sensing indices VCI, NDWI, and Z Scores of the pre-hapa and post-hapa creation periods. The study found that the implementation of the hapa irrigation technique has significantly increased the yield of crops besides generating agricultural labour. Land owners started cultivating multiple crops on their lands which helped to increase annual income. The complete research shows the noteworthiness of hapa irrigation technique as an alternative to a sustainable development programme in arid areas.

Financial resources applied to artisanal fishing and aquaculture programs between 2013 and 2022 in the state of Pará: lost decade?

This article analyzed the physical and financial goals (forecasted and accomplished) of the Programs aimed at Fishing and Aquaculture of 03 Multi-Year Plans (PPAs) of the state of Pará in 12 Integration Regions (I.R.) between 2013 and 2022, taking only the actual values used by the Programs in these Axes are taken into account, and not the values paid by them. Of the 03 Programs found - Sustainable Development Program for Fisheries and Aquaculture (DESUPA – 2012 to 2015); Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Program (AGROPECP - 2016 to 2019) and Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Program (AGRIPECPA - 2020 to 2023), DESUPA was the only specific program for fishing and aquaculture activities, allocating 100% resources to the respective activities and presenting a higher number of actions However, AGRIPECPA carried out the lowest number of actions and the largest investment in Fisheries and Aquaculture. I.R. Guajará presented the largest investment between 2012 and 2022, and Lago de Tucuruí, the smallest. To date, there is no planning for Artisanal Fishing and Aquaculture – despite being socially and economically relevant –consistent with the importance of both generating employment and income and combating hunger in the state of Pará as they received smaller investments from all Programs from 2013 to 2022 than other rural activities, demonstrating that both are not yet considered priority activities for state sustainable development.

Kajian Potensi Wisata di Wilayah Pesisir Bulak Surabaya

Surabaya is a coastal city with high economic and tourism potential. Three main things that have been done by the city government (physical development, sustainable development programs, and economic strengthening) need to be noted, for example, the non-optimal management of the tourism potential of the coastal area and the imbalance between the tourist area and the surrounding fishing villages. On that basis, this research tries to answer various issues related to the optimization of tourism development in the coastal area of Bulak, Surabaya. This research is initial research that maps the various potentials (owned by the Bulak coastal area of Surabaya), which is then followed up by offering development strategies. This research used a descriptive model qualitative approach. The initial study was conducted by analyzing various planning documents, which were then followed up with field observations and interviews with key people. In the final stage, the researcher then analyzed the development strategy. The results of this study state that Bulak sub-district has nine tourism objects that have the potential to be developed in the coastal area. The proposed development strategy (based on the results of data processing) is an aggressive maintenance strategy. This is done by strengthening inward by making improvements in various fields. In addition, the development strategy also needs to be collaborative, especially with the city government, while still paying attention to various ecological issues Keywords: Tourism Potential Assessment, Aggressive Maintenance Strategy, Surabaya Coastal Area

Influence of globalization factors on human development

The article aims to study the impact of globalization on the leading indicators of human development. The essence of «globalization» is clarified, and its content is defined. Sustainable development is crucial for overcoming the consequences of the war and rebuilding Ukraine's regions. It offers a comprehensive approach considering infrastructure, economy, society, and the environment. From an economic point of view, it includes not only economic recovery but also the wise use of resources, ensuring stability and creating new opportunities. To support the population affected by the war, it is essential to consider the social elements of sustainable development. From an environmental perspective, preserving the region's natural resources and ecosystems is necessary. In addition, support and international cooperation are vital to achieving sustainable development in Ukraine. The influence of globalization factors on human development is studied. Various aspects of globalization, such as trade, investment, migration, and technological progress, and their impact on human development indicators, such as income per capita, life expectancy, education level, and access to health care, are analyzed. These elements have been proven to highlight how important it is to adhere to the principles of sustainable development when rebuilding war-affected areas. In the process of Ukraine's recovery, implementing the principles of sustainable development will create a sustainable basis for economic growth and development, improve the population's quality of life, and reduce the risks of recovery. The study is based on data from various sources, including the World Bank, the United Nations, and the International Monetary Fund. It is proved that the successful implementation of the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine requires support and cooperation with other countries. Particular attention should be paid to sustainable development programs directly funded and supported by international organizations and partners, which is an essential element of support for the recovery of war-affected regions of Ukraine and emphasizes the importance of researching the impact of globalization on human development indicators. Keywords: globalization, human development, migration, life expectancy, level of education, health care.

NIR heterojunction based on porous silicon and CuO:Cu2O nanoparticle for photovoltaic devices

Solar cells are considered one of the most important sources of renewable energy and have high economic quality within sustainable development programs. Nanoparticles have higher photoresponsivity than microscopic counterparts due to their increased surface area per unit volume, which considerably lowers charge carrier recombination and scattering. CuO and Cu2O are common transition metal oxides with optical band gaps appropriate for near-infrared detection. They also form a type II heterojunction, which allows for efficient charge separation. In addition to constructing this photodetector, we synthesize CuO:Cu2O composite nanoparticles by laser ablation, fabricate photodetector devices and photoelectric cells and deposit them on porous silicon by drop-casting method to examine photoresponse and specific detectivity. as a solar cell.

Effectiveness assessment of a productive inclusion policy: an analysis of the ReDes Program for Sustainable Development

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma avaliação da efetividade do Programa Redes para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Programa ReDes), o qual surgiu de um Plano de Atuação Conjunta entre o BNDES e o Instituto Votorantim com o objetivo de apoiar projetos de estruturação de atividades produtivas e qualificação profissional visando à inclusão produtiva de populações de baixa renda. A base de dados utilizada para a avaliação provém do Cadastro Único (CadÚnico), obtido junto ao Ministério da Cidadania. Foi utilizado o método do pareamento por escore de propensão e a estimação de regressões em painel e em primeiras diferenças. Para os indicadores relacionados ao mercado de trabalho, observaram-se resultados robustos e expressivos, tais como o crescimento da renda bruta e da renda do trabalho. Além disso, houve crescimento da probabilidade de participação na população economicamente ativa, assim como do acesso ao trabalho. Com base nos cálculos realizados, pôde-se estimar que o Programa ReDes é custo-efetivo em relação à geração de renda para o beneficiário, ainda que o seu custo-efetividade seja dependente da hipótese de que os projetos sejam capazes de sobreviver ao longo do tempo.

欧盟科学数据发展政策与规划

The continual advancement of global scientific and technological innovation capabilities has spurred a rapid growth of scientific data. As a global benchmark for scientific data management and sharing, the European Union (EU) constantly place a high priority on the management and development of scientific data, and has formed a comprehensive array of policies and plans to advance scientific data development. Through network investigation and literature analysis, this paper focuses on consolidating and summarizing the EUs scientific data support and regulatory bodies, management policies, development plans, and evaluates the effectiveness and challenges in data application practices. Moreover, it also outlines the issues confronting the development of scientific data in China and puts forward insightful recommendations. The analysis shows that the EU’s efforts to promote open science and open scientific data, the scientific data development policy system and sustainable development program are crucial to the open sharing, effective scientific management, maximizing benefits and sustainable development of scientific data in the EU, making the EU stand at the forefront of open scientific data and open science in the world. Furthermore, the ongoing integration of science data centers into the science and innovation infrastructure system of the EU. These practices of the EU can serve as valuable references for China in the development of scientific data, the construction of scientific data centers, the formulation of scientific data policies and development plans, and the play of scientific benefits.

Exploring Teachers' Perceptions and Practices in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Public Schools of Karachi

The research focuses on the key role of teachers in incorporating SDGs into the curriculum and teaching students to deal with global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and sustainable living. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from a sample of 100 teachers using a survey method. This research focused on the integration of ESD, the challenges faced by the teachers, and the effect of professional development programs (PDPs) to make the teachers capable of working towards sustainability. The data analysis was done by performing one-sample T-tests to find out the teachers' beliefs and attitudes towards the integration of ESD and Chi-square tests to explore the relationship of the perceived barriers or facilitators and the ESD integration. Correlation analysis showed strong associations between age and ESD understanding being among the key findings. The results showed that teachers have a good grasp of the core ESD concepts and, moreover, they expressed the assurance in the integration of sustainability principles into their teachings. The study demonstrates the key role that teachers play in dynamic the growth of a sustainable development and emphasizes the point that teachers should be given access to the necessary knowledge, skills, and resources so as to create a more sustainable future for the learners and community. Recommendations include ESD to be integrated into the curriculum, professional development programs for teachers, funding provision to facilitate ESD initiatives, encouraging the community to be involved in the process, and advocating for supportive policies from the government. Future research might focus on the long term impact of ESD integration on student achievements, and develop innovative strategies for overcoming the obstacles to the successful implementation of sustainable development programs in public schools.

Issues of productive employment of rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The goal is an integrated approach characterizing the state of labor resources in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan; identifying the main problems and ways to solve them to increase employment and well-being of rural residents. Methods – monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical, qualitative and quantitative methods of scientific research. Results – based on application of economic-statistical method, it is noted that provision of personnel to agricultural sector of the republic’s economy is unsatisfactory in terms of both quantitative and qualitative indicators. Foreign experience in supporting labor activity in agriculture has been studied. The issues of implementing state programs for sustainable development of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The dynamics of changes in labor force nationwide by gender and age for the period from 2019 to 2023 are presented. The level of wages in agro-industrial production is shown in comparison with other sectors of economy. The authors provide data on shortage of labor reserves at the average and managerial level of agricultural enterprises. Trends in the number of employed people and reasons for the outflow of young personnel from rural areas have been identified. Proposals have been developed to increase the number of people employed in agricultural sector of the republic. Conclusions - scientific results obtained during the study can be used to develop and implement various government programs aimed to increase employment, level and quality of life of rural residents of Kazakhstan. The efficient use of human capital contributes to the growth of labor productivity in rural areas. The expansion of rural employment in modern conditions is associated with development of the real sector of economy and small businesses, industry diversification, use of various types of agribusiness, primarily processing, tourism, service sector, and alternative activities of economic entities.

Seroprevalence of Bas-Congo virus in Mangala, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a population-based cross-sectional study

Bas-Congo virus (BASV), an emerging tibrovirus, was associated with an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic fever in Mangala, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in 2009. In 2012, neutralising antibodies to BASV were detected in the lone survivor and one of his close contacts. However, subsequent serological and molecular surveys were unsuccessful as neither BASV antibodies nor its RNA were detected. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence of BASV infection in Mangala 13 years after the initial outbreak. We conducted a population-based serological survey from Jan 17 to Jan 23, 2022. Consenting individuals at least 5 years of age, living in Mangala for at least 4 weeks, and who had no contraindication to venepuncture were enrolled. Participants were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We supplemented the collected serum samples with 284 archived samples from Matadi and Kinshasa. All samples were tested for antibodies to BASV and other tibroviruses using a pseudovirus-based neutralisation test. Among the 267 individuals from Mangala, the prevalence of BASV antibodies was 55% (95% CI 49-61; n=147). BASV seropositivity odds significantly increased with age (5·2 [95% CI 2·1-12·9] to 83·9 [20·8-337·7] times higher in participants aged 20 years or older than participants aged 5-19 years). Some occupational categories (eg,farmer or public servant) were associated with seropositivity. Only nine (6%) of 160 samples from Matadi and one (<1%) of 124 samples from Kinshasa had neutralising antibodies to BASV. Moreover, we also detected neutralising antibodies to other tibroviruses-Ekpoma virus 1, Ekpoma virus 2, and Mundri virus-in 84 (31%), 251 (94%), and 219 (82%) of 267 Mangala samples; 14 (9%), 62 (39%), and 120 (75%) of 160 Matadi samples; and six (5%), five (4%), and 33 (27%) of 124 Kinshasa samples, respectively. Human infection with BASV and other tibroviruses seems common in Mangala, although no deadly outbreak has been reported since 2009. Exposure to BASV might be highly restricted to Mangala and the increasing prevalence of neutralising antibodies with age suggests regular contact with the virus in this city. Altogether, our findings suggest that human infection with tibroviruses could be common in the study areas and not associated with deadly haemorrhagic or debilitating syndromes. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) under the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) and Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure from AMED.

Cocoa agroforestry in Brazil through a public-private partnership

Historically, Brazil was a significant cocoa producer, primarily in the Amazon region, but since the 1970s, cocoa production became increasingly replaced by extensive livestock farming. What production remained, was halted by a fungal epidemic, resulting in Brazil becoming a net importer of cocoa beans. Thanks to recent sustainable development programmes and the emergence of the bioeconomy, Brazil has since experienced renewed interest in cocoa cultivation, especially in cocoa agroforestry. Initiatives such as Mondelez's Sustainable Cocoa Production project aim to promote sustainable cocoa production, with a focus on environmental regulations and good agricultural practices. The project focuses on two regions, Bahia and Pará. In Bahia, efforts are directed towards rejuvenating cocoa crops in cabruca systems, a traditional agroforestry system where cocoa is cultivated beneath native tree canopies. Small-scale farmers received training and experimental plots demonstrated that proper management practices could control fungal disease and increase cocoa production significantly, generating increased income. In Pará, cocoa agroforestry systems are promoted as an alternative to cattle ranching, which destroyed forests to create, now degraded, pasturelands. While restoration efforts are challenging, agroforestry systems showed promising financial returns compared to cattle ranching. Local farmer organisations also benefitted from workshops and ongoing mentoring regarding their management and business capacities. A failure of the project was that in some instances, agroforestry systems were promoted more as a way to produce cocoa than as an opportunity to diversify, which must be the priority. New due diligence initiatives in Europe have also highlighted the importance of traceability and sustainability in cocoa production, posing new challenges for Brazil’s small-scale farmers. The cocoa agroforestry systems in Bahia and Pará have, nonetheless, shown potential for sustainable local development in Brazil. To ensure their success and sustainability in the long term, there must be continued support systems for farmers and value must be ascribed to the immense product diversity of cocoa agroforestry.

Vietnamese cassava varieties progression across 50 years

Vietnamese cassava varieties constitute the fundamental and pivotal element in the sustainable development programme for cassava. This article aims to encapsulate the advancements made over nearly five decades in breeding and enhancing Vietnamese cassava varieties. It delineates the suitable cassava variety structures for each period and ecological region. The selection of cassava varieties exhibiting high starch yield and disease resistance, coupled with the establishment of a suitable and efficient cassava cultivation model, exemplified by 10T for Vietnamese cassava varieties KM568, KM539, KM537, KM569, and KM94, stands as a cornerstone for sustaining cassava development over the years. Presently, we advocate for farmers to cultivate promising cassava varieties such as KM568 or KM539 (an enhanced version of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) cassava variety C39, refined through multiple breeding cycles from 2004 onwards), KM537, KM569, or HN1 (originally known as TMEB419), alongside popular cassava varieties: KM440, KM419, KM94, KM7, STB1, KM414, KM98-7, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1. We have conducted Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) and Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) tests, showcasing outstanding cassava varieties in large-scale farming, thereby providing compelling evidence for the prudent conservation and sustainable development of cassava. Vietnamese cassava progression (1975 to date) has traversed six stages, with five waves of restructuring cassava varieties, aligning with target orientations, farming conditions, and market demands, culminating in 16 popular cassava varieties and four promising cassava varieties KM568, KM539, KM537, and KM569.

Community Extension Programs Valuation as Basis in Proposing Higher Education Institutions as the Donation Program Facility Operating Partners

Establishing the centralized donation program facilities proposes the cooperation of selected higher education institutions per city or municipality where the facility will be located. The Commission on Higher Education’s directive to conduct community extension programs as part of the four-fold functions is an important role of a higher education institution to include communities to serve and help alleviate the standard of living. Community extension service is about relationships and community building through different related programs where activities are aimed at empowering people through long-term programming. The community extension programs of an HEI allow educational programs to reach and “touch the lives” of communities and the environment by providing services that transmit knowledge and technologies to have an impact on holistic and sustainable development programs and people empowerment. This study was conducted to provide a basis to justify the partnership between the educational institution, local government unit, and the proposed donation facility. The study used the Logic Model which is a visual representation of the relationship between a program’s resources, actions, and expected outcomes in assessing the community extension programs of selected higher education institutions. Logic models demonstrate how interventions affect behavior and achieve a goal straightforwardly and succinctly. The Logic Model was a road map outlining causal pathways and the step-by-step relationship between planned activity and desired outcomes. A logic model, in particular, is a visual representation of the resources or inputs required to perform a program, the activities and outputs of a program, and the expected program outcomes. Using the model, the researcher began with the inputs and actions and worked forward. Before starting the process, a clear and complete understanding of the specific research objective was addressed including the analysis of the existing data and pertinent research, as well as performing a formal or informal assessment of available capacity, inputs, and needs was conducted. This used indicators such as the resources required to carry out the activities (inputs), what to do with the resources (activities), tangible items and capabilities (outputs), changes in other individuals or conditions as a result of the activities and outputs (outcomes), distant results (effects) and contextual elements that are outside the program’s control but may aid or impede the achievement of the outcomes. Keywords: Logic model, community extension programs, higher education institution extension progra

Climate change and rural livelihoods: The potential of extension programs for sustainable development

AbstractAgricultural extension programs promote regenerative land management practices by increasing farmers' awareness of land use, climate risks, and adoption of adaptation practices for sustainable livelihoods. This study focuses on the perceptions of communities that participate in extension programs and those that do not, regarding climate change risks and livelihood sustainability in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The findings indicate that communities participating in extension programs reported poor community land use practices as a cause of negative climate impacts. Farmers identified livestock deaths due to drought and frequent flooding as the main climate risks in their communities. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of extension programs in mitigating and adapting to environmental risks by increasing awareness, promoting a comprehensive understanding of climate risks and adaptation, and planning for land use management. Additionally, our findings underscore the significance of extension initiatives in enhancing livelihoods, such as agriculture, livestock, and forest‐based livelihoods, in the face of climate change challenges. We recommend increasing access to extension programs, strengthening the role of extension initiatives in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and promoting community participation in decision‐making to support sustainable livelihoods.

Maximizing Teacher Competence and Performance: The Influential Factors Across Individuals, Organizations, Leadership, and Environment – A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Model

This research is constructed in a systematic literature review that identifies and maps the factors influencing teacher competence and performance. The competence and performance of teachers relate to the success of the teaching strategy applied to develop the knowledge and personality of students. Therefore, educational institutions or interested parties must determine the factors influencing teacher competence and performance for evaluation material in establishing sustainable development, education, and teacher training programs. This research aims to (1) identify individual factors that affect teacher competence, (2) identify organizational factors that affect teacher competence, (3) identify leadership factors that affect teacher competence, (4) identify environmental factors that affect teacher competence, (5) identify individual factors that affect teacher performance, (6) identify organizational factors that affect teacher performance, (7) identify factors leadership that affects teacher performance, and (8) identify environmental factors that affect teacher performance. The sample in this study included 45 identified articles from 463 articles taken by purposive sampling through journal indexing portals in the form of Google Scholar, IEEE, and Scopus. Data collection techniques used PICOS and a Systematic Review Diagram based on PRISMA with data analysis in the form of mapping using the Systematic Review model. The results show a significant influence of individual, organizational, leadership, and environmental factors on teacher competency and performance. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts for educational institutions to maximize teacher competence and performance after knowing the dominant driving factors that arise so that educational institutions can provide competency and performance improvement facilities for teachers.

The relationship between student participation and students’ self-perceived action competence for sustainability in a whole school approach

This study examines the relation between student experiences of participation in a whole school approach (WSA) and students’ self-perceived action competence. We surveyed 902 students in three Norwegian upper-secondary schools participating in an education for sustainable development (ESD) programme. The questionnaire measured students’ experiences in decision-making and influencing within a WSA, containing the components: (1) school and leadership, (2) teaching and learning, (3) community connections and (4) student council. We measured students’ self-perceived action competence through: (1) knowledge of action possibilities, (2) confidence in one’s own influence and (3) willingness to act. A structural equation model indicates a positive relation between student participation in ESD teaching and learning and students’ knowledge of action possibilities and confidence in their own influence. Participation through the student council positively related to all action competence components. We found no significant relation between participation in school and leadership or community connections on any action competence factors. It is important to note that this cross-sectional study with a limited number of schools does not establish causality, necessitating further research. Nevertheless, the results suggest that promoting student participation in teaching and learning and facilitating a well-functioning student council can promote students’ development of action competence for sustainability.

DISHARMONY AND STRUGGLE: MANAGEMENT AND MOBILIZATION OF DIGITAL-BASED ECONOMIC RESOURCES IN TOURIST VILLAGE

The development of digital platforms has not fully reached tourist villages optimally, apart from the fact that their management still contains conflicts of interest between stakeholders. This research examines the role of community empowerment, implementation of sustainable village development programs, and implementation of digital platforms on the management and mobilization of economic resources. The research type is quantitative and the population consists of 8.402 people in Sudaji tourist village, Buleleng-Bali. A total of 110 people were used as samples (village heads, pokdarwis, traditional kelian, and the community) with a random sampling technique using the Slovin formula. Data collection uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The results show that the community empowerment variable does not affect the mobilization of economic resources. In contrast, the sustainable development variable shows different results where it significantly positively impacts the mobilization of economic resources. Finally, the digital platform implementation variable does not affect the mobilization of economic resources. This research focuses on the interests of the community as stakeholders so that they can access economic resources optimally and have an impact so that they can empower them with their capacity to increase economic independence while meeting their basic needs so that they become resource literate with the digital world and sustainable villages can be realized.

Пути повышения эффективности систем управления охраной труда

The high level of occupational injuries has been registered globally. Daily, 5,000 deaths are caused by industrial accidents and occupational illnesses. It is an issue that requires an urgent solution. The International Organization of Standardization has developed the ISO 45001:2018 Standard; implementing its recommendations in the working practices of an enterprise should increase the efficiency of activities aiming to ensure occupational safety. The basic recommendation of the standard is the development of an occupational safety management system at the enterprise. It is a documented system; within its setup, it is required to develop a significant volume of documentation and determine information links between the departments. The enterprise, however, must not focus only on documentation. The main functioning efficiency factor of the occupational safety management system is training for staff. Conditions to boost staff activities and their involvement in the development of favorable working conditions, detection and elimination of hazards at the workplace must be provided. An essential factor of the successful functioning of the occupational safety management system is the conducting of recurrent audits (1–2 times a year) at each department of the enterprise. Nevertheless, hazards and incidents at the workplace can emerge daily; therefore, the staff should act as auditors as the efficiency of detection of emerging hazards and risks and their timely elimination will depend on the staff’s qualification, attention, and active approach. In order to boost staff involvement, constant improvement of competencies and the use of an incentive system developed considering the efficiency of proposals on occupational safety improvements can be recommended. The involvement of staff in occupational safety activities, their understanding of the importance of such activities aiming at the safety of life and health, and the support of initiatives of the staff are possible on the condition of interest of the enterprise's top management in the efficient measures to ensure occupational safety. Involvement of all employees of the enterprise in solving occupational safety problems will enable significant improvement of working conditions, reduce the level of occupational injuries, and resolve social issues within the framework of achievement the goals of the sustainable development program.