Sustainable Development Of Urban Transport Research Articles

Passenger Flow Prediction Based on Land Use around Metro Stations: A Case Study

High-density land uses cause high-intensity traffic demand. Metro as an urban mass transit mode is considered as a sustainable strategy to balance the urban high-density land uses development and the high-intensity traffic demand. However, the capacity of the metro cannot always meet the traffic demand during rush hours. It calls for traffic agents to reinforce the operation and management standard to improve the service level. Passenger flow prediction is the foremost and pivotal technology in improving the management standard and service level of metro. It is an important technological means in ensuring sustainable and steady development of urban transportation. This paper uses mathematical and neural network modeling methods to predict metro passenger flow based on the land uses around the metro stations, along with considering the spatial correlation of metro stations within the metro line and the temporal correlation of time series in passenger flow prediction. It aims to provide a feasible solution to predict the passenger flow based on land uses around the metro stations and then potentially improving the understanding of the land uses around the metro station impact on the metro passenger flow, and exploring the potential association between the land uses and the metro passenger flow. Based on the data source from metro line 2 in Qingdao, China, the perdition results show the proposed methods have a good accuracy, with Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPEs) of 11.6%, 3.24%, and 3.86 corresponding to the metro line prediction model with Categorical Regression (CATREG), single metro station prediction model with Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and single metro station prediction model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), respectively.

Ensuring sustainable development of urban public transport: A case study of the trolleybus system in Gdynia and Sopot (Poland)

Electromobility is a vital tool in reducing the environmental impact of transportation. A technologically mature means of public transport is the trolleybus. Based on a case study of the Polish cities of Gdynia and Sopot, this paper explores the factors that influence the development of the trolleybus system. Recent developments of in-motion charging (IMC) technology are analysed what provides a new analytical framework for the trolleybus development, bringing the original path for the expansion of the electromobility in urban areas without overhead lines. The use of an economic model has made it possible to assess the total lifecycle costs of trolleybuses and to specify a threshold that makes it more cost-effective than diesel buses. Operational data allows for a simulation that reveals the minimal rate of catenary coverage of a route in terms of speed and two charging power values. Results indicate that after including external costs into the economic calculation, trolleybus transport is economically efficient, although the energy mix is an important factor. In-motion charging trolleybus can be seen as a compromise solution between capital costs and battery capacity and is recommended for cities already operating this system.

The path and time efficiency of residents' trips of different purposes with different travel modes: An empirical study in Guangzhou, China

Improving residents' travel efficiency and reducing carbon emissions from travel are the key issues for sustainable development of urban transportation. This study first employed a circuity index to measure the path efficiency of residents' trips based on 2015 survey data in Guangzhou and developed a generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the relationship between the path efficiency and travel distance for different purposes of trip and different travel modes. On this basis, it further evaluated the time efficiency of different travel modes for each trip. The results showed that there is a complex and nonlinear relationship between the path efficiency and travel distance, which differs between different purposes of trips and different travel modes. In general, trips by non-motorized transport have a lower circuity index and higher path efficiency than those by cars or public transport. Moreover, non-motorized transport is the time-efficiency optimal mode for almost half of the trips, especially for daily shopping trips. However, people prefer to choose public transport on their trips even though public transport is not the time-efficiency optimal mode for these trips. Generally, only about half of the residents chose the time-efficiency optimal mode for their trips. Those who did not choose the time-efficiency optimal mode tended to choose the modes with higher carbon-intensity. The conclusions of this study indicate that for improving travel efficiency and reducing carbon emissions from transport, more efforts should be focused on the non-motorized travel environment and developing relevant policies to encourage more walking and cycling.

Analysis of city transport network based on geoinformation systems in transport zones of industrial city

The analysis of transport accessibility is a standard task requiring the search for the optimal solution, the solution of which is necessary for the harmonious development of the urban environment in general, and the effective organization of the transportation process in particular. The article discusses the indicators necessary for determining transport accessibility based on analysis of the urban transport system and calculation methods using geographical information systems. The main parameter is time-based accessibility from the central part of the city to other transport zones. To determine the rank of the transport zone, the following statistical characteristics are required: road network density in urban areas; a number of jobs, a number of equipped parking spaces; the number of objects of gravity in transport zones. A decision support system based on geographic information systems can be carried out by two methods: the choice of a relatively ideal solution and simple additive weighing. Analysis of transport zones can improve the quality of statistical data on urban transport medium. The article presents the models, the use which is necessary for efficient operation of urban transport, as well as indicators necessary for the stable functioning of the infrastructure. It can be integrated into planning systems and sustainable development of urban transport and planning.

ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT PLANNING UNDER SUSTAINABLE CITY DEVELOPMENT

This research paper devoted to the urban freight transport planning under sustainable city development. Continued urban population growth, traffic congestions, financial losses because of longer delivery times, harm-ful impact on environmental are highlighted as strong arguments for the freight traffic management in the cities. The article aims to help all stakeholders understand the challenges brought about by freight activities in an urban context, and make the planning process consistent and comprehensive for the city freight transportation system improvement. The brief overview of some recent foreign and native studies in urban transport planning and traffic engi-neering reveals main field of interests for modern researchers. The clear focus of the analysed scientific works di-rected on such aspects in sustainable urban freight transport development as energy and economic efficiency, eco-friendliness, safety, institutional and legal issues of freight transportations. Special attention is paid to the analy-sis of government initiatives in sustainable transport system development of Ukraine. Identification of the main freight transportation features in an urban area is carried out on the initial re-search stage. Each feature has an explanation for better understanding necessity of their usage in the freight transport planning process. The other focus of the research devotes to the description of the stages during urban freight transport planning process. Author attends a deep freight transport demand and supply analysis for a de-termination of the basic freight distribution regularities in an urban context. Therefore, a list of indicators for subsystem of city freight transportation evaluation is presented in the article. The whole set of indicators is divid-ed into economical, operational, environmental, social and general groups of indicators. Moreover, the compo-nents of successful measures implementation for an urban freight transport subsystem improvement are highlight-ed. Financial management, political support, institution, organisation and legal framework condition are consid-ered as the key elements of successful plans and measures implementation. Keywords: planning, sustainable development, freight transport, urban population, authorities.

Understanding the Competitive Advantages of Car Sharing from the Travel-Cost Perspective.

The emergence and development of car sharing can not only satisfy people’s diverse travel demands, but also can bring a new solution to facilitate urban low-carbon and green development. With the increasing acceptance of car sharing, the market competition between car sharing and traditional taxis is becoming increasingly fierce. Therefore, we explore the advantages of car sharing to travelers compared with taxis. In this paper, we first use the GPS (Global Positioning System) trajectory data of car sharing orders to construct a comparative advantage model based on travel-cost. Then, we take Beijing as the research area to explore the travel-cost advantages of car sharing in terms of the time and space dimensions compared with taxis, through calculating the travel-cost of car sharing and using simulation to calculate that of taxis. The results of the comparison between car sharing and taxis from the perspective of travel-cost are as follows: (1) Compared with short trips, the travel-cost advantage of car sharing is relatively higher in medium and long trips; for travelers, the taxi has a higher travel-cost advantage when the travel time is either very long or very short. (2) On weekdays, it is more cost-effective to travel by shared cars for travelers before the rush hours in the evening, and the travel-cost advantage of using taxis is greater after the evening peak. (3) Compared with weekdays, it is more cost-effective to travel by shared cars on weekends wherever travelers are living in the main urban areas or in the remote suburbs. It is suggested that relevant departments should understand the travelers’ preference and analyze the influence mechanism of other various factors on the market demand for car sharing as per the focus on the market on the travel-cost advantages of car sharing, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of urban shared transportation.

System Dynamics Analysis of the Relationship between Transit Metropolis Construction and Sustainable Development of Urban Transportation—Case Study of Nanchang City, China

In order to systematically analyze the benefits of transit metropolis construction, the system dynamics (SD) theory was used to construct the transit metropolis SD simulation model from the four subsystems of economy, society, environment, and transportation supply and demand. The validity of the SD model was verified by the social and economic data of Nanchang City and the operational data of the bus company, and the quantitative simulation analysis was carried out by taking the construction of the transit metropolis in Nanchang as an example. The simulation results show that, in 2020, the number of motor vehicles in Nanchang will reach 1.13 million and the urban population will reach 5.71 million. It is necessary to build a transit metropolis for the sustainable development of urban transportation. In order to complete the transit metropolis creation goal of 60% of the public transit mobility sharing rate, the proportion of public transport investment in the total transportation investment needs to be adjusted from 0.25 to 0.35. As a result, Nanchang City will improve after the peak traffic congestion in 2022, indicating that the construction of the transit metropolis will have a positive effect on Nanchang. By developing new energy vehicles and low-emission vehicles, vehicle emissions will drop from 0.05 tons/year to 0.04 tons/year, and overall nitrogen oxide emissions will fall by 70%, which is significant for urban environments. The research results provide theoretical support for the significance of transit metropolis construction, and promote the sustainable development of urban transportation.

Parking behavior and the possible impacts on travel alternatives in motorcycle-dominated cities

The objectives of this study are to investigate parking behavior and possible impacts of parking management measure on travel alternatives, then giving the recommendation for transport authorities to achieve the sustainable development of urban transport. To achieve these objectives, the following tasks are addressed. The study firstly gives a basic understanding of factors influencing mode choice, parking location selection, and destination choice. It also highlights the significant role of parking pricing on transport demand management based on international experience. Secondly, parking behavior is investigated in terms of parking location preference, illegal parking phenomenon, and parking duration. Finally, multinomial logit models are developed to estimate the probabilities that transport users who currently drive their private vehicles might choose to use their current mode, change to use the bus, or change to walk for work trips under two scenarios of parking fee increase and bus accessibility improvement. The results of the study might be useful for developing effective parking policies in motorcycle-dominated cities.

Formation of the concept of development of public transport in a big city

Formation of the concept of development of public transport in a big city

Coordinated Control Strategy for Multi-Line Bus Bunching in Common Corridors

Improving the sharing rate of public transportation is an important content for the sustainable development of urban transportation. However, bus bunching, a common phenomenon during transit operation, makes negative effects on reliability and service level of the bus system. In most urban centers in China, many bus lines usually serve in a corridor. Different buses may interact with each other in the corridor, which may aggravate the bus bunching. However, previous studies on bus bunching focused on single bus service. In addition, with the popularization of bus data acquisition and the maturity of data processing methods, the accuracy of bus bunching research meets more opportunities. In this paper, we proposed a holding strategy based on two-bus cooperative control. A simulation was carried out after preliminarily processing and analyzing the bus operation data of Foshan, Guangdong City. In the simulation, we compared the performance of three different scenarios, which are before control strategy, under the strategy for a single bus line and under the coordinated strategy for multiple bus lines. We contrastively analyze the results of the two strategies from different aspects. The results show that in aspects, such as holding a frequency, holding time, the total running time and the influence on the other bus line, the cooperative holding strategy manifests better. It illustrates that it is meaningful to do such a research on the effect of corridor service on bus bunching and add this effect into traditional holding strategy to build a multi-bus cooperative control strategy. The results have important theoretical significance for enriching and completing existing theory and methods of transit system and practical value for improving the service level and attractiveness of buses, increasing the share rate of public transportation, and thus, promoting the sustainable development of cities.

The Tendency of Urban Stakeholders to Adopt Sustainable Logistics Measures on the Example of a Polish Metropolis

The scale of policies and measures for sustainable urban freight transport in European cities is still insignificant. However, the situation is changing as more and more cities are adopting sustainable urban logistics plans (SULPs). The situation in cities is extremely heterogeneous, so it would be difficult to point to one single policy that fits all. Yet the tool created with European projects constituting an instruction to prepare SULP allows us to follow the standardized steps, regardless of the conditions found in particular cities. The effectiveness of implementing sustainable measures to a large extent depends on the level of acceptability of individual urban space stakeholders. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among stakeholders of a Polish metropolis—the Gdansk–Gdynia–Sopot metropolitan area. The analysis showed that acceptability rises with the increase in the size of the surveyed entities. The most diversified acceptability ratings were obtained for the transport infrastructure solutions. Proposals for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) solutions are rated more positively by medium-sized and large enterprises. These solutions are assessed with greater caution by small and micro enterprises. The least diversified and clearly higher acceptance indicators were obtained for proposals in the scope of shaping sustainable urban transport development. The assessments obtained from the respondents should therefore constitute an important element of the works for developing the sustainable urban logistics plans starting in 2020 and also the opinions can be an important element of the future sustainable urban logistics plans, which are currently being developed in many European cities.

Understanding the imbalance of the taxi market: From the high-quality customer’s perspective

With the rapid development of the urban economy and transportation, the taxi market has presented a series of problems regarding unreasonable resource allocation, demand–supply imbalance, and driver income imbalance. Since the distribution of high-quality customers (hereafter HQC) affects drivers’ incomes and resource allocation in the taxi market, it is of great significance to study the HQC distribution to address these imbalance problems and understand the imbalance of the taxi market. In this paper, we calculate the profit margin of each order and construct a high-quality customer evaluation model from taxi GPS trajectory data. In analyzing the spatial–temporal distribution of HQC, our results indicate that HQC present a regional aggregation phenomenon in the spatial dimension, and HQC are mainly distributed in the main urban areas. The distribution of HQC is imbalanced in various administrative districts and functional zones. The daily change of orders in each administrative district is the same, but the temporal distribution of HQC is imbalanced. The temporal distribution of HQC in each functional zone is imbalanced, showing different daily change trend. According to these results, we suggest that the pricing of taxis and online ride-hailing services be coordinated based on the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of HQC and that resources be rationally allocated to promote the sustainable and healthy development of urban transportation.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Real-Time Ridesharing Vehicle Crash Severity

The popular real-time ridesharing service has promoted social and environmental sustainability in various ways. Meanwhile, it also brings some traffic safety concerns. This paper aims to analyze factors affecting real-time ridesharing vehicle crash severity based on the classification and regression tree (CART) model. The Chicago police-reported crash data from January to December 2018 is collected. Crash severity in the original dataset is highly imbalanced: only 60 out of 2624 crashes are severe injury crashes. To fix the data imbalance problem, a hybrid data preprocessing approach which combines the over- and under-sampling is applied. Model results indicate that, by resampling the crash data, the successfully predicted severe crashes are increased from 0 to 40. Besides, the G-mean is increased from 0% to 73%, and the AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve) is increased from 0.73 to 0.82. The classification tree reveals that following variables are the primary indicators of real-time ridesharing vehicle crash severity: pedestrian/pedalcyclist involvement, number of passengers, weather condition, trafficway type, vehicle manufacture year, traffic control device, driver gender, lighting condition, vehicle type, driver age and crash time. The current study could provide some valuable insights for the sustainable development of real-time ridesharing services and urban transportation.

The spatial coupling effect between urban public transport and commercial complexes: A network centrality perspective

The sustainable development of urban public transport (UPTN) and commercial complexes is an important consideration of city planners. This study examined the coordinated coupling development between the UPTN and urban commercial complexes using the network centrality as a bridge variable. After constructing the model of UPTN, we used multiple centrality assessment and urban network analysis models to measure the UPTN’s centrality. Thereafter, we gathered the latitude and longitude coordinates of commercial complexes and depicted their spatial distribution. Then, we studied the spatial distribution pattern and coupling effect of the UPTN’s centrality and the commercial complexes using Kernel Density Estimation and spatial autocorrelation. Finally, a case study based on Xi'an City, China was conducted. The results show that the UPTN possesses multi-center characteristics of closeness, betweenness and straightness; the distribution of urban commercial complexes is mainly concentrated in the existing commercial circles of the city; there is a positive linear correlation between the UPTN’s centrality and the distribution of commercial complexes. This study provides a basis for optimizing decision-making related to the sustainable planning and site-selection of urban public transport and commercial complexes.

Sustainable Urban Transport Development by Applying a Fuzzy-AHP Model: A Case Study from Mersin, Turkey

Sustainable development decisions generally require citizen participation in the decision process to avoid public resistance and objections in the long term. Because of the involvement of non-experts, the uncertainty of the decision is increased, and this must be considered in the decision-making process. This paper aims to introduce a sustainable urban transport development problem in which citizens are involved to allow them to express their preferences for improving certain elements of the public bus system. To mitigate the uncertainty of the non-expert evaluations, a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model has been created and applied. Since the objective of the research is to provide a suitable framework for transport development tenders, only the criteria weights have to be determined; thus, an alternative level has not been applied. The model has been tested on the urban bus transport system of a large Turkish city: Mersin. Based on the application, citizen preference weights could be associated with certain elements of the supply quality; thus, government development source allocation decisions could be supported. The fuzzy-AHP model ensures that the final development implications will meet public demand for bus system improvement in the city.

Architecture Design of China National Urban Transit Database

Transport policy making process of national and local governments should be supported by a comprehensive database to ensure sustainable and healthy development of urban public transport. China National Urban Transit Database (CNUTD) has been built to play such a role. This paper is to make an introduction of CNUTD framework including different user’s demands, sustainable data exchange mechanism from different level and application modules. Considering the urban transport development features of Chinese cities, sustainable urban transport development indicators are proposed to evaluate public transport service level in Chinese cities. The application of CNUTD in monitoring sustainable transport development in China is introduced in this paper as well.

The evaluation methodology on carbon emissions of passenger cars based on travel characteristics

In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy, China’s urbanization and urban transport are undergoing a rapid development, resulting in a large amount of travels. But at the same time, due to “blowout” growth of passenger cars, a series of serious social problems occurred, such as traffic congestion and fast increase in Carbon Dioxide emissions, which posed a great challenge to the sustainable development of urban transport in China. Studies on the evaluation methodology of Carbon Dioxide emissions based on travel characteristics are to be conducted to effectively improve the evaluation accuracy of emission quantification of passenger cars, and find out the place and source of Carbon Dioxide emissions, so as to further promote accurate emission reduction. This paper first analyzes the main characteristics of Carbon Dioxide emissions of passenger cars in China, optimizes the evaluation methodology of Carbon Dioxide emissions of passenger cars from the perspectives of scoping, road grading and classification evaluation, and conducts a test on Carbon Dioxide emission factors in some cities. The paper also takes Harbin city as an example to evaluate its Carbon Dioxide emissions of passenger cars from 2014 to 2016, so as to testify the feasibility of the methodology.

Concept of a Simulation Model for Assessing the Sustainable Development of Urban Transport

Abstract The article presents a concept of a simulation model for evaluation and assessment of the sustainable development of urban transport in the social, economic and environmental dimensions. Urban transport is here understood as combination of urban freight transport, passenger transport and individual transport. The concept is illustrated by a set of environmental indicators for sustainable development of urban transport. A system of sustainable development of urban transport has been defined. The simulation model has been developed as a consequence of the system dynamics that allowed integration of numerous indicators of the sustainable development of urban transport (including the qualitative and quantitative ones) and their simultaneous estimation with a dynamic approach. Furthermore, the concept present in the article also provides a possibility to generate results in a form of integrated sustainable development indicators. They express the degree of a given phenomenon in three different dimensions, presenting the information on the complex phenomenon description in a very clear manner.

Floating Charge Method Based on Shared Parking

With the cultivation of the shared economy, shared parking provides a new solution to the urban parking resource shortage problem. In this paper, the shared parking mode is taken as the research object to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces. The stated preference (SP) survey is used to collect the intention of sharing parking behavior in a typical shared parking mode situation. The behavior selection characteristics of the person sharing parking are analyzed and a binary logit model is used to establish the parking behavior selection model. The key parameters of a floating charge are proposed. Based on the above research, a dynamic balance adjustment method for shared parking floating charges is proposed and an empirical analysis is carried out. The research results showed that compared with fixed fees, the floating charge method can improve the utilization rate of idle spaces by more than 60% and control the occupancy rate of spaces by 60–80%. The floating charge method not only guarantees its own parking demand but also exploits the potential of shard parking facilities, which is good for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of urban transportation.

Sustainable Urban Transport Development with Stakeholder Participation, an AHP-Kendall Model: A Case Study for Mersin

Public transport development decisions are generally made by local government representatives or managers of the local transport company through a top-down procedure. However, if the implications do not meet the demand of the public, the improvement cannot be considered as sustainable and in a long range, correction is necessary. This paper aims to introduce a new model which is capable of supporting public transport development decision making by examining the preferences of different stakeholder groups (passengers, potential passengers, and local government) and creating an acceptable coordination for an ultimate, sustainable decision. In the model, Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied, combined with Kendall rank correlation and an extra level of stakeholder significance in the decision. A case study is also presented on the situation of a Turkish city: Mersin. The results show, that by the application of the new model, a more integrated and thus more sustainable solution can be created for the public transport problems of the city, and by this, probably more citizens can be attracted to use public transport modes which might result in decreased CO2 emissions.