Survey Research Study Research Articles

Physician Assistant Student Preceptors and Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Perceptions and Readiness to Teach.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) inclusion in medical education is increasing, and understanding of clinical educators' perceptions and use patterns is needed. The purpose of this research project was to explore current use, interest, knowledge, perceptions, and readiness to teach POCUS from the perspectives of clinical preceptors for physician assistant (PA) students. A survey research study was completed on previously identified preceptors. Descriptive statistics outlined the frequencies of responses. Bivariate analysis with Chi-Square or Fischer Exact Testing was used to identify statistically significant differences between groupings. Most preceptors (87.1%) believe POCUS adds clinical value, but a minority received POCUS training (37%), are familiarity with its use (37.4%), and currently use POCUS (23.4%). Two-thirds (66.1%) of preceptors stated they would allow PA students to practice POCUS skills on clinical rotation; however, few (31%) felt comfortable with this and even fewer (22.6%) felt comfortable findings on POCUS into their clinical decision making. Despite support of incorporation of POCUS into PA education, clinical preceptors' readiness to teach POCUS on clinical rotations is limited. This study shows that preceptors are neither comfortable with student use nor incorporating student findings into clinical decision making. A lack of sufficient clinical preceptors to support POCUS education has not been previously reported. PA programs attempting to incorporate POCUS into their curricula will need to be intentional providing opportunities to continue POCUS on clinical rotations.

Owner’s Perceptions and Experiences with Cat Behavior and Care: A Survey

This is a quantitative observational and survey research study of social interactions between domestic cats and humans in their home environment. Only statistically analysed data is included, and hypotheses are tested. In other situations, observational data has been paired with subjective judgements of the animals' character and owner personality qualities acquired independently by the owners to help interpret the data. All of the social interactions between cats and humans detailed here imply that the animals were socialised with people as kittens. Such socialised cats exhibit "friendliness to humans," which affects human attachment to the cat. People can sense the visual and aural behavioural characteristics needed to communicate and engage with other cats, and the cats use them while engaging with them. The initiation and initiator of social interactions between cats and humans have been demonstrated to influence both the duration of the interaction phase and the total interaction time in the relationship. Compliance with the partner's interactional "wishes" is positively associated between cats and humans in all human cat dyads studied. Cats do not spontaneously choose one gender or age cohort of people, but the humans in those cohorts behave differently from the cats, causing the latter to react differently. The dyadic interaction pattern has also been demonstrated to differ between men and women, as well as between older and younger people. Nonetheless, cats not just their presence but also their behavior alter human moods, and human mood differences have been found to affect cat behavior. Finally, owners' thoughts and experiences contribute to positive relationships and care for their cats.

The Extent of Knowledge, Preparedness and Perception of Telemedicine among Family Medicine Residents in Cebu City during COVID-19

Telemedicine is providing healthcare services using electronic means at a distance including the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases as well as the research and evaluation, and education of healthcare providers. Its role in the time of the pandemic is vital, especially to the practice of medicine. This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey research study conducted in four hospital training institutions in Cebu City. A total of 41 respondents gave their consent and were given the online survey questionnaire about the extent of knowledge, preparedness and perceptions of telemedicine. Out of the 41 respondents, 56.10% were young adults (26-30 years old), mostly females (70.73%), single (68.29%), first-year residents (43.90%), employed at a government hospital (70.73%) and are in the traditional residency pathway (82.93%). On relevant experience, 82.93% experienced telemedicine during residency, with 100% on follow-up consultations, and 95% were consulted due to infections. Respondents’ extent of knowledge was average while the extent of preparedness and perception were high. Problems with low connectivity (80.48%) were noted by most of the respondents. Resident physicians moderately understood the information about telemedicine but with a high extent of preparedness and perception. Challenges to low connectivity and handling patients’ data privacy were the major concerns met by the resident physicians in the use of telemedicine.

Perceived Proficiencies Possessed by Brickwork/ Block Laying Prospective Graduates in Nigerian Technical Colleges

This study examined proficiencies possessed by brickwork/ block laying prospective graduates in Nigerian technical colleges. The descriptive survey research study was guided by two research questions. The study was carried out in Ekiti State with 25 participants. Practical Skills in Brickwork/ Block laying Questionnaire (PSBBQ) containing 10 items was the instrument developed and used for data collection. It was validated by 3 experts and tested to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.87 using Cronbach Alpha. The PSBBQ was used for collecting data from 25 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions raised for the study. The study found that brickwork/ block laying prospective graduates are deficient in building drawing skills. The study recommended that that technical colleges be well equipped both in human and material resources needed for training the students to become proficient graduates.

The Influence of Parenting Styles on Child Development

The Influence of Parenting Styles on Child Development is a quantitative survey research study that investigates the intricate connection between parenting styles and their profound impact on the development of children. Employing a convenient sampling technique, the study involved a sample size of 150(83 males, 67 females) parents, aiming to explore the diverse parenting styles and their potential implications for child development across various domains. This research examines four primary parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful, each characterized by distinct combinations of parental warmth and control. By surveying and analyzing the responses and behaviors of participating parents, the study illuminates the far-reaching influence of these parenting styles on child development. In terms of cognitive development, the study's findings reveal significant differences based on parenting style. Authoritative parenting, characterized by high levels of warmth and reasonable control, is associated with positive cognitive outcomes in children. Such children tend to exhibit better problem-solving skills, higher academic achievement, and greater intellectual curiosity. Conversely, authoritarian parenting, which emphasizes strict control and lacks warmth, tends to yield children with increased anxiety, lower self-esteem, and diminished cognitive growth. Emotional development is another critical dimension explored in this research. Children raised by authoritative parents typically demonstrate enhanced emotional regulation and resilience. On the contrary, children subjected to authoritarian parenting often struggle with emotional expression and may face challenges in forming healthy emotional bonds. The study also delves into social development, highlighting the profound impact of parenting styles in this realm. Authoritative parenting contributes to the development of socially competent and well-adjusted children, while authoritarian parenting may lead to social withdrawal or aggressive behavior in children. The research underscores the importance of a balanced and supportive approach to parenting in fostering healthy social relationships and interpersonal skills. Overall, this quantitative survey research study sheds light on the pivotal role of parenting styles in shaping the trajectory of child development. Its findings underscore the significance of authoritative parenting, which combines warmth and appropriate levels of control, as an effective approach to nurturing well-rounded and thriving children.

Accountability in Village Government: The Role of the Internal Control System as Moderation

Objective: The importance of accountability to the Village Government has become the concern of various parties. This study evaluates how village apparatus competence, leadership style, and IT utilization encourage the village governments to be more responsible toward their mandate. It also examines how the internal control system might moderate.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: This survey research study examines 178 villages in the Indagiri Hulu Regency, Indonesia. A total of 64 villages were selected as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. SEM with PLS was used to analyze the data of the present study.
 Findings: The finding shows that the village apparatus competency, leadership style, and information technology could improve accountability. Internal controls can offset the effects of competency, leadership style, and information technology on village financial accountability.
 Implication/Originality/Value: Thus, this study contributes that the village government can improve internal control to increase the village government’s accountability.

Investigating Teacher Educators’ Perceptions on Technology Integration in Teacher Preparation Programs

The researchers focus on the TPACK framework, which is used to assess teachers' understanding of how to use technology in the classroom. The goal of the model is to define the skills and knowledge teachers need to effectively integrate technology into their lessons. Teacher educators’ can better prepare their students for the problems of the modern world by applying the TPACK. Teachers need to have a high level of the ability to integrate their knowledge of subject matter, pedagogy, with the integration of technology. In the Pakistani setting, there is still a lack of technological integration in educational settings. The purpose of this research was to determine how well teacher educators in Karachi, Pakistan, use TPACK and associated domains in their classrooms for the preparation of future teachers. Teacher educators from private teacher education institutions of Karachi were conveniently sampled for this quantitative survey research study. Data was analyzed using SPSS, and the study's measurement and structural models were put through their paces using Smart PLS. It is one of the more sophisticated programs for structural equation modeling that uses partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The study found that teachers educators' technology and technological pedagogical knowledge significantly effects on their TPACK in a positive way. Conclusions and suggestions for further research are provided for implementing the TPACK framework in teacher education programs and designing learning strategies for enhancing instructors' pedagogical skills in light of the study's findings.

Approaches to Evaluating Digital Health Technologies: Scoping Review.

Profound scientific evaluation of novel digital health technologies (DHTs) is key to enhance successful development and implementation. As such, we previously developed the eHealth evaluation cycle. The eHealth evaluation cycle contains 5 consecutive study phases: conceptual, development, feasibility, effectiveness, and implementation. The aim of this study is to develop a better understanding of the daily practice of the eHealth evaluation cycle. Therefore, the objectives are to conduct a structured analysis of literature data to analyze the practice of the evaluation study phases and to determine which evaluation approaches are used in which study phase of the eHealth evaluation cycle. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed including the MeSH term "telemedicine" in combination with a wide variety of evaluation approaches. Original peer-reviewed studies published in the year 2019 (pre-COVID-19 cohort) were included. Nonpatient-focused studies were excluded. Data on the following variables were extracted and systematically analyzed: journal, country, publication date, medical specialty, primary user, functionality, evaluation study phases, and evaluation approach. RStudio software was used to summarize the descriptive data and to perform statistical analyses. We included 824 studies after 1583 titles and abstracts were screened. The majority of the evaluation studies focused on the effectiveness (impact; 304/824, 36.9%) study phase, whereas uptake (implementation; 70/824, 8.5%) received the least focus. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 170/899, 18.9%) were the most commonly used DHT evaluation method. Within the effectiveness (impact) study phase, RCTs were used in one-half of the studies. In the conceptual and planning phases, survey research (27/78, 35%) and interview studies (27/78, 35%) were most frequently used. The United States published the largest amount of DHT evaluation studies (304/824, 36.9%). Psychiatry and mental health (89/840, 10.6%) and cardiology (75/840, 8.9%) had the majority of studies published within the field. We composed the first comprehensive overview of the actual practice of implementing consecutive DHT evaluation study phases. We found that the study phases of the eHealth evaluation cycle are unequally studied and most attention is paid to the effectiveness study phase. In addition, the majority of the studies used an RCT design. However, in order to successfully develop and implement novel DHTs, stimulating equal evaluation of the sequential study phases of DHTs and selecting the right evaluation approach that fits the iterative nature of technology might be of the utmost importance.

Hybrid learning environments for professional development in teacher education: university of calabar, nigeria as a case study

The influence of hybrid learning environments on professional development in teacher education was the focus of this paper. It also examined how professionalism in teaching relates with reflective teaching. In this paper, hybrid learning environments was defined as educational model that utilizes the benefits of both on-line and on-campus learning. All the lecturers (742) and students (2,046) of the three Faculties of Education, University of Calabar constituted the population of the study (2,788) from where a sample size of 500 (140 lecturers and 360 students) was selected. Multiple sampling methods were adopted in selecting the sample, including stratified, simple random and purposive sampling methods. A 15-item researcher made questionnaire was used to elicit data from respondents. It was a survey research study and descriptive statistics (frequency counts, weighted means, standard deviation and percentages were adopted for data analysis. A mean score of 2.00 formed the significant/acceptance level. It was found that hybrid learning environments are models of professional development in teacher education especially in the post COVID-19 pandemic. It also found that professionalism in teaching relates positively with reflective teaching. It was recommended that more learning and teaching opportunities should be created by universities and colleges for flexibility in instructional options and that continual deepening of knowledge and skills should be encouraged.

Effect of shift length on paramedic anxiety

Introduction: Paramedics frequently experience extremely stressful situations. A combination of the unknown, long shifts and witnessing human distress and tragedy can have lasting effects on the psyche of these individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference between anxiety levels experienced by paramedics who work 12-hour shifts and those working 24-hour shifts. It was hypothesised that those required to work longer shifts would experience higher levels of anxiety. Methods: This survey research study measured anxiety experienced by paramedic practitioners (n=78) at three local emergency medical services using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. A binary logistical regression analysis was used to determine whether any results met criteria for significance and to determine the odds ratio for categories that did reach significance. Results: Paramedics who worked 24-hour shifts were significantly more likely to experience moderate-to-severe anxiety than those working 12-hour shifts (P=0.042; OR 0.002). Age affects the likelihood that participants experienced moderate-to-severe anxiety (P=0.028; OR=0.594); as age increases, the likelihood of experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety decreases significantly. Conclusion: Paramedics who worked 24-hour shifts were significantly more likely to experience moderate-to-severe anxiety than those working 12-hour shifts. Age also affects whether paramedics experience moderate-to-severe anxiety; the older the individual, the better able they are at moderating their anxiety. Emergency medical service administrators are encouraged to reconsider the use of 24-hour shifts. If not already in place, strategies should be developed to assist paramedics and other prehospital care practitioners to recognise and address anxiety and other mental health disorders.

Teacher's Understanding of Project Learning Models through Children's Comics with STEAM Content in Indonesia

Comic media is one of the learning media that can contain messages and information about various knowledge, experiences, and events in a complete, interesting, and meaningful way. The contents of these stories can also accommodate a variety of learning content such as science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics known as STEAM content (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math). This study aims to obtain information on teachers' understanding of the project learning model and STEAM content used in ECE units. Based on survey research and case studies, this research involved 34 ECE teacher participants representing teachers in the Seribu Islands district, DKI Jakarta. Data collection was carried out using a Google form questionnaire, participatory observation, focused discussions, and document analysis. The research produced several findings, first, comic media is very effective and interesting to provide an overview of STEAM project activities and content for ECE units. Second, learning projects containing STEAM content can be designed through learning tools and teaching modules based on maritime themes. Third, project learning with STEAM content can be one of the characteristics of the implementation of the independent curriculum in ECE units. Finally, the use of comic media in project learning with STEAM content can increase early childhood maritime cultural literacy. It is hoped that the use of comic media will help ECE educators in the Seribu Islands Regency improve their understanding of maritime cultural literacy in early childhood.
 Keywords: teacher's understanding, ECE steam content, children's comics

GUEST SATISFACTION APPRAISAL: THE CASE OF A START-UP STATE UNIVERSITY HOTEL

Guest satisfaction in the hospitality industry is the measure of how contented the guests are with the hotel services they experience. This study presents the results of the guest satisfaction survey on the service quality of a start-up start university hotel, Cebu Tech Hotel, in its first two years of operation. The sixty hotel guests who participated in this descriptive survey research study used quantitative data to provide pertinent and accurate information on the customer satisfaction of the school hotel under investigation. Results show that hotel guests are generally quite satisfied as reflected in their very satisfied rating. However, even if the clients were satisfied, there are still other components of the hotel concerning the hotel service that need to be in full operation like the 24-hour food service to give the visitors the complete hotel experience. This leads to the conclusion that transferring the quality of services supplied in facilitating the guests hotel accommodations is essential to a pleasant overall guest experience.

A survey research study of music education faculty: Demographics as related to indicators of job satisfaction and stress

This study examined demographic information for current music education faculty ( N = 136), the factors that seem to influence music education faculty members’ levels of job satisfaction and primary stressors, also by institution type. Simultaneous multiple regression revealed that academic autonomy, collegial support, sleep, parental responsibilities, and certainties of the tenure process affect music education faculty members’ reported levels of job satisfaction and stress. Mean job satisfaction and stress scores for each group by Carnegie institution types were compared using a one-way ANOVA. Significant differences in stress scores between groups suggested that the larger institution group (R1) did not report feeling more stressed about professional responsibilities than the smaller institution group (M1). Analyses of open-ended questions also reinforced the notion that the COVID-19 pandemic increased flexibilities in work and parental responsibilities leading to lower stress levels.

Differences between responders and nonresponders in intensive care unit (ICU) related survey studies.

In survey research studies, there are often a proportion of non-responders, that is patients or relatives of patients who do not want to fill in a survey. Especially in intensive care medicine, these proportions of non-responders can be relatively high. However, with the increasing incidence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), it can be beneficial to know what the predisposing factors are. We performed a sub analysis of a recent survey study we have conducted on relatives of deceased ICU patients. Of the 219 eligible relatives, 139 were willing to fill in the questionnaires and 95 of them actually returned the questionnaire, which raises the question whether there are differences between the 95 relatives who did fill in the questionnaires and the 44 relatives who did not. We collected information from the medical records of deceased patients whose relatives did and did not fill in the questionnaires, that is responders and non-responders. Patient's whose relatives did not fill in the questionnaire had a significantly lower median age compared with patients whose relatives returned the questionnaires (64 [56-75] vs. 71 [65-76] years, respectively, p = .039). The non-responders were two relatives of a deceased patient below 60 years in 34.1% of the cases, whereas this percentage was 14.7% in the responders. The distribution of men and women was comparable between the groups (p = .54) as well as the length of ICU stay (p = .48). Our findings suggest that ICU-related variables did not influence response rate, but the age of the deceased ICU patient does: The non-responders are related to deceased ICU patients with a significantly lower age.

An Economic Analysis of Primary School Dropouts: A Case Study of the Kodagu District

Primary school dropouts have significant economic consequences for individuals and society as a whole. This study aims to provide an in-depth economic analysis of primary school dropouts in the Kodagu District of India. The study uses survey research, cost analysis, policy analysis, and case study methods to gather data and insights into the issue. The study identifies socio-economic factors contributing to primary school dropouts, estimates the economic cost of dropouts, and analyses the long-term economic consequences of dropouts. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of current policies and interventions aimed at reducing primary school dropouts and proposes evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of raising family awareness, improving family education, and improving living conditions to prevent school dropouts. The study also highlights the need for collaboration between teachers and parents to address family responsibilities as a cause of school dropouts. The study's insights provide valuable information to policymakers and educators to improve educational outcomes and reduce primary school dropouts in the Kodagu District.

Making the Nuevo South home: Latinx college students’ forms of resistance to Southern epistemology

ABSTRACT Aligned with critical scholarship and upholding minoritized populations’ agency and power, this survey research study addresses Latinx college students’ resistance strategies in two Nuevo South states by examining the social issues that students are aware of, engage with, and the nature of their interactions with these issues. We apply Southern epistemology as a framework to center the unique Nuevo South sociopolitical context and examine modern issues Latinx communities face in this geographic region and how Latinx college students resist hostility. Findings empirically establish how the Southern epistemology remains to modernly construct and constrain the lives of Latinx college students in the Nuevo South.

Facilitating Entrepreneurship Interest among Bricklaying, Block Laying and Concreting Students in Technical Colleges in Katsina State

Entrepreneurship, which often involves learning about how to launch and expand a firm, is frequently considered a topic for students of business disciplines rather than technical students. At light of this, the study identified the elements that encouraged entrepreneurial interest among students studying bricklaying, block laying, and concrete in technical colleges in Katsina State. The 55 participants for the survey research study were 34 BBC students, 10 BBC teachers, and 9 administrators from the three Government Technical Colleges in Katsina State. The complete population was employed for the study due to the manageable size of the population, which is why the purposive sampling approach was used. A structured questionnaire designed by the researchers under the name Facilitating Entrepreneurship Interest Questionnaire (FEIQ) served as the data gathering tool. The instrument was evaluated by three specialists, and Cronbach Alpha yielded a reliability rating of 0.86. The mean and standard deviation were utilized to answer the study questions, and a 0.05 level of significance ANOVA was employed to test the null hypotheses. The results showed that: family background, student participation in entrepreneurship, exposure to entrepreneurship courses, low profit margin, and inability to identify business opportunity, lack of proper guidance in business, and lack of start-up capital are the factors influencing bricklaying/block laying and concrete students' interest in participating in entrepreneurship in Government Technical Colleges of Katsina State. To encourage and foster the spirit of entrepreneurship in the students, it was suggested that the National Education Research and Development Center create entrepreneurship curricula that would be taught as a standalone subject at technical colleges.

How Did COVID-19 Change Faculty Members' Use of Technology?

COVID-19 has caused great changes in education. Routines, practices, and especially the technologies used in teaching have differentiated at all levels of education. The purpose of this study is to determine the technologies used by faculty members for instructional purposes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their perspectives on the use of these technologies after the end of pandemic. A close-ended questionnaire was used for gathering data in this survey research study. Participants are150 faculty members from different ages and fields. Findings indicate that, although faculty members experienced various issues (e.g., infrastructure problems, access to technology, and lack of experience in technology) while teaching through technological facilities during the pandemic, they are in favor of using tools such as WhatsApp, Google classroom, Zoom Meeting, Facebook, and e-mail after the end of pandemic due to the different facilities they provide.

Towards the European Health Data Space (EHDS) ecosystem: A survey research on future health data scenarios

ObjectiveThe European Health Data Space (EHDS) aims to provide better exchange and expand access to health data across Europe. In this way, the EHDS will support healthcare delivery (known as the “primary use of data”) and facilitate access to health data for research and policy-making purposes (known as the “secondary use of data”). To achieve this goal, we need to build the required ecosystem of the EHDS with all healthcare stakeholders. Materials and methodsWe conducted a survey research study to explore the health informaticians’ recommendations on future health data scenarios shaping the EHDS ecosystem. We created an anonymous- online questionnaire and disseminated it through wide international networks of health informaticians. In addition, we conducted a workshop during the Medical Informatics Europe Conference (MIE2022) and invited the attendees to complete the questionnaire during the workshop. ResultsWe received 43 responses to our questionnaire from 15 European Union (EU) countries and 7 non-EU countries. Most respondents described the current health data scenario in their countries as a traditional healthcare system with moderate growth (25.6 %, n = 11). The second selected scenario was the reinventing healthcare scenario in a data-driven one-world framework (23.3 %, n = 10). DiscussionThe results of this work are matched with the findings of the recently published study on digital health implementation in the EU (conducted by the French government in April 2022). This also reflects the current ongoing efforts in the EU countries to deploy national infrastructure for health data management, exchange, and sharing. ConclusionsUpon the respondents’ recommendations, there is a strong need to support the health democratization scenarios in Europe, as the main driver for building the EHDS ecosystem.

Consumer perception of the contributions of biodynamic agriculture to sustainability and biodiversity conservation: Insights from the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore and Germany

<h2>Abstract</h2> Environmental and biodiversity crises are upon us, and changes are urgently needed in global food production and supply chains. The present research, which is based on a paper currently undergoing peer review, delivers consumer insights about biodynamic (BD) agriculture which has the potential to advance sustainability efforts while also improving social sustainability. Using survey research, a multi-method and multi-national study was conducted with consumers in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, Singapore, and Germany. Across 1237 participants, the empirical findings pointed to largely positive attitudes about BD agriculture. Between-country differences were minor, whereas consumer segmentation identified pan-national groups of people with attitudes that were, respectively, BD Positive (71%), BD Neutral (20%) or BD Negative (9%). In the BD Positive segment, consumers responded positively to the environmental and social aspects of BD agriculture, and it mattered to them that BD agriculture was a balanced and integrated approach to farming / food production. That is, they were not averse to the holistic/spiritual aspects that are unique to BD. Biodiversity, but also other aspects of environmental sustainability mattered more to consumers than social sustainability, notably worker welfare and community resilience. The research provides new consumer insights about biodynamics by being generic to BD agriculture rather than product specific (e.g., BD wine), and advances extant consumer research by jointly exploring environmental and social sustainability. Scale-free methods suitable for cross-cultural research were used, notably text highlighting and a variant of best-worst scaling. The former was recently introduced as an approach for direct attitude measurement.