Sustainable Development Of National Economy Research Articles

Research on Compensation System of Land Expropriation and Requisition

With the development of our country's economy and the advancement of the urbanization process, the demand for land is increasing, and the phenomenon of land requisition to the countryside around the cities is becoming more and more common, affecting farmers' interests and the social security problem of landless farmers has become increasingly prominent. To deal with the land problem is the most important in the sustainable development of national economy, and the land expropriation compensation system is an important system to maintain the social stability of our country, and an important basis for rational allocation of land resources in our country. Therefore, it is particularly important to perfect the land expropriation compensation system in our country. Relevant government departments should determine reasonable compensation standards for land expropriation based on public interests, so as to reflect the rationality of land expropriation. At the same time, we should improve the compensation measures for land expropriation and requisition to ensure the maximization of farmers' interests.

Realization of the potential of diversification of agricultural business to reduce the risks of sustainable development

The deepening of the global problems of human development requires new approaches to solving the strategic tasks of further existence. With this approach, under modern conditions, the concept of sustainable development appears, with the help of which it is possible to ensure the achievement of the goals of sustainable development of national economies and society. Agriculture is the primary sector of Ukraine's national economy, and the state of development largely determines the economic growth rate. In recent years, many problematic issues have accumulated in the agricultural sector, which requires intensifying the diversification processes of economic activity. The article identifies the principal risks and problems that can be solved based on directions for expanding the diversification of agrarian business, among them optimizing the sectoral balance, increasing the rationality and environmental friendliness of the use of natural resources, restoring biodiversity, reviving the human resources potential of rural areas and mitigating the consequences of inclusive gaps between rural and urban areas of the country. The composition of the potential for diversification of economic activity of agrarian business entities based on sustainable development is substantiated. Among the main elements proposed are food security, climate neutrality and preservation of biological resources, inclusiveness of development of rural areas, and economic opportunities. The analysis of the production structure of agriculture showed the dominance of crop production and a decrease in the share of livestock production. Based on the results of the conducted research, it is proposed to consider the diversification of agrarian business as a way of restoring and ensuring the biodiversity of crops and animals, which is based on the principles of rational use of bioresource agricultural potential to achieve the goals of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The fundamental principles of diversification of economic activities of agricultural enterprises based on sustainable development were defined as eco-tolerance of agricultural production, food sufficiency, inclusiveness, achievement of sectoral balance of agricultural production, efficiency, improvement of the level of well-being and quality of the country's population. Keywords: diversification, agriculture, rural areas, development, opportunities.

Oil and global politics after 24 February 2022

A study of the impact of oil on global politics at this time is necessary to understand the relationship between energy security, geopolitical conflicts, and economic relations, which could substantially affect the future of the global energy landscape and international relations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of the oil market on geopolitical relations and develop strategies to ensure energy security and stability in the international arena. The meth- ods employed include the analytical method, classification method, functional method, statistical method, and synthesis method. The study found that the rise in oil and other energy prices after the outbreak of geopolitical conflicts led to a considerable increase in economic pressure on importing countries. It was emphasised that the development of alterna- tive energy sources has become a vital strategic step to reduce dependence on oil. For instance, expanding the use of solar and wind power can help to balance the energy mix and reduce risks from geopolitical turbulence. The study analysed the possibilities of international cooperation in the energy sector to ensure energy security and stability in the global market. It was found that synergy between countries can help reduce the impact of geopolitical conflicts on the energy market and ensure sustainable energy supplies. It was established that the transition to alternative energy sources and the de- velopment of effective energy security strategies are key factors in supporting the sustainable development of national economies in a changing geopolitical environment. The conclusion is that there is a need to intensify efforts to develop and implement a comprehensive approach to energy regulation to ensure energy stability and maintain international peace and security. The authorities, business, and other stakeholders can use the findings of this study to make strategic decisions in the field of energy and global economic relations

Weakened economic impacts with future intensifying drought in Chinese mainland

Economic loss assessment of drought disaster (ELDA) plays an important supporting role in government emergency management decision-making and the sustainable development of national economy. Previous studies lack projected ELDA for composite drought under the background of global warming, and the evaluation models used have problems such as low calculation efficiency and poor universality. In order to explore the overall economic impact of composite drought disaster in Chinese mainland, an economic loss assessment model of drought disaster (ELDAM) was constructed based on the occurrence process and loss mechanism of drought. Under different global warming levels (GWLs), economic loss of drought disaster (ELD) in Chinese mainland increases with the intensification of drought. When the temperature rise reaches 4 °C, the ELD under the static scenario and the dynamic scenario that considers the future national economic development level can reach 164.00 ± 67.58 and 86.84 ± 38.06 billion USD2015. They only account for 0.014 ± 0.006% and 0.007 ± 0.003% of the projected gross domestic product (GDP), which is much lower than the reference period (2003–2018, 0.12%). The future economic impact of drought in Chinese mainland shows a downward trend against the background of intensifying droughts, but the economic impact of drought cannot be ignored under GWLs. ELDAM can not only be used to estimate ELD from historical drought disasters, but can also be combined with climate predictions to provide advance estimates of ELD, providing a reliable theoretical basis for strengthening regional drought prevention and resistance capabilities.

Prospects of Carbon Regulation in Russia and Raising Enterprise Responsibility and Involvement in Work Aimed at Cutting Green-House Gas Emissions

One of the key challenges of the current century is the growth in green-house gases emissions to the atmosphere. The concentration of carbonic acid gas in the Earth atmosphere keeps rising, which results in climate change. Climate change in Russia can be characterized as continuous warming and its speed is in 2.5 times higher than the speed of global warming. It can prove the volume of our country contribution to the total green-house gas emissions, which shall be taken into account for developing steps aimed at resolving national climatic problems. Ecology in current circumstances and in long-term perspective means practical and scientific and technical foundation for the beginning of man’ rational life on the Earth, when negative impact on the environment is reduced and at the same time accumulated damage is eliminated. Disregard for climatic agenda can create risks for sustainable development of national economy. This principle was introduced in the concept of sustainable development, which is based on balance between human activity and laws of nature by replacing consumers’ attitude towards nature. The article studies the widely-spread economic (market) mechanisms of carbon regulation. General and specific measures of motivating low-carbon development were discussed aiming at higher responsibility and involvement of enterprises in work on cutting green-house gas emissions. The authors show that the key economically effective tools for cutting the carbon footprint are the system of trading quotas on green-house gas emissions, the development of the national system of stock-taking, accounting and emission monitoring. It can be realized as a result of substantiating national emission factors, logical and normative approaches and tested methods for estimation of green-house gas emissions, improvement of the quality of data being analyzed and scenario modeling.

Trends and Perspectives of the Implementation of the ESG Principles in the Russian Economy

One of the most important trends in the development of the world economy is the implementation of ESG principles into the activities of its subjects. The article indicates that in modern conditions consideration of ESG principles in the activities of companies and banks is necessary for the sustainable long-term growth of their value, reduction of economic, environmental and other risks of their activities, promoting the sustainable development of national economies and the world economy as a whole. The article aims to investigate the trends and perspectives of the implementation of ESG principles in the Russian economy. The research methodology includes structuring, comparison, generalization, systemic, economic, institutional and logical analysis, SWOT analysis, induction, deduction and synthesis. Based on the research, the author concludes that the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of ESG principles in the Russian economy are the analysis, assessment and consideration of trends, features and perspectives of the development of the Russian and world economy, legal regulation of the implementation of ESG principles in Russia and abroad, consideration of national interests and features of Russia, clarification, correct application of the conceptual and methodological apparatus, analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with the implementation of these principles (SWOT analysis), and the use of accumulated world experience.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ДЕНЕЖНО-КРЕДИТНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ. ЧАСТЬ II

State monetary policy is essential for creating necessary conditions for sustainable development of national economy. Thus analysis of evolution of policy tools contributes a lot to the economics and allows to anticipate future macroeconomic fundamentals on different forecast horizons. The author underlines importance of monetary policies’ operational target selection in the short run and in the long run. The article also covers the issue of alternative approaches to the development of the tools of the state monetary policy proposed, namely: • role in development; • creation of new and diversification of existing financial institutions; • an efficient central bank; • monetization of the economy; • integrated structure of interest rates; • debt management; • maintaining balance of payments balance; • control of inflationary pressure.

Russian Federation Contribution to Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Regulating Mechanisms and Advanced Technological Solution of their Implementation

The issue of growth in greenhouse emissions to the atmosphere is the most principle challenge of our century. Adverse after-effects of climate change require harmonization of global tasks dealing with climate protection and human activity. The article grounds the necessity to cut greenhouse gas emissions and shows our possibilities in this field. The authors study and analyze legislative initiatives and economic tools of the low-carbon development in Russia. The article shows risks for sustainable development of national economy, which are feasible in case climate agenda is ignored. It was proved that introduction of obligatory reporting on greenhouse emissions and business urge towards standards in three categories ESG – assessment (social, managerial and ecological) can directly impact eco-innovation development, green technologies and motivate home organizations to introduce such innovation. The authors put forward a technological solution on system intensification of search, working-out and introduction of eco-innovation aimed at lowering the amount of greenhouse emissions to home industry. The proposed digital service on devising and introducing scientific and technological projects and ecological technologies could cut enterprises’ pay for greenhouse gas quotas and later increase proceeds of commercial work. Finally, conclusions were made that in Russia necessary conditions were created for development and introduction into industry technological solutions, which possess positive social, ecological and economic effects for enterprise upgrading and cutting greenhouse gas emissions.

Assessing Educators’ Readiness for Innovative Professional and Pedagogical Activities

The ongoing transformations in the modern world have a significant impact on the sustainable development of national economies, unify the requirements for human capital, and its educational level. Taking into account current trends, governments are taking significant measures to ensure and maintain the link between education, the economy and socio-economic development. These measures also change approaches to engineering training. At the same time, training, retraining, continuing training of educators are of great importance. Educators at present should follow trends of a dynamically changing reality. Thus, the purpose of this work is to assess the educators’ readiness for innovative professional and pedagogical activities (IPPA) in the process of their training on the module “Problembased, practice-oriented, project-based learning”, which is part of the continuing retraining program for engineering teachers iPET-3, developed within the framework of the international project ENTER (“EngineeriNg educaTors pEdagogical tRaining”), co-funded by the Erasmus + program of the European Union. The article proposes a model for the development of educators’ readiness for IPPA within the framework of professional retraining programs, a methodology for assessing the component composition of IPPA, and a three-level characteristic model of the component composition of IPPA. The use of the developed model during continuing retraining programs increases the level of teachers’ creative abilities, the amount of acquired material and their pedagogical skills.

An Integrated Goat Head Detection and Automatic Counting Method Based on Deep Learning.

Simple SummaryTo achieve precision and intelligence in farming, automatic recognition and counting of goats are important and fundamental parts of the process of large-scale goat farming. Currently, many farms with low modernization use manual counting, which has the obvious shortcomings of low efficiency and difficulty in avoiding duplication and omissions due to the large population base and frequent counting needs of goats. In order to solve this problem in the farming process, an efficient and accurate goat counting method is urgently needed. In this study, we address the above problem by constructing an integrated deep learning model for automatic detection and counting of goats based on computer vision technology with the Chengdu Ma goat as the research object. It is worth noting that we have improved the model using a series of advanced and effective strategies to enhance the performance of the model. Experiments show that our method can achieve accurate automatic counting of goats in a practical breeding environment. The method is beneficial to the regionalized management of goat barns and can be applied to different goat species with high practicality.Goat farming is one of the pillar industries for sustainable development of national economies in some countries and plays an active role in social and economic development. In order to realize the precision and intelligence of goat breeding, this paper describes an integrated goat detection and counting method based on deep learning. First, we constructed a new dataset of video images of goats for the object tracking task. Then, we took YOLOv5 as the baseline of the object detector and improved it using a series of advanced methods, including: using RandAugment to explore suitable data augmentation strategies in a real goat barn environment, using AF-FPN to improve the network’s ability to represent multi-scale objects, and using the Dynamic Head framework to unify the attention mechanism with the detector’s heads to improve its performance. The improved detector achieved 92.19% mAP, a significant improvement compared to the 84.26% mAP of the original YOLOv5. In addition, we also input the information obtained by the detector into DeepSORT for goat tracking and counting. The average overlap rate of our proposed method is 89.69%, which is significantly higher than the 82.78% of the original combination of YOLOv5 and DeepSORT. In order to avoid double counting as much as possible, goats were counted using the single-line counting based on the results of goat head tracking, which can support practical applications.

Discussion on the Rise of Healthy Chinese Sports Industry and the Training Mode of Compound Sports Talents.

With the improvement of people's living standards and quality, sports charm stimulates people's awareness of sports consumption and makes sports industry develop rapidly into one of the important industries for the sustainable development of national economy. In modern society, sports industry has become a new industry with huge business opportunities. Especially, when the social economy develops to a certain level and sports form a certain scale, the interdependence, mutual support, and mutual promotion between sports and economy become more inseparable. This paper studies and discusses the training strategy of “compound” talents in sports industry under the background of healthy China strategy, in order to promote the development and innovation of China's sports industry. In terms of training sports talents, we should not only pay attention to personal technical, professional, practical, and understanding contents but also introduce some humanistic contents and social hot contents to improve the comprehensive quality of talents.

Basic Legal Analysis of Intellectual Property Protection in the Adjustment of Import Structure of Developing Countries

With the continuous development of social economy, knowledge has become an important driving force for modern economic growth, which is of critical value for the improvement of the comprehensive national strength of developing countries. In this case, developing countries should systematically judge the advantages and disadvantages of their own trade import structure, make full use of the value orientation of intellectual property protection, and actively take an effective measure to optimize the import structure to promote the sustainable development of national economy. In view of this, this paper expounds the actual situation of patent and trademark application acceptance and authorization in developing countries at this stage, analyzes the deep impact of intellectual property protection on the import structure of developing countries, summarizes and proposes effective plans to improve the level of intellectual property protection to optimize the import structure of developing countries, hoping to provide some effective reference.

Historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes

Sustainable development of the transport industry can be provided through the introduction of combined transport systems. And one of the most promising ones is the train ferry transport system which combines railway and marine transport facilities. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense, as it was described by Vinogradov at the example of Saratovskaya Pereprava (route) and by Karakashly and Shklyaruk at the example of the lighter Ishimbay which was loaded from the side. The authors have analyzed the development of the train ferry routes serviced by the ice-breaking train ferries Baikal across Lake Baikal, and the ferries Sakhalin linked mainland Russia and Sakhalin Island. The article deals with the peculiarities of transportation by trains ferries in the USA, Japan, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Germany, Lithuania, and some other countries, and presents the analysis of the operational features of Ukrainian train ferries which connect Ukraine with Bulgaria, Georgia, and Turkey. Besides, the article describes some peculiarities of the loading and transportation of passenger trains by train ferries. The study deals with structural peculiarities, and processing technology used for modern train ferries operating across the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Baltic Sea. The research is based on the analysis of works by Egorov (the Marine Engineering Bureau, Ukraine). The research emphasizes the importance of train ferry transportation for the sustainable development of national economies including the economy of Ukraine.

Research on a grey prediction model based on energy prices and its applications

Energy is the material basis on which human beings depend for survival and development and a strong guarantee for the sustainable development of national economies. Accurately predicting energy prices can better regulate the allocation of energy markets, improve the level of scientific energy control for energy users, and promote the sound and healthy development of the energy economy. Based on the existing market economic model of energy prices, this paper first studies the relationship between the energy supply and demand and its price and establishes a dynamic differential equation. According to the difference information from the differential equation and difference equation, a dynamic grey prediction model of the energy price is established. Then, the parameter estimation and approximate reduction formula of the model are studied. To improve the accuracy of the model, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the background value of the novel model, establish the optimized grey forecast model of energy prices, and obtain the modelling process of the optimized model. Finally, the model is applied to the prediction of fuel prices in three typical regions: Singapore, the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf. Three kinds of grey prediction models are selected for comparative analysis, and five criteria are used for evaluation. The results show that the average relative errors of the simulations and predictions of the three actual cases are all less than 2%; the five evaluation criteria also basically indicate that the novel model is better than the other three grey prediction models.

SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE SAFETY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT: INDICATORS, LEVEL, THREATS

The article is dedicated to methods of integrating the safety of air transport in the mechanism of interaction between sustainable development goals and strategic management of sustanable development security through managerial, functional, and informational links between subsytems of sustainable development and different hierarchal levels of safety. This determines the place and role of aviation safety in ensuring fundamental national interests, i.e. sustainable development of national economy. The multifactor hierarchal model detailing the level of safety of air transport was developed in accordance with the system approach in the context of sustainable development and combines the economic and technological, social, and environmental components. It is proposed to consider a total of 7 components and 29 indicators that include shadow economy aspects, without which the current conditions cannot be estimated accurately. The boundaries of safe existence have been defined for all indicators using Student’s t-test. The conducted modelling has determined the current values of all indicators and the safety level of air transport as a whole. Identification has been carried out in accordance with the latest assessment methodology, including the multiplicative integral indices, modified method of normalization and formalized determination of dynamic weights. The list of threats and their severity have been determined using two criteria. Distance from the point of sustainable development, i.e. average value of the «homeostatic plateau», was used to identify the list and importance of threats, while the severity of threats was calculated using elasticity coefficients. The calculations show that the safety of air transport depends foremost on the social component, as well as economic and technological development of aviation.

Funding of Technology-Driven Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Bulgaria

Technological entrepreneurship and innovation are becoming one of the main driving forces for the economic and sustainable development of national economies. Thoroughly analyzed, therefore, in the present paper are the sources of funding for the Bulgarian enterprises driven by technology-based entrepreneurship and innovation. Their role is equally considered on the basis of indicators such as: performed innovations and obtained sources of funding for the technological enterprises, the country’s share of high technology exports, and others. Special focus is given on the barriers created to the enterprises associated with technological entrepreneurship and innovation in Bulgaria.

Research on safety evaluation of portal crane based on energy saving and environmental protection

Crane is an important equipment of national economic construction. Compared with the faulty crane, the crane with good performance has lower energy consumption and less pollution to the environment. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used to evaluate the safety of portal crane, to help users find and deal with the existing problems of crane in time, and to play a positive role in the sustainable development of national economy.

The impact of state regulation in a sphere of education on sustainable development of national economy

Education is a core element of the Sustainable Development Concept. It is not only because of the declaration of SDG 4 within the 2030 Agenda but also its embeddedness in other goals, targets, and indicators. Thus, the study aims to generalize approaches to define the relationship between the efficiency of the strategy of sustainable development of the national economy and state regulation of education. The research is accomplished for 14 Central and Eastern European countries (2006–2016) using the combination of principal components method and parametric method of stochastic frontier analysis in the software package STATA 11 and FRONTIER 4.1. As a result, the empirical proofs of the strong and adequate link between the efficiency of the sustainable development strategy of the national economy and state regulation of education are identified. The technical efficiency indexes were also calculated that allowed forming three clusters for Central and Eastern European countries distributed by the level of state regulation of education and efficiency of sustainable development strategy implementation. It helps to distinguish the main measures to reform the state regulation of education in Ukraine considering the experience of Slovenia, Poland, the Czech Republic, countries that proved to be the leaders in a sphere of sustainable development strategy implementation. The recommendations for further improvements in educational policies were defined. For instance, effective and sustainable state regulation of education should focus on decentralizing education, developing private-public partnerships, stimulating adult education development, etc. Acknowledgment and fundingThis research was funded by the grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “Reforming the lifelong learning system in Ukraine for the prevention of the labor emigration: a coopetition model of institutional partnership” (No. 0120U102001).

Methodology of Intellectual Property Objects Commercial Potential Evaluation

The current state of the world economy and crisis phenomena show that the sustainable development of national economies is possible with the development of science and technology embodied in technologies, equipment and personnel qualification systems, production organization. Successful development of the modern economy is impossible without increasing the competitiveness of high-tech innovative products in the total volume of GDP. In order to activate the implementation of innovative developments in the real sector of the economy it is necessary for developing intellectual property objects to have concrete value for enterprises. Conformably, the developed intellectual property must be evaluated for the possibility of commercialization. A methodology is proposed for evaluation the commercial potential of IPO, which takes into account both the actual parameters of the intellectual property rights, its external environment, and the potential of patent holders The approach takes into account the assessments of experts in the field of intellectual property and as a result of the IPO evaluation, we get not the exact value, but the interval that indicates the low, medium or high potential for commercialization of this IPO. The proposed methodology will allow estimating IPO that are still incomplete in order to identify their growth points and determine the prospects for commercialization.

Risk Identification and Prevention and Control Measures of Urban Rail Transit Construction

<p>Urban rail transit is a key bridge to promote the sustainable development of national economy. The risk problems existing in the actual construction process will have a negative impact on the rail transit to play its own role, and it is closely related to the stable development of the country and society. Based on this, this paper probes into the risk identification of urban rail transit engineering construction in order to provide corresponding reference for future research.</p>