Sustainable Housing Research Articles

Supply chain management and operational efficiency in affordable housing: An integrated review

Effective supply chain management (SCM) and operational efficiency are critical to the successful delivery of affordable housing projects. This integrated review explores how SCM and operational practices impact the development and sustainability of affordable housing, highlighting strategies that enhance project efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Supply chain management in affordable housing involves coordinating the flow of materials, information, and services from suppliers to construction sites. Efficient SCM ensures that resources are delivered on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards, which is crucial for maintaining project schedules and controlling costs. Key components of SCM in this sector include procurement, logistics, inventory management, and supplier relationship management. Effective SCM practices help mitigate risks related to delays, cost overruns, and quality issues. Operational efficiency in affordable housing focuses on optimizing construction processes, minimizing waste, and enhancing productivity. This involves adopting best practices in construction management, such as lean construction techniques, modular and prefabricated building methods, and advanced project management tools. Operational efficiency also extends to the management of workforce resources, ensuring that labor is effectively utilized and that productivity is maximized. The review integrates insights from various case studies and industry reports to illustrate how SCM and operational efficiency practices can be applied in affordable housing projects. For instance, the adoption of just-in-time inventory systems and the use of technology for real-time tracking and coordination have proven effective in reducing costs and improving delivery times. Additionally, lean construction methods have demonstrated their potential in enhancing project efficiency and reducing waste. However, challenges remain, including supply chain disruptions, fluctuating material costs, and coordination issues among stakeholders. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative approach, involving stakeholders such as developers, contractors, suppliers, and policymakers. In conclusion, effective supply chain management and operational efficiency are essential for the successful development of affordable housing. By adopting best practices and leveraging technology, stakeholders can improve project outcomes, reduce costs, and enhance the overall efficiency of affordable housing projects. This integrated review underscores the importance of SCM and operational practices in achieving sustainable and cost-effective housing solutions.

Sustainable Vertical Housing Based on Social and Cultural Activities

The development of vertical housing is currently a response to the problem of population increase. People with low incomes (MBR) who have a range of restrictions, from knowledge gaps to financial difficulties, are typically the ones who live in vertical housing in developing nations like Indonesia. Due to misunderstandings about residents' social and cultural behavior and activities addressing the culture of living in multi-story residences, there are many issues with vertical housing these days, particularly those pertaining to disorganization and improper use of space. The careless use of hallways, which leaves them cluttered with trash, clotheslines, and the possessions of residents, is one issue that frequently arises. This study will outline the issues with vertical housing in Bandung City and provide examples of well-designed housing in the past. The study aims to offer best practices for bridging the gap between the existing conditions and the vertical housing usage pattern. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the findings will lead to both intelligent spatial utilization and sustainable architectural design solutions.

Cost-Related Drivers and Barriers of Passivhaus: A Systematic Literature Review

Passivhaus (PH) has gained global recognition for its energy-efficient features despite a 5% to 10% higher construction cost than traditional houses, especially within European countries. However, its adoption and popularity have not met the same fate in other countries like New Zealand. The higher upfront cost has been critical to the slow adoption of the PH movement in New Zealand. This study aimed to demystify the mist around the cost of PHs with a focus on the effects of drivers and barriers on their life cycle costs (LCCs). As such, a systematic literature review was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cost implications associated with PH. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) review method, we examined 71 past studies on PHs from 2005 to 2023. We found that the drivers of PHs include reduced heating demand, increased thermal comfort, and indoor air quality (IAQ). Research showed that the rising market for PHs is fueled by climate change, environmental awareness, innovative materials and technologies, individual commitment, improved regulations, pilot studies, research efforts, and governmental funding and initiatives. However, PHs face significant challenges such as increased complexity, advanced technology, higher initial investments compared to conventional and low-energy houses, national requirements, overheating, difficulties in affording the technologies, and a lack of options in the market. Despite the wealth of research on the economic aspects of PH, there is a lack of in-depth studies exploring the LCC of PHs focusing on cost commitments and benefits. Such studies are essential for assessing and optimising the cost-effectiveness of PH, considering different climates and regions, and comparing them with other low energy standards. The findings of our review provide a crucial focus for PH stakeholders in assessing the long-term financial viability of PH projects, thereby improving decision-making and facilitating effective planning for sustainable and cost-effective housing.

Cross-Country Analysis of Inflation Experiences and Homeownership: A Qualitative Review

This qualitative literature review examines the relationship between inflation experiences and homeownership across countries. Drawing on a synthesis of existing research, the review explores how historical inflation contexts influence individuals' decisions to invest in real estate. Findings indicate that periods of high inflation often motivate individuals to view homeownership as a hedge against inflationary pressures, particularly in economies with volatile economic conditions. Institutional factors, such as mortgage market structures and housing policies, play a crucial role in shaping this relationship, influencing overall homeownership rates across different regions. Immigrant populations bring unique perspectives, as their housing decisions in host countries are influenced by inflation experiences in their countries of origin. The review highlights methodological diversity and calls for more longitudinal and cross-country studies to enhance the robustness and generalizability of findings. Addressing these dynamics can provide insights into effective policy interventions aimed at promoting sustainable housing markets globally.

Post-COVID-19 Era, 15th Minutes City New Urban Model Changing Housing Design and Models

This research centered on the transition from sustainability to the post-COVID-19 era, significantly altered and transformed cities, city plans, and housing models holistically approach. Although the academic world concentrating on sustainable urban and housing design since the 1990s, the pandemic has emerged as a critical paradigm shift in context since 2019. During the COVID-19 period the Paris city 15 minutes concept, first introduced by Paris Mayor A. Hidalgo initially sparked controversy as temporary now considered permanent in Paris recently, Oxford. In the post-pandemic era, sustainability has become significant on the global agenda, shaping cities, city models, and residences through profound and radical changes. Some efforts are supported by Climate-change conferences in the world and subsequently some determinations like the Paris Agreement and UN declarations that guide more livable environments and houses. Due to COVID-19 the newly emerged conditions and compulsory changes that have taken place in the cities the social isolation, distance living, and remote working led to radical changes in the living style, environment, city plans, housing models, and typologies holistically. Although many publications have been published in the last few years about the pandemic and the Paris City 15 minutes concept, they only address the city and urban scale solutions. There is no research with a holistic approach that relates the subject from the urban scale to the architectural scale, housing, and blocks. Within the 15-minute concept, searched, developed, innovative, and sustainable urban and housing-oriented suggestions for cities in the future are presented at the end of the research. In conclusion, it is revealed that the issue of sustainability has gained importance with an increasing momentum in the world agenda, witnessed the radical changes in cities and residences, in the post-COVID-19 period in the last 2-3 years.

Economic and social impact of affordable housing policies: A comparative review

Affordable housing policies play a pivotal role in shaping the economic and social landscapes of nations, especially in the context of growing urbanization and income inequality. This comparative review examines the economic and social impacts of various affordable housing policies across different countries, providing a comprehensive analysis of their effectiveness and broader implications. Economic impacts of affordable housing policies are multifaceted, influencing job creation, economic growth, and household stability. By increasing the supply of affordable housing, these policies can stimulate construction and related industries, leading to significant job creation and economic activity. Affordable housing also enhances household stability by reducing housing costs, allowing for greater disposable income and increased consumer spending. This review explores how policies such as tax incentives, subsidies, and inclusionary zoning have been utilized to promote affordable housing development and their resultant economic benefits. Social impacts of affordable housing policies are equally significant, affecting community cohesion, health outcomes, and educational attainment. Stable and affordable housing contributes to improved mental and physical health by reducing stress and exposure to poor living conditions. Furthermore, it enhances educational outcomes for children by providing a stable home environment conducive to learning. This review discusses policies such as rent control, public housing initiatives, and housing vouchers, highlighting their role in fostering social inclusion and reducing disparities. Case studies from diverse regions, including the United States, Singapore, and Brazil, illustrate the varied approaches and outcomes of affordable housing policies. In the United States, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program has been instrumental in increasing affordable housing supply and promoting economic development in underserved areas. Singapore's Housing and Development Board (HDB) has successfully provided high-quality, affordable housing to a majority of its population, significantly enhancing social stability. Brazil's Minha Casa Minha Vida program showcases how large-scale public housing initiatives can address housing deficits and improve living standards for low-income families. The review concludes that while affordable housing policies have distinct economic and social impacts, their success largely depends on contextual factors such as policy design, implementation strategies, and local economic conditions. Policymakers must consider these factors to create effective and sustainable housing solutions that promote both economic prosperity and social well-being. Keywords: Economic, Social: Impact, Affordable Housing, Policies.

Design With, Not For, Local Community: Utilizing e-Participation Tools in the Design of Socially Sustainable Vertical Emirati Public Housing

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is slowly transitioning from traditional single-family public housing to a ‘vertical’ typology to meet the increasing demand on public housing, solve the problem of the scarcity of land in urban areas, and contribute to achieving its local agenda for sustainable development goals. However, the direct involvement of Emirati residents in the design process of the recently developed limited number of vertical public housing projects has been missing. This research aims to involve a sample of Emirati residents, representing the targeted category for vertical public housing, in the pre-occupancy evaluation of the design of Al Ghurfa, the very recently developed vertical public housing project, focusing mainly on assessing the attainment of social sustainability in this design. The research method included four phases, including initiating a conceptual framework from relevant literature reviews, digitalizing the case study design, developing the conventional and e-Participation interview scenarios and scripts, and selecting a sample of Emirati young citizens who participated in the study. The results of the study successfully highlighted the participating residents’ preferences and concerns regarding the design of the investigated pioneering vertical public housing project. The findings revealed the interviewed citizens’ perceptions of the investigated social sustainability principles in the vertical housing design pertaining to mixed-use development within and outside the vertical residential building, social integration among neighbors of the building, vertical and horizontal accessibility inside and outside the building, security measures for the residents of the buildings and their privacy, design measures of the high-quality living environments, the user-responsive design of the housing units, and the importance of their involvement in the design. This helped propose a set of recommended design actions for attaining social sustainability in vertical housing design tailored to the specific needs of Emirati residents. The research has also revealed the successful merger between the conventional and advanced e-Participation tools in involving the residents in assessing the professional design of vertical public housing as a new emerging typology that is expected to prevail in the near future.

Living under the same roof: The impact of housemates on sustainable shared housing tenancy in Shanghai’s condominiums

ABSTRACT Young adults with difficulties finding affordable housing have increasingly been choosing to rent in the private sector and share housing with unknown individuals. Shared living arrangements allow these young single tenants to reduce their housing expenses while enjoying a shared lifestyle that encourages social interaction with a diverse group of housemates. However, physical proximity does not guarantee social proximity, as people may encounter undesirable housemates. Using a rich dataset of shared housing tenancies in Shanghai, China, this study examines how the characteristics of housemates influences tenants’ decision to terminate their shared housing tenancy before its expiration. Our results show that the similarity of housemates in age, gender, occupation, and birthplace reduces the probability of an early termination of the shared tenancy. The impact of housemate similarity measured in the four dimensions is further augmented by tenants’ bargaining power and individual characteristics. Since early tenancy termination increases the vacancy rate in shared housing, sharing with undesirable housemates incurs significant social costs. This study sheds light on how residents living in proximity can share urban space effectively to facilitate sustained shared housing tenancies and suggests the need for policy solutions that are tailored to the needs of shared housing renters.

Uncovering the determinants of bottom-up CO2 emissions among households in Türkiye: Analysis and policy recommendations

Amid escalating global concerns surrounding climate change, the transportation sector has garnered the attention of stakeholders. Double-hurdle censored models were employed in this study to elucidate the relationship between the probability of private fuel expenditure and expenditure levels and household characteristics to determine the factors contributing to household-based CO2 emissions. Remarkably, nearly two-thirds of the 38 factors examined contributed to the emitters, and almost all emitters were identified as statistically significant. This alarming situation underscores the importance of formulating family based green transformation policies. If successful, these policies can ignite transformative momentum. Consequently, understanding household transportation expenditure from a bottom-up perspective can provide invaluable insights into crafting a comprehensive set of top-line policy recommendations for innovation and marketing strategies in the transport and energy sectors. Measures such as incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles through economic incentives, expanding public transportation networks, and implementing sustainable housing policies have immense potential to effectively reduce private fuel expenditure. When implemented holistically, these strategies can pave the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.

A systematic review on the role of nature-based solutions (NbS) in housing delivery in Africa

Purpose The study aims to examine the potential benefits of integrating nature-based solutions (NbS) in the housing sector. Design/methodology/approach The approach adopted was a systematic literature review aided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews criteria and the VOSviewer software. Abductive reasoning was used to analyze the collected data, which was then subjected to content analysis through an iterative read-and-review procedure. Findings The study identified green walls, indoor greenery, porous pavement and landscaping, rainwater harvesting and water purification and green roofs as elements of buildings where NbS should be incorporated. Although nature-based research on integrated greenery facades and roof applications was noted, rainwater harvesting and water purification-oriented research remained dominant. These findings demonstrate the advantages of implementing NbS in the housing sector, including energy efficiency, environmental development, flood prevention and sustainable water management. Integrating NbS into housing designs can considerably contribute to the creation of more resilient, eco-friendly and comfortable living environments. However, the adoption of NbS faces hurdles, including a lack of awareness, limited policy support and economic constraints. Practical implications This study recommends that NbS be mainstreamed into housing development and knowledge exchange opportunities between sub-Saharan Africa and Europe, as well as other regions, to promote the adoption of NbS through research and collaborations. Also, it contributes to the discourse of sustainable affordable housing in the Global South while addressing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 11, 12, 13 and 15. This study offers valuable guidance to stakeholders, thereby fostering the development of more sustainable and resilient housing practices and policies. Originality/value The study used VOSviewer software visualization to identify structural patterns and track prominent research frontiers, allowing for a more thorough yet concise mapping and capture of a scientific knowledge domain.

Bioclimatic Design Strategies For Housing in Areas Affected by Natural Events

Objective: The objective of this study was a housing design with bioclimatic criteria and construction technology with traditional materials to propose an appropriate solution for families that suffered damage from the 2017 earthquakes in Oaxaca, Mexico. Method: A climatic characterization of the site was carried out to obtain bioclimatic strategies for the housing design. Analysis methods were used to validate these strategies such as comfort triangles and Mahoney tables. The housing was designed considering the resulting strategies and prioritized passive ones. Results and conclusions: It was obtained that for the study area the main strategies for the housing design are natural cross ventilation, thermal inertia in walls and ceilings and solar radiation during the cold months. The study highlights the importance of implementing bioclimatic design strategies according to the climatic context that promote the improvement of the habitability level of housing. Implications of the research: The research contributes to the design of a sustainable housing model for families affected in their patrimony by the action of earthquakes in the study area considering the environmental conditions, in addition to promoting the conservation of traditional architecture and construction systems. Originality/value: In the area of sustainability and the environment, a housing design was proposed that adopts practices that minimize the environmental impact and ensures that the new houses are energy efficient and environmentally friendly and adapt to climate change.

Beyond Shelter: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Canada’s Housing Crisis

The affordable housing crisis in Canada has reached a critical juncture, with far-reaching consequences for individuals, families, and communities across the nation. As property prices soar and income levels fail to keep pace, an increasing number of Canadians find themselves struggling to secure suitable housing. This opinion article argues that addressing the affordable housing crisis requires a comprehensive approach that involves the collaborative efforts of governments, architects, and builders. The article examines the multifaceted nature of the affordable housing crisis, highlighting its impact on various socioeconomic groups and the challenges faced in finding solutions. It emphasizes the importance of affordable housing in fostering economic stability, promoting health and well-being, bolstering educational outcomes, and nurturing social cohesion and community development. The government's role in addressing the housing affordability crisis is discussed, focusing on the burden of government fees and taxes, zoning and regulatory compliance, and proposals to mitigate their impact. The article advocates for reforming fees, implementing policy alterations, and adopting a proactive and collaborative approach to create a more conducive environment for affordable housing development. The architects' role in addressing the housing affordability crisis is explored, highlighting the potential of architectural design competitions in promoting innovation, community engagement, and recognizing excellence in affordable housing design. The article emphasizes the importance of architectural innovation and creativity in envisioning and designing sustainable, community-centric housing solutions that cater to residents' psychological and social needs. The role of builders and developers in addressing the housing affordability crisis is also examined, with a focus on integrating sustainability for cost reduction, adopting new construction methods and materials, forming public-private partnerships for sustainable housing projects, and investing in education and training for sustainable practices. The article concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for a collective commitment to action, demanding bold leadership, creative thinking, and unwavering determination to build a future where every Canadian has access to safe, adequate, and affordable housing. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach that addresses the direct and indirect factors contributing to the housing affordability crisis, ultimately cultivating a more equitable and sustainable housing market that benefits current and future homeowners while bolstering the overall economic and social well-being of the nation.

Creating Resilient Smart Homes with a Heart: Sustainable, Technologically Advanced Housing across the Lifespan and Frailty through Inclusive Design for People and Their Robots

The design of age-friendly homes benefits vulnerable groups, such as frail people and older adults. Advances in smart home technologies, including robots, have important synergies with homes designed for health needs. Yet, focus on environmental and sustainable housing design and improvements misses important opportunities for collective impact. Stronger involvement of disciplines, such as those from the built environment for technological integration within homes and effects on space and the community, is needed. There is a need for a unified framework integrating the needs and factors of the resident, smart home technologies and robots, and the built environment, and that includes the concept of a “home”. With the remodeling of housing towards sustainable and environmental targets, as well as advances in smart home technologies such as robots, the timeliness of shared input for the benefit of residents now and in the future is of the essence. This would help target future research into effective and optimized cohabitation with technology within homes for the purpose of improving the wellbeing of residents.

Modeling the Role of Courtyards with Clusters of Buildings in Enhancing Sustainable Housing Designs

As urbanization increases, buildings require greater amounts of energy for heating and cooling, thereby necessitating the search for effective solutions. The courtyard is often considered a viable option; however, the limited availability and high cost of land resulting from rapid urbanization hinder its widespread use. Consequently, a courtyard with a cluster of buildings is proposed as a feasible solution to address land scarcity. Nonetheless, further investigation is required to effectively integrate this solution into neighborhood urban planning. This study examines the influence of three variables—courtyard orientation, courtyard size, and the arrangement of buildings around the courtyard—on the provision of cooling and heating for buildings. The research focuses on 216 experimental scenarios simulated using Revit software, which excels in its ability to accurately interpret input data and conduct real-time analysis depending on the variables of the building design. The results were recorded for the facades and ground, and the shaded area was computed for each scenario; following these measurements, the shadow areas on both the facade and ground were converted into percentages. The testing involved a group of buildings surrounding courtyards of four different shapes (square, rectangle, triangle, and circle). This approach aimed to identify the most efficient design for implementation in neighborhood planning contexts. The findings indicate that the shape of the courtyard significantly impacts cooling and heating of buildings. Specifically, the square courtyard is unsuitable for countries with Mediterranean climates, such as Jordan, as it can reduce shade coverage by 30%, leading to higher temperatures. Conversely, employing a rectangular courtyard results in a higher proportion of shadows compared to other shapes. The study further demonstrates the influence of the examined variables on the efficacy of the courtyard in cooling and heating of buildings.

A Preliminary Study of 3D Printing Home Designs for Improving Efficiency and Sustainability of Indigenous Housing in Canada

Canada has been experiencing a significant housing crisis in recent years, especially in remote and Indigenous communities, yet most of the existing construction approaches have not been rapid, sustainable, and affordable enough to meet community needs. To address this challenge, this study explores the feasibility of 3D printed (3DP) housing and develops a design that is informed by Indigenous housing requirements and is realized through a physical design prototype tailored for the implementation of 3DP homes. Site visits and community engagement were integral parts of the research to help deliver invaluable insights that guided the design process, ensuring cultural sensitivity and inclusivity. The prototyped 3DP design offers efficient and sustainable solutions customized to the unique cultural and climatic needs of Indigenous communities in Canada. The final 3DP design seamlessly integrates traditional Indigenous architectural elements, such as a circular shape inspired by pit houses, with modern construction techniques, yielding a flexible, sustainable, and culturally pertinent home design. Future research work will be focused on how the proposed 3DP design can be adapted to enable mass customization to accommodate the diverse needs and preferences of Indigenous communities across Canada.

Addressing urban social and spatial stratification: testing the potential for integration of public housing

The legacy of public housing in the American city is dominated by a condition of social and spatial stratification. In New York City, inadequate funding exacerbates the conditions of isolated public housing residents, raising questions about the stability and sustainability of public housing. At a time when a severe housing crisis is impacting on the affordability of and access to urban housing generally, addressing this legacy of public housing can be the impetus for a long-term vision that integrates public housing into the fabric of the city, providing new housing options for public housing residents while merging them into mixed-income neighbourhoods with redefined public spaces and increased services and amenities. This approach to a long-term vision, built around high-density mid-rise development, contrasts with the incremental approach currently expedient due to the social and political climate surrounding public housing. However, current resistance to an aggressive strategy belies another part of the legacy of public housing: the major demolition of city streets and blocks that made possible the anti-urban planning that undergirds this isolation and stratification. Empirical evidence supports urban design that builds on the nineteenth-century city’s urban form of small blocks and active streets as the foundation for vital urban neighbourhoods. This study of the political and urban design efforts to address the severe challenges facing public housing tests the potential for a path, when the political and social climate allows, for an aggressive strategy to preserve public housing that centres on social and spatial integration.

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RETROFITTING ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF CHINA

The construction industry is one of the primary sources of carbon emissions. In the context of the global response to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the impacts of climate change,China implements the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralisation policy. The policy vigorously promotes energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction industry, particularly housing. Due to the large stock of existing old multi-storey residential buildings in China, most of which are not energy-saving, and the lack of a sustainable assessment framework to retrofit such buildings, it is deemed essential to analyse the shortcomings of the current assessment standards and frameworks and formulate a better alternative. Therefore, this paper aims to provide the rationale for proposing a sustainability assessment framework for retrofitting old multi-storey residential buildings in China. It first explains the concepts of sustainable development and housing, then combs the current Chinese government’s commitments to sustainable housing agenda. The unsustainable state of this housing type is then reviewed, followed by the issues and gaps in the existing sustainable building assessment standards in China and overseas to justify the necessity of developing a sustainability assessment framework for retrofitting multistorey residential buildings in China. This framework would assist the retrofit of old multistorey residential buildings in reducing energy consumption, improving efficiency and achieving sustainable development. It also contributes to the body of knowledge in sustainable building assessments and helps in the planning and design processes within the public and private sectors related to the construction industry.

A REVIEW ON SUSTAINABLE AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA: ONE STEP TO BUILD A GOOD ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENT

Affordable housing, economic growth, and environmental protection are India's urban development priorities. The housing sector of India holds the third largest position among other industries. India needs inexpensive, sustainable housing for economic and environmental reasons. The definition of affordable housing has been discussed as given by the government schemes and authorities. Urbanisation, infrastructure, and housing shortages affect India's housing business. According to a government technical study from 2011, there was an 18.76-million-unit shortfall in metropolitan areas, with 96% of those units belonging to EWS and LIG. However, it doesn’t consider nondurable and rental houses, which further increases the housing demand. To address such issues, the central government has launched various sustainable affordable housing policies to integrate sustainability, affordability, and inclusion into architecture and construction. ‘Housing for all’ is one of the government schemes launched in June 2015 which promotes affordable housing and technology in the sector. Housing and allied industries play a significant role to boost GDP, jobs, and communities. Energy-efficient technology, waste management, green spaces, and sustainable building reduce housing developments' environmental impact. These activities reduce carbon emissions and strengthen urban climate change resilience, saving the environment. The research stresses social inclusion to provide affordable housing to low-income, women, and vulnerable people. Housing inclusivity promotes equity in the society. India's sustainable, affordable housing schemes are analysed, and gaps are identified. Public-private partnerships, subsidies, and governments encourage sustainable housing. Finally, affordable housing benefits India's economy and environment. This study underlines the necessity to incorporate economic, environmental, and social factors into housing laws and practices to solve India's housing crisis. It further mentions Sustainable, affordable housing will boost India's economy, environment, and the quality of life holistically.

The Impact of Sustainable Housing Infrastructure and Church Growth: The Unexplored Potentials and the Way Forward (Real Estate Approach)

Abstract: This study is basically targeted towards examining the impact of Sustainable Housing Infrastructure and Church Growth, identifying both internalities and externalities that makes for revamping and rebranding church properties for a healthy and sustainable environment through employing modern technicalities and framework that reveals and explore latent property values imbedded in church properties (housing). The input should touché across the basic dimensions of sustainability which is environment, economy, social and cultural. These considerations will go through a process, if well harness will deliver a desired output that encompasses availability, affordability, durability and harmony. The paper relied on literature review for textual data in support of sustainable infrastructural development. The findings reveal that the church can be remodel using some technological techniques which are environmental friendly, economically accessible, socially accommodating and culturally harmonious. The paper solicits for a more committed Christian efforts and inclusive review and participation in providing sustainable housing infrastructure in the church.

Enabling Industry 4.0 Technologies to Drive Sustainable Housing Delivery across the Housing Supply Value Chain in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Prospects

The Saudi government has launched the Saudi Vision 2030 that aims to increase the home ownership rate to 70% by 2030 by taking the different sustainability goals into consideration. However, several challenges such as rapid urbanization and the gap between housing supply and demand are facing this goal. This study attributes the housing supply gap to KSA’s reductionist approach to the housing supply value chain (HSVC) and proposes adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. The study explores the challenges and prospects of integrating these technologies for sustainable housing delivery across the HSVC. Through action research, data were gathered via random sampling and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 24, incorporating a principal component analysis (PCA). The findings from the analysis identify key challenges such as data management infrastructure, construction industry regulations, uncertain housing delivery policies, and resistance to change. Despite these challenges, there is a strong potential for adopting Industry 4.0 technologies to achieve sustainable housing delivery. This study offers a blueprint for policymakers and housing industry leaders to develop a comprehensive strategy for adopting 4IR technologies in housing delivery, enhancing collaboration and driving progress towards Saudi Arabia’s sustainable housing goals.