Sustainable Cultural Heritage Research Articles

Social Media as a Medium to Promote Local Perception Expression in China’s World Heritage Sites

The assessment of public participation is one of the most fundamental components of holistic and sustainable cultural heritage management. Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic became a catalyst for the transformation of participatory tools. Collaboration with stakeholders moved online due to the strict restrictions preventing on-site activities. This phenomenon provided an opportunity to formulate more comprehensive and reasonable urban heritage protection strategies. However, very few publications mentioned how social networking sites’ data could support humanity-centred heritage management and participatory evaluation. Taking five World Cultural Heritage Sites as research samples, the study provides a methodology to evaluate online participatory practices in China through Weibo, a Chinese-originated social media platform. The data obtained were analysed from three perspectives: the users’ information, the content of texts, and the attached images. As shown in the results section, individuals’ information is described by gender, geo-location, celebrities, and Key Opinion Leaders. To a greater extent, participatory behaviour emerges at the relatively primary levels, that being “informing and consulting”. According to the label detection of Google Vision, residents paid more attention to buildings, facades, and temples in the cultural heritage sites. The research concludes that using social media platforms to unveil interplays between digital and physical heritage conservation is feasible and should be widely encouraged.

Cultural heritage sustainability restoration: a quantitative method for the reversibility assessment of interventions on historical timber floor

Restoration technology has different characteristics from mechanical, chemical, and industrial technologies. In fact, it concerns objects recognised as cultural heritage as evidence of historical, cultural, aesthetic values, which the intervention has to preserve. The observation of the damages caused by wrong restoration interventions has led to the formulation of guidelines to limit the risks of such interventions. One of the basic principles of these guidelines is reversibility: since degradation is an inevitable process, construction works will likely require restoration and functional adaptation over time. The historical timber floor is the technology system that embodies and tells the history of a building in a more reliable way: it is the most evident testimony of the technological-cultural-economic characteristics that have conditioned the design and construction of a given building in history. In accordance with the need to preserve these historical testimonies, the study aimed to develop an innovative method for the quantitative evaluation of reversibility in the restoration and static consolidation of timber floors. The method aims to evaluate the most reversible intervention, i.e., more sustainable in terms of future revision and modification.

Cultural heritage tourism in North Cyprus: findings from in-depth interviews with experts

PurposeHeritage tourism is vital to the preservation of cultural resources and economic growth and tourism can be utilized to protect and promote cultural heritage. However, if cultural heritage tourism is not developed following sustainable development principles, it can negatively affect a region's cultural legacy. This study aims to analyze expert opinion on sustainable heritage tourism in the geographical setting of North Cyprus.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method was used to conduct in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews with seven heritage tourism experts in North Cyprus. Theme analysis of the transcripts was undertaken and triangulated utilizing the automated content and thematic analysis capabilities of the Leximancer software program.FindingsThe analysis revealed six themes in descriptions of sustainable cultural heritage tourism provided by the experts. These are “history”; “promotion”; “institutions”; “protection and maintenance”; “museums” and “technology”.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to analyze the key aspects affecting the long-term viability of cultural heritage tourism in North Cyprus.

Best Practices of Sustainable Development to Make Six Senses Uluwatu a Green Hotel

Purpose: This research aims to describe the implementation of sustainable development practices at Six Senses Uluwatu, Bali, in pursuing a green hotel.
 Design/methodology/approach: Methods of data collection used are by conducting depth-in interviews, distrib-uting questionnaires to 95 correspondents with incidental sampling technique, and observation. Data analysis method used is qualitative descriptive analysis through transcribing, coding, describing, and interpreting the data.
 Findings: Six Senses Uluwatu already implemented the best practices of sustainable de-velopment which including recycling waste paper, minimizing consumption and wastage resources, using a green-car electric vehicle, preventing in using dis-posable goods, using environmentally friendly cleaning chemicals, producing owned bottling plant water, practicing organic farming manner, applying zero-waste packaging, providing local employment, and equal opportunities to women and people of all background.
 Implications: These practices are aligned with the four key themes of Green Globe Standard including sustainable management, cultural heritage, social/economic, and envi-ronmental. Six Senses Uluwatu is eligible to become a green hotel through the implementation of best practices sustainable development at Six Senses Ulu-watu.

Public participation for the development of tourist attraction on the Nawatwitee of sustainable cultural heritage and local wisdom to follow the Kings philosophy of sufficiency economy

The objective of this study is to examine the role of public participation, local wisdom, and sufficiency economy to enhance tourism attraction. This study preferred to examine the relationship between public participation, local wisdom, sufficiency economy, sustainable tourism heritage and tourism attraction. To attain the study objective, a survey questionnaire was used for data collection. Population of the study is the government and private tourism organizations, and employees of these tourism organizations working in Thailand were considered as respondents. The survey received 205 valid responses and used in data analysis. This study used Partial Least Square (PLS) to test the relationship between variables. Results of PLS structural model proposed the important contribution of public participation in tourism attraction. Public participation has the potential to enhance local wisdom and sufficiency economy which has relationship with sustainable tourism heritage. Further, the increase in sustainable tourism heritage increases the tourism attraction.

Public participation for the development of tourist attraction on the Nawatwitee of sustainable cultural heritage and local wisdom to follow the Kings philosophy of sufficiency economy

The objective of this study is to examine the role of public participation, local wisdom, and sufficiency economy to enhance tourism attraction. This study preferred to examine the relationship between public participation, local wisdom, sufficiency economy, sustainable tourism heritage and tourism attraction. To attain the study objective, a survey questionnaire was used for data collection. Population of the study is the government and private tourism organizations, and employees of these tourism organizations working in Thailand were considered as respondents. The survey received 205 valid responses and used in data analysis. This study used Partial Least Square (PLS) to test the relationship between variables. Results of PLS structural model proposed the important contribution of public participation in tourism attraction. Public participation has the potential to enhance local wisdom and sufficiency economy which has relationship with sustainable tourism heritage. Further, the increase in sustainable tourism heritage increases the tourism attraction.

Documentation and Sustainability of Construction Techniques for the Protection of Cultural Heritage: Kitchen Hearths and Chimneys in Traditional Diyarbakır Houses

This article analyses the construction techniques of the kitchen hearths (fireplaces) and chimneys in the kitchens of traditional Diyarbakır (Turkey) houses. The first part of the study examines the historical development of kitchens. The second part investigates the architectural features of the kitchens of traditional Diyarbakır houses and the construction techniques and smoke evacuation methods of the hearths and chimneys in these kitchens. For this purpose, the hearths and chimneys of traditional kitchens, which are still used in their original form, and those of the demolished houses have been examined. They all have been documented by drawings and photographs. This study aims to contribute to the documentation and sustainability of cultural heritage and traditional construction techniques, and to guide the restoration practices that will be carried out in Suriçi.

Europeana: Aggregating Cultural Diversity In Unity

This study examines Europeana, a European cultural heritage data aggregator. The purpose of this study is to explore the Europeana platform and its relationship in a broader field. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of Europeana development and demonstrate the significant alteration in the platform. A qualitative approach used in this study is descriptive methods and direct observation to Europeana website, alongside with literature review was conducted for the data retrieval technique. The research found that Europeana experienced a significance in the development and has several objectives, but more importantly emphasized more on creation, production and distribution process of digital heritage content in Europe. As a result, Europeana has a significant effect on cultural heritage sustainability through work closely with digitization to present the tacit knowledge in the public sphere and preserve cultural heritage object.

How a hierarchical governance structure influences cultural heritage destination sustainability: A context of red tourism in China

A growing recognition has been observed regarding destination governance in tourism sustainability. Given the hierarchical structure still takes an essential role in destination governance, how this governance structure impacts the sustainability of heritage tourism destinations remains unclear. This research focuses on red tourism destinations in China to analyse how a hierarchical governance structure may incur destination sustainability issues. Using a qualitative case study, the results summarized two streams of conflicts in destination management process: vertical conflicts between central and local governance levels, and horizontal conflicts at local governance level between different stakeholders. Results show that both vertical and horizontal conflicts influence the cultural heritage sustainability in terms of preservation and enhancement, and the conflicts originate from the attributes of hierarchical governance structure. The research supplements the current knowledge of how the hierarchical governance structure influences the sustainability of heritage destinations and provides practical implications to Chinese red tourism destinations.

Climate adaptation planning for cultural heritages in coastal tourism destinations: A multi-objective optimization approach

Substantial climate change impacts threaten the persistence of cultural resources globally. The need exists for conceptualizing decision support tools that focus on quantifying and optimizing the managerial priorities to leverage historic preservation and adaptation actions that enhance the continuity of heritage values and sites. Informed by the Structured Decision Making (SDM) approach, this study advances the singular objective Optimal Preservation (OptiPres) Model, a decision support tool for climate adaptation planning of historic buildings by considering three tourism management objectives: (a) maximize accumulated resource value, (b) maximize cost-efficiency, and (c) minimize vulnerability. These objectives are tested under different budget scenarios using a 30-year planning horizon with a subset of buildings located in two historic districts of Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO), United States. The multi-objective approach demonstrates the OptiPres Model is transformative, transparent, and transferable for providing cultural resource decision support and enhancing the sustainability of cultural heritage globally.

Community participation in heritage tourism management of Sukhothai historical park

Purpose This study aims to examine community participation in cultural heritage management with regard to sustainable heritage tourism management in Sukhothai Historical Park (SHP) in Sukhothai Province. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative and quantitative research approaches were applied; in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 key informants, and 104 questionnaires were distributed among stakeholders and local communities. Findings The results revealed that sustainable park management has made a positive impact upon local economy, social and cultural conservation of the world heritage site. The Park Authority has developed and conserved archaeological sites with local community assistance, particularly for physical management, but it has not yet used archaeological heritage in the park for more benefits of tourism development. Research limitations/implications The results reveal that sustainable park management has made a positive impact on the local economy and social and cultural conservation of the World Heritage city. The Park Authority has developed and conserved archaeological sites with local community assistance, particularly for physical management, but it has not yet used archaeological heritage in the park for greater urban tourism development. Sustainable cultural heritage management in SHP is government-led, so community participation is based upon two-way communication in the form of “tokenism.” Practical implications Sukhothai is encouraged to find suitable mechanisms to facilitate multisectoral communication and development to jointly face the challenge of more visitors and urbanization. Originality/value Guidelines for enhancing community involvement in cultural heritage management of the park were proposed.

The Role of the Archeological Heritage Sites in the Process of Urban Regeneration of UNESCO’s Cities—Boka Bay Case Study

The role of the archeological and cultural heritage sites in the process of urban regeneration in UNESCO’s protected areas becomes more and more important for the natural and cultural heritage protection in the touristic cities with urban expansion. However, there is no clear methodological approach for the inclusion of these important natural and cultural heritage sites in the process of urban regeneration of the cities. The purpose of this study is to analyze how two contemporary urban planning tools, sustainable urban mobility plans and heritage impact assessments, contribute to the protection and sustainable use of archeological sites. The methodology that is used in this study is dual, theoretical, through literature review, and empirical, through the appliance of the case study method and expert observation and mapping of the most valuable archeological sites in Boka Bay. The results of this study show that practical usage of the two proposed tools in the process of urban regeneration could help in cultural and natural heritage protection and their inclusion as drivers of sustainable urban planning and cultural heritage management. The results of the study confirm the authors’ hypothesis that the role of the archeological sites in the process of urban regeneration is evident in the touristic cities in the coastal area of Montenegro, concluding that urban mobility principles and heritage impact assessment studies must be considered in the process of urban regeneration while at the same time cultural (archeological) heritage management is an integral part of this process.

The Lebanese-Italian Archaeological Project in the Region of Tyre: A Landscape Approach to Archaeology and History

The Lebanese-Italian Archaeological Project in the Region of Tyre is a collaboration between the Director¬ate-General of Antiquities, Sapienza University of Rome, and the Lebanese University, on archaeological research and cultural heritage protection and promotion in the areas to the east and south of the present-day Tyre peninsula, represented, respectively, by Tell Mashouk, Shawakeer, and Ras el-Ain. These regions, which are traditionally connected with the historical quest for Palaeo-Tyre, must have played an important role in the development of Tyre through the ages; however, little archaeological investigation has been car¬ried out there in the past. Therefore, the Lebanese-Italian Archaeological Project in the Region of Tyre aim is to study patterns of human occupation, land and sea use, and water management in this coastal landscape in the environs of Tyre with a multi-level analytical approach. In this article we outline the geographic, topographical, and historical backgrounds of the project’s areas, summarize past research there, and give an overview of the project’s wider scopes and general aims. This will provide the framework to contextualize, present, and discuss our landscape approach to the study of archaeology and history of the greater Tyre region from a methodological point of view. We will also discuss its implications for sustainable cultural heritage protection and promotion in this unique maritime landscape of southern Lebanon.

A Living Heritage Approach Toward Sustainability of Islamic City in The Northern Coastal of Java, Indonesia

Cultural diversity is one of the global issue underlined by UN. Indonesia known as a very rich country has more than 300 ethnic cultures. One of them is Islamic architecture and cities that spread in the North Coast of Java. In the span of 6 centuries, we can still witness the existence of these works as living heritage that saves tangible and intangible culture. The role of the community is very significant which are take care, plan and develop for the next generation. However, the changes that have occurred are caused by urbanization, and the shift in the political and economic map poses a threat to the sustainability of this legacy. The purpose of writing this article is to provide views on the importance of an approach to the process of preserving living cultural heritage by involving community participation in order to maintain the sustainability of cultural heritage. The locus in the North Coast of Java is based on the consideration that the cities in this region inherit the distinctive Islamic culture of the Coastal Java and its dynamics. The digital-legacy approach combines the use of information technology in this case is Web GIS for archiving artifact data. Meanwhile, the living heritage approach encourages community participation to play an active role with stakeholders on an ongoing basis in the preservation of artifacts. Kudus Kulon is an interesting and unique case with the Gusjigang community who have cared for Omah Joglo Pencu for almost three centuries. Architectural sustainability – Muslim cities include historical and cultural sustainability, function, and maintenance

Sustainable Vacation Industry Mobility Criteria in Heritage Cultural Natural Conserved Areas

<span class='IJASEITAbstractHeadingChar'><span lang='EN-GB'>Transportation and tourism cannot be separated. Both often lack the attention and cooperation of the stakeholders involved. Although each stakeholder has different goals and criteria, they need to work together to achieve the sustainability of tourism destinations. Nature-protected tourism objects and cultural heritage areas have a key role as conservation and tourism areas with specific criteria for preserving natural values, cultural heritage values, and other positive impacts of tourists visiting local communities. Transportation policies as a guideline of tourist mobility must ensure the sustainability of these values. The success of making transportation policy decisions must be supported by all actors involved with their respective goals and criteria. Therefore, multi-criteria are needed to measure transportation policies on tourist mobility in sustainable destinations. This paper examines the criteria for transportation policies that support mobility in sustainable nature tourism and cultural heritage protected areas using a multi-actor participatory method. The criterion rating is determined by the number of stakeholders involved and the score assigned by the stakeholders against the selected criteria. The results show that the highest to lowest criteria rank are as follows: comprehensive planning, transportation system Integration, safety, and security, visitor management, accessibility, various transport systems, supporting local entrepreneurs, supporting cultural events, low-impact transportation, operational efficiency, protection of cultural assets, visitors experience and transport equality.</span></span>

Planning for a Sustainable Cultural Heritage Sector in a New Age

This paper was prepared as part of the special collection on COVID-19 and the museum. The authors discuss the risks and uncertainties that the pandemic has introduced into the master planning process for cultural sites and resources. The paper concludes with reflections on how the heritage and cultural sector can best cope with these new realities.

Economic Consequences of Student’s Views on Cultural Heritage Goods

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to anticipate the choices declared by current students in order-to evaluate the significance of these choices in formulating regional de-velopment policies and programs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The cultural heritage value was analyzed from the re-spondents' awareness of their individual needs. The question then arises as if and to what extent students of non-humanistic faculties are aware of the personal benefits gained from utilizing cultural heritage components and how they define the needs satisfied by these manifestations. The survey aimed to examine to what extent the issues of cultural heritage goods utilization were considered in terms of the interests of the modern generation of technical university students. Findings: It was determined to what extent the perception of cultural heritage goods among graduates-to-be of non-human studies is driven by economic thinking. Practical Implications: To be used by government officials to promote cultural heritage. Originality/Value: Since current students' social and economic choices will affect the fu-ture economy, their views should be taken into-account when designing and implementing regional development policies and programs that involve cultural heritage sustainability.

Balancing sustainable development and cultural heritage preservation: luxury burial legacies in Singapore

PurposeThe paper aims to provide up-to-date analysis on how a country like Singapore, with a rich tangible and intangible cultural heritage associated with burial customs, approaches heritage preservation while ensuring modernisation and sustainable growth.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is an exploratory analysis of the association between cultural heritage preservation, particularly the one associated with elaborate burials, and the need for modernisation in Singapore. It mainly uses desk research tools, fieldwork and interviews with death services providers to build a set of conclusions. It employs a historical review approach and uses comparative analyses with other countries in the Asian region to substantiate the arguments.FindingsThe paper provides insights about how, since its independence, Singapore has switched to pragmatic models of growth and development which imply maximising the limited space available, often at the cost of precious cultural heritage. The rapid development has had a significant impact on the country's burial customs and legacies, particularly on elaborate graves and tombs, which traditionally use a considerable amount of space. The analysis concludes that Singapore is in the constant challenge of exploring alternative ways of handling death and its ramifications.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new outlook on the relationship between the preservation of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage associated with death practices and a sustainable approach to modernisation in the context of Singapore.

Social sustainability of cultural heritage: Erzurum great mosque (Atabey mosque)

PurposeValuable historical monuments have important potential in the context of cultural tourism in cities. In addition, for the protection of these structures, in terms of ensuring social and cultural sustainability, it is also important to transfer these values to future generations.Design/methodology/approachThe social and cultural sustainability of Erzurum Great Mosque is investigated by viewing the social and cultural sustainability of the mosque through the factors created by Chan and Lee and the criteria created by Stubbs.FindingsAs a result, the social and cultural sustainability of Erzurum Great Mosque is revealed, allowing us to propose what should be done to transfer the values of this structure, which has historical and cultural significance, and the culture it represents to future generations.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature as to evaluate a historical building, in terms of social–cultural sustainability.

Methods of Promoting Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism: Empirical Study: Abu Mina Archaeological Site in Alexandria

This research discusses sustainable cultural heritage tourism, the factors of its deterioration and the sustainability of its preservation. Sustainable tourism development is one of the modern trends that emerged as a result of the negative changes that the environment of tourist destinations has witnessed in the recent period. In various tourism destinations to overcome the negatives resulting from tourism development, which resulted in the use of sustainable tourism development tools, one of whose pillars is planning. However, the heritage areas are generally exposed to many challenges, most of which are related to the struggle between investing them as tourist destinations and preserving their architectural identity, which has become vulnerable for many reasons. The heritage areas in many countries have been subjected to cultural changes that led to their deterioration, but as of the twentieth century. The emergence of intellectual currents calling for the preservation of heritage areas, due to the national wealth that these areas represent. The tourism sector plays an important role in achieving economic and social development by providing job opportunities, introducing hard currencies and contributing to the general output.