Visitor Survey Research Articles

테마파크에서의 체험요소와 감정반응 및 행동의도에 관한 연구

The objective of this study is specifically in order to verify the influence relationship of the theme park experience on emotional response and behavioral intention. The implications are presented based on empirical verification results through the survey of the theme park visitors' perceptions regarding of the affective response and behavior intention according to the effect of the theme park experience. To achieve the objectives, as a conceptual framework of the study, experience factor, affective response, and behavior intention on theme park visiting were reviewed and the empirical study on visitors’ experience the perceptive relation between affective response and behavior intention. For analysis purposes, the questionnaire of 241 theme park users who participated in the survey was coded. SPSS 21.0 was used for research analysis, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and mediating analysis were performed. As a result of the study, it showed that the various experiences desired on theme park have an influence relationship that stimulates emotional responses. As the hypothesis of the influence relationship between emotional response and behavioral intention formed by the theme park experience was adopted, it was statistically significant and found that emotional response had a positive relationship with behavioral intention for the subject of experience. According to the result of partial adoption verification of the hypothesis that the theme park experience has a positive effect on the behavioral intention, it can be seen that the non-daily theme park experience directly leads to positive behavior. The results of the analysis were discussed in a context that can help understand the emotional response of theme park visitors and revitalize revisit.

A more perfect union? The place of Black lives in presidential plantation sites

While Mount Vernon, Monticello, Montpelier, and Highland work to recover the lives of people enslaved by Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, their institutional missions emphasize the importance of these four men within American history. The resulting impediments to honoring Black lives within these spaces can be best understood using the analytical framework of reputational politics and by recognizing the roles visitors have in reproducing the reputations of the presidents and the women and men they enslaved. We base our examination of visitors’ participation in these reputational politics on a systematic documentation of tours and exhibits combined with surveys of visitors. Our results suggest that there are significant differences among the four sites in how visitors balance the reputations of enslaved communities with those of the Founding Fathers. On the whole, the emphasis on the presidents’ important positions within American social memory continues to inhibit efforts to honor Black lives at presidential plantation museums.

Revisiting museums of contemporary art: what factors affect visitors with low and high levels of revisit intention intensity?

ABSTRACT This paper explores visitor behaviour in the context of contemporary art museums. Assuming that the consumption patterns of contemporary art differ from those of classical art, the study analyses the impact of the cognitive and affective components on revisit intention. We use a survey of visitors to five contemporary art museums in St Petersburg, Russia and apply structural equation modelling. The paper distinguishes between three levels of revisit intention to find out whether cognitive and affective components predefine the likelihood and intensity of revisit intention. The findings demonstrate that the cognitive component has a significant impact on the affective component and revisit intention. Among the affective dimensions, empathy and responsiveness of museum staff are the most important predictors of the high level of revisit intention. The results highlight the need for raising interest of the general public in contemporary art and the importance of human interaction to stimulate revisit intention.

Effects of social and personal norms, and connectedness to nature, on pro-environmental behavior: A study of Western Australian protected area visitors

Pro-environmental behaviors play a key role in the management and sustainability of parks and protected areas. An understanding of the antecedents of visitors' pro-environmental behaviors is vitally important in advancing knowledge, encouraging sustainability, and bettering management practice. This study developed and tested a behavioral model which integrated personal norms and social norms as normative influences, with connectedness to nature as a personality trait, as antecedents of pro-environmental behaviors. Data were collected through a visitor survey across three protected areas in Western Australia and analyzed via structural equation modelling. Results indicated that personal norms and connectedness to nature had a positive effect on pro-environmental behaviors, whereas social norms did not. The results highlight to protected area managers the need to consider moral obligations and personal identification with nature to foster on-site pro-environmental behaviors and encourage a positive spill-over effect off-site.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Nature-Based Tourism in National Parks. Case Studies for Poland

The study aims concern to nature-based tourism in national parks, to compare visitor behavior and visitors’ spatial and temporal distribution in national parks during the COVID-19 (2020) and pre- COVID-19 period (2017–2019). The research is based on a pyroelectric sensors data, entrance fees and questionnaire survey of visitors, in order to: (1) assess the spatial and temporal distribution and changes of visitors, (2) characterize changes in visitors’ behavior. The visitor number and spatial and temporal distribution changed during COVID-19 period. The visitor’s behavior identifies three visitor clusters depending on the strength of COVID-19 pandemic impact on stay on national parks: High fear visitors (HFV), Low fear visitors (LFV) and No fear visitors (NFV). Each cluster represents a different attitude toward the pandemic and its effects. The research was conducted in two national parks in Poland: Stołowe Mountains National Park and Karkonosze/Giant Mts. National Park. The resulting data were compared with data from previous years. A total of 935 respondents participated in the survey, which demonstrated a significant impact of the ongoing pandemic on many aspects of the behaviors. Most visitors argued that the pandemic had not changed their behavior because society began to perceive national parks as safe destination with a low probability of infection. 

Health visiting in England: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This focused review of evidence considers the impact of the pandemic in 2020 on families with children under 5 years in England, and the health visiting (HV) service that supports them. . Data were drawn from national surveys of health visitors (HVs) and parents, a freedom of information request of employers, published research, and national data. Framework analysis and triangulation, using the Key Elements of an effective HV service, were used to categorize the key findings. The findings from the review indicate that the impacts of the pandemic were wide-ranging and disproportionately affected the most disadvantaged families, increasing demand for HV support. HVs' ability to respond was compromised due to national policy decisions to partially stop the service and variations in local implementation including the redeployment of HVs, pre-existing workforce capacity issues, and the effectiveness of innovations to identify and support vulnerable families. The pandemic exacerbated factors that can lead to poorer outcomes for families. Key learning from the pandemic response, including the need to prioritize the HV service, must be acted upon to reduce ongoing impacts now and ensure that the service is equipped for future emergencies.

Perceived place qualities, restorative effects and self-reported wellbeing benefits of visits to heritage sites: Empirical evidence from a visitor survey in England

Heritage sites are complex environments that cannot be easily be located within a nature – built space dichotomy. Although a small but growing body of evidence supports the potential of visits to heritage sites in generating wellbeing benefits, there is a gap in understanding how such benefits may be related to the perceived qualities or affordances of heritage sites. We present an exploratory survey instrument designed and tested to generate empirical evidence on the association between the qualities of heritage sites, the restorative effects of a heritage visit, and the extent to which these are positively associated with self-reported subjective wellbeing benefits. The survey was given to sample of 780 visitors to 7 heritage sites in England from June to October 2020. Factor analysis of responses led to extraction of 3 core components related to how participants evaluated their experience of the qualities of place, and 2 core components linked to the restorative effects of the visit. Using these core components to create composite variables, regression models were fitted to understand which qualities of place and effects of the visit predict self-reported wellbeing benefits. The results suggest that different components of heritage sites may contribute to increase in positive affect and reduction in anxiety elements of wellbeing. They suggest potential therapeutic benefits of visits to heritage sites for self-directed visits, and thus potential means of sustainably delivering support for public wellbeing at scale.

Identifying primary health-care challenges using the importance–Performance analysis: Implications for a low- and middle-income country

Background: Including patient's evaluation in the comprehensive measurement of primary health-care (PHC) performance is a valid and reliable approach for the assessment and improvement of local PHC system. Aim: This study demonstrates the use of the importance–performance analysis (IPA) for identifying challenges in PHC centers in Obio-Akpor. Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative survey of first-time visitors to four PHC centers in Obio-Akpor. A total of 337 participants were selected from a two-stage sampling approach and administered the Patient Evaluation Scale which was structured to elicit their ratings on the importance of PHC centers' attributes before and the performance on these attributes after their encounter with the facility. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using the SPSS version 21, and PHC centers' attributes were aggregated across each of the four IPA quadrants. Results: The response rate was 89% and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.91 and 0.94 for the importance and performance measurement scales, respectively. More of the respondents were below 40 years (87.7%), female (73.7%), and currently married (69.3%). Observed areas of concentration for PHC improvement were staff availability during operating times, ease of payment, waiting time, convenience of operating hours, and availability of electricity in the facility. Conclusion: Findings provide evidence of patients' concerns in the local PHC system. Subsequent validation and focused interventions aimed at resolving identified challenges can positively influence the demand and social relevance of PHC in this setting.

Analysis of recreational needs of visitors to the Arey Nature Park

The article presents the results of a sociological survey of visitors to the Arey Nature Park. Based on the questionnaire conducted in July 2020, the paper demonstrates an analysis of recreational needs and a sociological portrait of a visitor to the Arey Nature Park. The article analyses suggestions of vacationers and contains recommendations based on the identified needs and problems mentioned by the visitors in the organization of operation of the protected area. Almost all park visitors note a strong appeal to the natural scenery of the territory. The sanitary condition of the territory and the limited range of services available are highlighted as significant shortcomings in the operation of the park administration.

Resident Experiences With a Place-Based Collaboration to Address Health and Social Inequities: A Survey of Visitors to the East Harlem Neighborhood Health Action Center.

In 2016 and 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene established Neighborhood Health Action Centers (Action Centers) in disinvested communities of color as part of a place-based model to advance health equity. This model includes co-located partners, a referral and linkage system, and community space and programming. In 2018, we surveyed visitors to the East Harlem Action Center to provide a more comprehensive understanding of visitors’ experiences. The survey was administered in English, Spanish, and Mandarin. Respondents were racially diverse and predominantly residents of East Harlem. The majority had been to the East Harlem Action Center previously. Most agreed that the main service provider for their visit made them feel comfortable, treated them with respect, spoke in a way that was easy to understand, and that they received the highest quality of service. A little more than half of returning visitors reported engaging with more than one Action Center program in the last 6 months. Twenty-one percent of respondents reported receiving at least one referral at the Action Center. Two thirds were aware that the Action Center offered a number of programs and services and half were aware that referrals were available. Additional visits to the Action Center were associated with increased likelihood of engaging with more than one program and awareness of the availability of programs and referral services. Findings suggest that most visitors surveyed had positive experiences, and more can be done to promote the Action Center and the variety of services it offers.

Conceptual Framework for On-site Digital Interpretation Developments in Cultural Heritage Sites

On-site heritage interpretation plays a vital role in cultural heritage sites in conveying the significance and multiple heritage values to the visitors. In an era where the world is transforming with innovative digital applications, the heritage sites are also being integrated with digital interpretation techniques to deliver a better interpretation and new dimensional experience to the visitors. Though multiple digital solutions are available, not all the techniques are appropriate, applicable and feasible to every site. Besides, neither proper worldwide principles nor framework has been exerted for these digital heritage interpretation developments. Therefore, this study is focused on building a generic conceptual framework to select the most appropriate digital interpretation technique(s) that fit the context of the heritage site, giving special reference to the six Cultural World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka. The relevant qualitative and quantitative data were gathered via in-depth interviews, field observation, literature survey and a visitor survey questionnaire. The main themes and sub-themes derived through the thematic analysis were adopted as the theoretical framework for the research to analyze the collected data of the six Cultural World Heritage Sites and the selected digital techniques. Based on the results, the study recommends appropriate digital techniques for each Cultural World Heritage Sites of the country. Further as aimed, the study presents a conceptual framework for on-site digital interpretation developments for cultural heritage sites by categorizing the 24 criteria derived for data analysis under five phases namely ‘Prepare’, ‘Assess’, ‘Design’, ‘Implement’ and ‘Sustain’.

Utilization of Regional Assets for Urban Regeneration Projects in Central city type Focused on 4.19 Intersectional area

This study distinguished the types of urban tourism resources that could attract visiting consumers among local assets and proposed priorities for projects that should be promoted to enhance tourism attractiveness based on visitor surveys and analysis in the case target. The main contents are as follows. In the empirical analysis process, we derive 20 tourism resources through prior research analysis and propose implications through the IPA matrix. In detail, the tourist elements that need to be located in 1st quadrant and maintain existing competitiveness are natural landscape, historical and cultural resources, residents hospitality, storytelling, performance fairs, and local festivals. If you look at the elements of tourism resources that are located in 2st quadrants and need to be improved first, they are representative food, streetscape, night view, and entertainment. Although it is said to be a variety of tourism factors that need to be gradually improved in 3st quarters, lifestyle shop, architectural design, and night tourism activities, which differ in importance and satisfaction, are expected to have a great effect on improvement. The quadrant was the only part that needed to maintain the status quo, with the only distribution of the ‘master image’. The implication of this study is that it proposed priorities that can be applied to the actual field.

Why are some animals popular with wildlife tourists: insights from South Africa

ABSTRACT Wildlife tourism is an important type of ecotourism including in South Africa. We considered how the aesthetic value theory can be applied to wildlife tourism by assessing the relative popularity of species with tourists in South Africa and which traits predicted popularity. When data from six published visitor surveys across seven protected areas were combined, we found that only 26 species out of 299 mammals and 850 + birds were selected by 2245 tourists. Elephant (48%), black and white rhinos (36%), lion (36%), cheetah (35%) and giraffe (34%) were the most popular in these visitor surveys with similar results reported in data from destination marketing and social media, but not wildlife auctions. When 13 species traits were assessed using ordinations and Generalised Linear Models, traits associated with specific aesthetics were important as large mammals that use open vegetation, with highly contrasting coat colours and/or are fluffy were most popular. Given the diversity of animals in South Africa, those responsible for wildlife tourism opportunities could diversify the types of species used in marketing to better match animals likely to be encountered in the wild, enhancing repeat visitor experiences while promoting the conservation of more species in the region.

The influence of motivation on birdwatcher satisfaction and destination loyalty: the case of Hornøya, Norway

ABSTRACT Research on motivation among birdwatchers and the relationships between motivation, satisfaction and destination loyalty may provide further insight into this subgroup of wildlife tourism participants. Research on other forms of wildlife tourism suggest that motivation can be a useful segmentation tool and have effects on participants’ overall experiences, satisfaction and loyalty. Using a survey (n =248) of visitors to Hornøya in Norway, we investigated motivation’s potential as a segmentation tool in this setting, and motivation’s influence on birdwatcher satisfaction and destination loyalty, applying cluster-, factor-, and multiple regression analyses. Three distinct groups of birdwatchers were identified, and results indicated that although the main motivations to visit were to experience birds and nature, the importance of other motivational factors varied between clusters. Moreover, significant positive relationships were found between the motivational factor of experience birds and overall satisfaction and between the motivational factor of experience nature and destination loyalty. We conclude that facilitating and promoting such experiences should be a priority for managers of birdwatching sites, and that there are some variations when it comes to motivation, even among relatively specialized birdwatchers.

Utilization of Preventive Care Services at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Background: Chronic diseases have significant impacts on health systems worldwide and are a leading cause of death. Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases are the best ways to reduce mortality and morbidity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate public access to preventive services for chronic diseases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A survey of university hospital visitors was conducted in 2019. Participants were randomly selected and asked to fill a 16-question survey, including demographics, health care utilization, and type of preventive services. The chi-square test (SPSS) was used to identify any significant association between age and gender using the variable of preventive screening or counseling. Results: The majority of individuals who completed the survey (250 participants) were young, married, and male bachelor’s degree holders. About 71% of the participants received counseling services for either smoking, physical activity, weight, diet, or sleeping. More than half (58%) had undergone screening services, including breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, hypertension, or weight management. Chi-square analysis showed that females had a significant (P < 0.01) positive statistical relationship with the utilization of diabetes and breast cancer screening services, while males were more associated (P < 0.01) with smoking and weight-related counseling than females. Conclusions: The study demonstrated an insufficient use of preventive services and that sociodemographic differences (such as age and gender) could influence the utilization of various preventive services. Females were significantly positively associated with breast cancer and diabetes-related preventive services as these diseases are highly prevalent among females. Public education and awareness campaigns are needed to broadcast the importance of preventive services and promote better understanding and management of chronic diseases.

Functional Quality of Service During Events: An Empirical Analysis

Visitors to events attach great importance to the range of artists and their performances and the quality of their stay and services. To create a staging and, consequently, an emotionalization of the visitor, many action areas simultaneously take effect at an event. In this context, the customer satisfaction of visitors plays a major role for event organizers, which aims to generate a competitive advantage over other providers and be attractive for artists simultaneously. This article aims to analyse the perceived functional quality of service (QoS) during various events in a multi-purpose event venue. The analysis was based on 563 primary data samples. On the off chance, selected visitors were during the events recruited and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The data were collected during the break of five events. These events took place in the period from mid-November to mid-December 2019. This was supplemented by an online survey of enthusiastic fan club visitors who regularly watch handball matches within the event venue. The online survey was conducted in parallel with the surveys during November 2019. Overall, the results showed a high level of satisfaction among visitors regarding the QoS. In addition to services, exploratory factor analysis identified cleanliness as a satisfaction factor that significantly accounted for overall service satisfaction. Differences in the perception of both factors could be detected between the fan club visitors on the one hand and all other visitors of various events (comedy, music, sports) on the other. Based upon the results of this analysis, the event managers of this venue are enabled to employ target group-oriented improvements of individual services to consolidate and increase customer satisfaction.
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Economics of Experiential Consumption In a Rural Heritage Destination

As markets evolve in the era of the experience economy, experiences have become more meaningful and are an essential part of tourism. Several studies have found that higher expenditures are a positive outcome of a successful and satisfying tourism experience. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic potential of staged experiential offerings in a rural community: Wickenburg, Arizona, a typical western mining and ranching heritage community with a thriving tourism economy. A content analysis of the community's official tourism website and attraction websites, and an onsite survey of visitors are the primary data sources. The results indicate that somewhat moderate demand exists for experiential consumption. They also reiterate the crossover significance of emotional and cognitive attributes and support the cognitive theory of emotions. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and suggests that emotional and cognitive aspects of experiential consumption should be considered simultaneously for their economic value.

Pengaruh Green Product, Servicescape dan Kualitas Layanan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada Resto Berbasis Alam

Restaurant consumers will choose and visit a restaurant if they are satisfied, well served and get what they need at the restaurant. The problem of this research is how the influence of service quality, green product and servicescape on consumer satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of green product, servicescape and service quality on consumer satisfaction at the Surrounding Nature-Based Restaurant. The restaurant's efforts in maintaining customer satisfaction are inseparable from the quality of service provided by the restaurant. In addition, consumers who visit restaurants not only enjoy culinary delights, but also enjoy the servicescape or the natural scenery around the restaurant. Kampoeng Rawa restaurant in Ambarawa is a restaurant in the middle of a stretch of rice fields and just into the middle of Rawapening swamp area and is above the water. The view in the middle of the swamp and water makes the restaurant atmosphere attractive for visitors. This research was a consumer survey of Kampoeng Rawa restaurant visitors who enjoy culinary and the nature around the restaurant. Based on quota accidental sampling, 60 consumer respondents were determined who dine in at the Kampoeng Rawa restaurant during March 2021. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of service quality and servicescape variables on restaurant customer satisfaction. Green products do not have a significant effect. Furthermore, sustainable restaurant service management will have an impact on its contribution to the economy of private owners, BUMDES owners and the surrounding community who are employees. A restaurant that is managed by paying attention to the quality of service and an attractive surrounding atmosphere can lead to satisfaction for restaurant consumers.

The challenge for Aik Nyet Nature Tourism in the new normal era

Good knowledge of the economic value of a tourist location is the main basis for formulating an effective management policy. In the conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic, Aik Nyet Nature Tourism, which covers an area of approximately 9.4 ha, was closed. The new normal era makes it possible to reopen with some conditions that have to be met. Starting from determining the optimal paid entrance fee to some new normal rules that must be implemented, this article aims to provide an overview of what KPHL Rinjani Barat should do. This article investigates this issue by employing a two-phase study: quantitative and qualitative. The first phase used primary data from the visitor survey whose results were analyzed using travel cost methods. The second phase used secondary data from Kompas.com reporting interconnected themes on the new normal era. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The results showed that in the new normal period, KPHL Rinjani Barat should reduce the entrance fee to Aik Nyet, which is currently IDR 5,000 to IDR 3,000, and implement COVID-19 health and hygiene protocols properly.

Social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mobility, accessibility, and behaviors of visitors dramatically. Under the impact of COVID-19, the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in parks and recreation areas are expected to change due to the uncertainty of health risks associated with visitors’ behaviors. This study conducted an on-site visitor survey at Leiqiong Global Geological Park, a national park located in urban-proximate areas in Haikou, China. This study aims to examine factors impacting visitors’ perceived crowding and emotions under varying levels of visitor use in urban national parks in the context of COVID-19. Study results suggest that visitors have the highest level of motivation for scenery and culture viewing and are generally satisfied with the environmental quality and design and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation efforts within the park. Moreover, this study suggests that the level of crowding and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation can affect visitors’ emotions in urban natioanl parks significantly. These findings highlight the importance of enforcing the social carrying capacity limits and COVID-19 prevention strategies for urban parks and protected areas to mitigate physical and mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic.Management implicationThis study is one of the pilot studies that examines the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study results identify the thresholds of social carrying capacity and visitors’ positive emotions based on the indicator of People Per View (PPV). Moreover, COVID-19 prevention strategies (e.g., mask-wearing and social distancing) can reduce visitors’ perceived crowding and enhance positive emotions. These findings suggest that urban national parks should monitor visitor use levels based on the social carrying capacity framework to reduce visitors’ perceived crowding and maintain positive emotions in the post-COVID-19 era.