Sustainable Construction Practices Research Articles

Fungal mycelium-based biofoam composite: A review in growth, properties and application

Recent years have shown a surge in interest in incorporating living systems into materials research to synthesize functional materials using biological resources. Among these, mycelium-based materials, notably biofoam, have emerged as innovative solutions for repurposing organic wastes that were previously considered unusable. The growth of mycelium, vital for the synthesis of biofoam, is influenced by a multuple of factors including substrate composition, moisture content, temperature, nutrient availability, pH levels, oxygen concentration, and measures for contamination control. Additionally, physical stimulation techniques have been explored to enhance mycelium growth, ranging from cold stress-induced adaptations to electrical shock-induced modifications and optimization of sound treatments and light exposure. This review highlights the growing interest in biofoam composite materials, a novel class of environmentally friendly and cost-effective materials that are gaining popularity, for advancing sustainable construction practices. Biofoam composites use organic fungal growth as a low-energy bio-fabrication process to transform abundant agricultural byproducts and waste into viable alternatives to energy-intensive manufactured building materials. Their versatility in composition and manufacturing methods allows them to be used in a wide range of applications, including insulation and door cores, panelling, flooring, and furniture components. Notably, biofoams outperform synthetic foams and engineered wood in terms of thermal insulation, sound absorption, and fire resistance, making them highly promising for construction industry. Besides, due to its customizable composition and production method, biofoam can be used in the replacement of foams, leather, wood, and plastics in a variety of applications such as water treatment and filtration, medical supplies and healthcare applications. However, despite their remarkable properties, biofoam typically serve as non- or semi-structural supplements to traditional construction materials due to inherent limitations. Nevertheless, the useful material properties of these materials, combined with their low cost, ease of manufacture, and environmental sustainability, imply that they will have an important part to play in the development of environmentally friendly materials in the future.

Exploring Olive Pit Powder as a Filler for Enhanced Thermal Insulation in Epoxy Mortars to Increase Sustainability in Building Construction

This article explores the use of olive pit powder (OPP) as a promising resource for enhancing the thermal insulation properties of epoxy mortars. A comprehensive analysis of the chemical and physical characteristics of OPP was conducted, employing analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and emitted gas analysis (TG-MS-EGA), and proximal analysis. Experimental samples of epoxy grout were prepared by using different proportions of a conventional inorganic filler, quartz powder, and OPP within an epoxy mortar matrix. As the percentage of OPP in the formulation increased, the microstructure of the samples gradually became more porous and less compact. Consequently, there was a decrease in density with the increase in OPP content. The 28-day compressive strength decreased from 46 MPa to 12.8 MPa, respectively, in the samples containing only quartz (Sample E) and only OPP (Sample A) as a filler. Similarly, flexural strength decreased from 35.2 to 5.3 MPa. The thermal conductivity decreased from 0.3 W/mK in Sample E to 0.11 in Sample A. Therefore, increasing the %wt of OPP improved insulating properties while reducing the mechanical resistance values. This study highlights the potential of OPP as an environmentally friendly and thermally efficient filler for epoxy mortars, thereby promoting sustainable construction practices.

The applications of building information modeling in the life-cycle of green buildings: a comprehensive review

Previous research indicates that Building Information Modeling (BIM) serves as a digital platform for integrating pertinent data across all stages of construction, enhancing data management capabilities. This is notably crucial during initial investment planning and throughout project execution, facilitating efficient engineering information management, practice, quality assurance, and cost control concurrently. BIM contributes novel insights into green building development while posing significant challenges. The complexity of optimizing multiple performance indicators using BIM has hindered its widespread adoption in design practice, confining its application primarily to academic research. Therefore, this paper reviewed 168 previous studies from the past ten years, conducted an in-depth review and comparison, and provides suggestions for possible future research direction for BIM research. Specifically, the paper systematically reviews the application of BIM in design, construction, operation and maintenance, retrofit and demolition, and all the assessment phases of green buildings, and discusses the advantages of the BIM application in green buildings as well as an analysis of the current research gaps. This research enhances practitioners’ understanding of BIM and green buildings’ current trends and development status. It elucidates BIM's role in fostering green building development, guiding future industry professionals and researchers in effectively integrating BIM into sustainable construction practices.

Hybrid lighting approach to improve interior workspace environments: a case study in the UAE

PurposeInterior workspace environments use exclusively artificial light, resulting in a loss of biological connection and natural light quality, as well as greater energy consumption. The purpose of the study is to identify a suitable system that can provide natural light to such interior spaces throughout the day while supplementing it with artificial light when necessary. The fundamental aim is to provide insights into the most effective solutions for energy-efficient lighting design in the UAE's environment, with the potential to lower energy consumption related to interior lighting.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted an empirical approach to gather and analyze primary data based on field measurements to understand and assess existing lighting conditions, as well as DIALux lighting simulation software to test the efficacy of the proposed HLS in terms of natural light delivery, illumination quality and energy consumption. A branch of a local bank in the United Arab Emirates, situated inside one of the shopping malls where there is no natural light penetration, has been chosen as a case study.FindingsThe findings of comparing the base case to four probable scenarios that used HLS revealed that the third scenario, which uses 100% pure sunshine and 35% artificial LED light during daylight operations and 100% LED light during night duty, is considered to be optimal in terms of illumination quality and energy efficiency.Originality/valueThe study demonstrated the potential of innovative lighting to improve the visual working environment in interior spaces with limited access to direct natural lighting, especially in arid regions, where sunlight is plentiful throughout the year. The study contributes new insights into the establishment of lighting-related recommendations and standards for the UAE context. This may include advice for sustainable construction practices, lighting guidelines or incentives to encourage the use of hybrid lighting technology in commercial and institutional buildings.

Efficacy of Admixtures on Compressive Strength of Concrete

This report investigates the impact of reducing cement proportion in concrete by adding varying percentage of silica fume and glass fibre. The aim is to evaluate the compressive strength of modified concrete mix with varying percentage. The experiment involved varying levels of cement replacement with silica fume and the addition of glass fibre to determine the optimal combination for enhancing concrete performance. Testing methodologies included compressive strength tests of concrete cube. The results provide insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing silica fume and glass fibre to improve the strength characteristics of concrete while reducing cement content, contributing to sustainable and durable construction practices.

Evaluating sugarcane bagasse fly ash as a sustainable cement replacement for enhanced performance

This study evaluated the potential of sugarcane bagasse fly ash, collected from boiler exhaust stacks via a bypass pipe, as a renewable supplementary cementitious material. The bagasse fly ash was ground into three different particle sizes (D50 of 10, 20, and 30 μm) and characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, specific surface area, and pozzolanic activity. The influence of the ashes on paste hydration was investigated using isothermal calorimetry. Mortars were then tested with 20% cement replacement by fly ash, analyzing packing density, compressive strength evolution, and durability against sulfuric acid. Results indicated the suitability of the fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material, with low contamination and greater pozzolanic activity at smaller particle sizes. This enhanced initial hydration and long-term strength, with finer ashes showing superior mechanical properties when compared to the reference mortar (an 8% increase). Mortars with fly ash exhibited higher packing density and reduced mass loss under sulfuric acid attack, but increased water absorption and capillarity, alongside decreased compressive strength compared to the reference. Briefly, the findings highlighted that the potential of bagasse fly ash as a promising low cost and eco-beneficial material for sustainable construction practices.

Uncovering the research tapestry: bibliometric insights into BIM and LCA – exploring trends, collaborations and future directions

Uncovering the research tapestry: bibliometric insights into BIM and LCA – exploring trends, collaborations and future directions

Application of Greenroads Rating System and Life Cycle Assessment in Informing the State of the Practice in Sustainable Roadway Construction

This paper highlights the application of the Greenroads Rating System in collecting, measuring, and communicating sustainable best practice data in the context of roadway infrastructure construction. Once measured, meaningful comparisons between common practice and what goes above and beyond routine can be recognized, educated, advertised, spread, and finally, implemented. This study collected, organized, and analyzed data from 33 Greenroads-certified roadway construction projects completed between 2011 and 2018 with a total value of over 2 billion USD. We believe such a database is scarce within the literature and is worth exploring. Greenroads scorecards, which indicate the level of achievement in sustainable construction practices, were analyzed to show the frequency with which best practices are pursued. Findings show that projects typically perform activities that can be considered common practice and avoid activities that fall outside of their prior experience realm. Realizing that roadway surfaces including pavement structures often contribute to a high proportion of a roadway project’s sustainability efforts, the last piece of this study is dedicated to the life cycle assessment (LCA) of paving materials as conducted and reported by project teams. Integrating LCA results with financial information from pay item lists, correlation analyses between carbon and energy footprints and the price of major paving materials such as asphalt mixtures and portland cement concrete were carried out. Results show that the quantified environmental footprints of projects and the materials used to build them strongly correlate with the total price of projects and the price of constituent materials, respectively.

Analysis of the influence of using ceramic waste as aggregates in concrete and/or mortar

The utilization of waste materials in the construction industry holds the promise of sustainable development and reduced environmental impact. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the influence of using ceramic waste as aggregates in concrete and mortar, with a focus on the technical, environmental, and economic aspects of this innovative practice. This analysis contributes valuable insights into the utilization of ceramic waste as aggregates in concrete and mortar, offering a sustainable alternative that aligns with the principles of circular economy and resource efficiency. By comprehensively evaluating the technical, environmental, and economic aspects, we aim to provide guidance for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to harness the potential of waste materials in sustainable construction practices.

Parameter Tuning for Sustainable 3D Printing (3DP) of Clay Structures

Due to high carbon emissions, traditional construction methods are often costly, resource-intensive, and environmentally harmful. This study investigates the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) using earthen clay as a sustainable alternative for building structures. Despite its promising benefits, challenges such as water/clay ratio, nozzle clogging, and temperature variations hinder widespread adoption. Employing the design of experiment (DOE) approach, this research systematically optimizes 3DP parameters, including nozzle diameter, layer height, infill percentage, and printing speed, using commercial earthen clay. Chemical compositions are analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Quantitative analysis compares measured dimensions of 3DP structures to assess dimensional accuracy, while buildability assessments explore structural integrity. Results indicate that lower layer heights generally enhance dimensional accuracy, with larger nozzle diameters enabling faster printing speeds. ANOVA analysis reveals significant relationships between printing parameters and dimensional outcomes, emphasizing the importance of 3DP process parameters selection. Optimal printing parameters lead to high-quality prints, although with limitations in scalability. This research contributes valuable insights for stakeholders seeking sustainable 3DP practices in construction, paving the way for more environmentally friendly and cost-effective building solutions.

Comparison of Predictive Modeling Concrete Compressive Strength with Machine Learning Approaches

Accurately predicting concrete compressive strength is fundamental for optimizing mix designs, ensuring structural integrity, and advancing sustainable construction practices. Increased demands for safer, more durable infrastructure necessitate effective predictive concrete compressive strength models. This research aims to compare the effectiveness of six machine learning models such as Linear Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression (SVR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost to predict concrete compressive strength. Used a dataset of 1030 instances with varying mixture compositions, conducted extensive exploratory data analysis, and applied feature engineering and data scaling to enhance model performance. Assessments were performed with a 5-fold cross-validation approach with the R-squared (R²) metric. In addition, the SHAP value is used to understand the influence of each feature on the compressive strength results. The results revealed that XGBoost significantly outperformed other models, achieving an average R² value of 0.9178 with a standard deviation of 0.0296. Notably, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting also demonstrated robust capabilities. Based on our experiment, these models effectively predicted compressive strengths close to actual measured values, confirming their practical applicability in civil engineering. SHAP values provided insights into the significant impact of age and cement quantity on model outputs. These results highlight the advanced ensemble methods' effectiveness in concrete compressive strength prediction and underscore the importance of feature engineering in enhancing model accuracy.

Building a Greener Future: Exploring Sustainable Construction Practices

Abstract: The paper aims to assess the levels of awareness among India practitioners regarding sustainable construction and identify the barriers that hinder its implementation. It adopts a mixed-method approach with questionnaire surveys and interviews to gather data from industry stakeholders. The findings reveal that industry practitioners have average levels of awareness, with a focus on practices such as reduce, reuse, and recycle and green building certification.

Strength Optimization of Fibre Reinforced Concrete by Using Waste Plastic Bottles

Abstract: This research investigates the potential for optimizing the strength of fibre-reinforced concrete by incorporating waste plastic bottles as a sustainable additive. The study aims to explore the feasibility of utilizing waste materials to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete while promoting environmental sustainability through recycling efforts. Various proportions of waste plastic bottles are incorporated into the concrete mix, and the resulting mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance, are evaluated through rigorous testing procedures. The findings of this study contribute to advancing sustainable construction practices by providing insights into the effectiveness of waste plastic bottles as a reinforcing agent in concrete. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of recycling initiatives in the construction industry and underscores the potential for utilizing waste materials to improve concrete performance while reducing environmental impact.

A Brief Guide to the 50 Eco-Friendly Materials Transforming Sustainable Construction

The adoption of eco-friendly construction materials represents a revolutionary shift in the physical infrastructure, challenging traditional building practices. This transformation reduces environmental impacts and sets a precedence for sustainable, resilient, and responsible construction practices, marking a crucial milestone in the evolution of the physical infrastructure. This study offers a brief examination of eco-friendly materials for sustainable construction practices. Addressing the growing urgency for environmentally conscious building practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the construction material manufacturing industry. This study examines 50 eco-friendly materials, providing an understanding of their attributes, applications, and ecological benefits. Emphasizing the transformative potential of these materials, this article serves as a practical brief guide for architects, engineers, and construction professionals, facilitating informed decision-making without compromising construction performance. With a commitment to environmental responsibility and structural efficiency, this article contributes to a paradigm shift towards a greener and more sustainable future in the construction industry.

Comparative analysis on the mechanism of climate responsiveness strategies on indoor thermal performance of Yaodong dwellings in the Loess Plateau region of China

The vast rural architecture, while contributing significantly to enormous building energy consumption, also brings about substantial energy-saving potential. This underscores the need for a profound understanding of sustainable and intelligent green construction practices for vernacular dwellings. This study focuses on investigating the mechanisms of climate-responsive strategies on the indoor thermal environment of traditional dwellings in the Loess Plateau region, using the cave dwelling, known as Yaodong in Yulin, as a case study. Through on-site measurements, the study examines the effectiveness of climate responsiveness strategies on the indoor thermal conditions of different types of Yaodong (cliff-side style and independent style). Simultaneously, dynamic simulations are employed to analyze energy consumption of heating season (ECHP) and indoor temperature on the coldest day, while adjusting variable parameters of various passive strategies to identify the influences of factors affecting the indoor thermal performance of different types of Yaodong. The results indicate that the traditional Yaodong, employing passive design methods can contribute to enhancing indoor comfort under adverse climate conditions. The average indoor temperatures of cliff-side and independent Yaodong bedrooms are −1.9 °C and −3.2 °C, respectively, compared to the outdoor temperature of −12.8 °C, outperforming modern brick dwellings with an average indoor temperature of −9.3 °C. For cliff-side Yaodong, factors such as orientation, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), the aspect ratio, and sunspace prove to be the four most critical elements influencing indoor thermal performance. For independent Yaodong, the ranking of key factors is orientation, the aspect ratio, wall thermal resistance, and window-to-wall ratio. This study can provide guidance and reference for the preservation and revitalization of cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau region.

Investigating Concrete Properties with Partial Replacement of Cement by Alccofine and Eggshell Powder

In this study, we investigate the effect of substituting cement with Alccofine and eggshell powder on the strength properties of concrete. Cement production is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Our research aims to address this environmental concern by evaluating the potential of Alccofine and eggshell powder as partial cement replacements while maintaining or enhancing concrete quality. We prepared various concrete mixtures with a constant 10% substitution of Alccofine, combined with different proportions of eggshell powder replacing cement (ranging from 0% to 20%). Through thorough testing including compressive, split tensile and flexural strength assessments, we analyzed the mechanical performance of these mixtures. Our findings demonstrate that Alccofine and eggshell powder can effectively substitute cement in concrete, providing a more environmentally friendly option that improves material strength. However, further research is needed to optimize the mix proportions and assess long-term durability in diverse environmental conditions. Notably, combining eggshell powder with Alccofine presents a promising approach to enhancing concrete performance while reducing the environmental impact of cement production. This study contributes to advancing sustainable practices in concrete construction, promoting the use of eco-friendly building materials. Key Words: Alccofine, eggshell powder, compressive, split tensile and flexural strength.

Experimental Investigation of Sustainable Concrete Production using Blast Furnace as A Cement Substitute- A art of Review

The pursuit of sustainable construction practices has led to a growing interest in alternative materials that can reduce the environmental impact of traditional concrete production. This experimental study focuses on the utilization of blast furnace slag as a substitute for cement in concrete, aiming to assess its mechanical properties, environmental impact, and overall sustainability. The primary objectives of this research are threefold. Firstly, the study seeks to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete by varying the content of blast furnace slag in the mix, with a specific emphasis on strength, durability, and structural performance. This involves conducting a comprehensive analysis of the concrete's compressive strength, flexural strength, and other relevant mechanical characteristics. Secondly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) will be employed to analyze the environmental impact of the concrete mixtures. This assessment will compare carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and overall sustainability of the concrete produced with varying percentages of blast furnace slag. The LCA will provide valuable insights into the environmental implications of using slag as a cement substitute, aiding in the identification of eco-friendlier concrete production practices. Lastly, the research aims to assess the environmental impact of blast furnace slag itself when employed as a cement substitute. This involves examining the production, transportation, and incorporation of blast furnace slag into the concrete mix, providing a holistic view of its sustainability across the entire life cycle. The experimental approach involves the meticulous design of concrete mixes with different percentages of cement replaced by blast furnace slag. The varying mix designs will be tested for mechanical properties, and the data obtained will be used to draw correlations between slag content and concrete performance. In summary, this research endeavors to contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding sustainable concrete production by exploring the mechanical, environmental, and sustainability aspects of utilizing blast furnace slag as a cement substitute. The findings of this study are anticipated to provide valuable insights for the construction industry to adopt more environmentally friendly practices while maintaining or enhancing concrete performance.

Utilizing Wheel Washing Machine Sludge as a Cement Substitute in Repair Mortar: An Experimental Investigation into Material Characteristics.

The construction industry strives for sustainable solutions to tackle environmental challenges and optimize resource use. One such focus area is the management of industrial byproducts and waste materials, including fugitive dust control through wheel washers. While wheel washers play a pivotal role in dust management, they generate a challenging byproduct known as wheel washer sludge (WWS). The disposal of WWS is complicated due to its composition and potential hazards. Recent research explores reusing WWS in construction materials, particularly in repair mortar, aiming for sustainability and circular economy principles. This study investigates the incorporation of WWS into repair mortar formulations, evaluating mechanical properties, durability, and environmental implications. Results show that WWS enhances workability but prolongs setting time. Mechanical strength tests reveal improvements with WWS addition, especially when pretreated. Water absorption rates decrease with pretreated WWS, indicating enhanced durability. Chemical attack tests demonstrate resistance to carbonation and chloride penetration, especially with modified WWS. Freeze-thaw tests reveal improved resistance with WWS addition, particularly modified. Microstructure analysis confirms hydration products and denser matrices with WWS inclusion. Environmental hazard analysis shows WWS contains no harmful heavy metals, indicating its suitability for use in repairs. Overall, this study highlights the technical feasibility and environmental benefits of incorporating WWS into repair mortar, contributing to sustainable construction practices.

Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Physical, Mechanical, and Structural Characteristics of Cementitious Composites with Recycled Aggregates.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NTs) on the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the microstructural changes, of cementitious composites containing partially substituted natural aggregates (NAs) with aggregates derived from the following four recycled materials: glass (RGA), brick (RGB), blast-furnace slag (GBA), and recycled textolite waste with WEEE (waste from electrical and electronic equipment) as the primary source (RTA), in line with sustainable construction practices. The research methodology included the following phases: selection and characterization of raw materials, formulation design, experimental preparation and testing of specimens using standardized methods specific to cementitious composite mortars (including determination of apparent density in the hardened state, mechanical strength in compression, flexure, and abrasion, and water absorption by capillarity), and structural analysis using specialized techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)). The analysis and interpretation of the results focused primarily on identifying the effects of NT addition on the composites. Results show a decrease in density resulting from replacing NAs with recycled aggregates, particularly in the case of RGB and RTA. Conversely, the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a slight increase in density, ranging from 0.2% for RTA to 7.4% for samples containing NAs. Additionally, the introduction of TiO2 contributes to improved compressive strength, especially in samples containing RTA, while flexural strength benefits from a 3-4% TiO2 addition in all composites. The compressive strength ranged from 35.19 to 70.13 N/mm2, while the flexural strength ranged from 8.4 to 10.47 N/mm2. The abrasion loss varied between 2.4% and 5.71%, and the water absorption coefficient varied between 0.03 and 0.37 kg/m2m0.5, the variations being influenced by both the nature of the aggregates and the amount of NTs added. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the cementitious composites, mainly forming CSH gel. TiO2 nanoparticles act as nucleating agents during early hydration, as confirmed by EDS spectra after curing.

Pengaruh Penambahan Variasi Abu Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Karakteristik Mortar

Awareness of the importance of sustainable construction practices and research to explore alternative materials or waste that can be recovered to reduce material use and waste. This was done to evaluate coconut shell ash waste as a partial additive to cement in mortar mixtures. The research carried out aimed to determine the results of the influence of coconut shell ash waste on the absorption value to obtain overall analysis results on mortar mixtures using coconut shell ash additives with variations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%. The results obtained on the effect of adding coconut shell ash on the water absorption value show that a mixture of coconut shell ash can make mortar lose water more easily when compared to normal mortar, namely with the highest water absorption value of 9.307% in a mixture of 10% coconut shell ash.