Surface Of Nanospheres Research Articles

New Indole Derivative Heterogeneous System for the Synergistic Reduction and Oxidation of Various Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Insights into the Degradation/Defluorination Mechanism.

The hydrated electron (eaq-) system is typically suitable for degrading perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). To enhance eaq- utilization, we synthesized a new indole compound (DIHA) that forms stable nanospheres (100-200 nm) in water via a supramolecular assembly. Herein, the DIHA nanoemulsion system exhibits high degradation efficiencies toward a broad category of PFASs, regardless of the headgroup, chain length, and branching structure, under UV (254 nm) irradiation. The strong adsorption of PFAS on the DIHA surface ensures its effective degradation/defluorination. Quenching experiments further demonstrated that the reaction took place on the surface of DIHA nanospheres. This specific heterogeneous surface reaction unveiled novel PFAS degradation and defluorination mechanisms that differ from previously reported eaq- systems. First, the photogenerated surface electrons nonselectively attacked multiple C-F bonds of the -CF2- chain. This plays a dominant degrading/defluorinating role in the DIHA system. Second, abundant hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were also produced, leading to synergistic reduction (by surface electron) and oxidation (by surface •OH) in a single system. This facilitates faster and deeper defluorination of different structured PFASs through multiple pathways. The new mechanism inspires the design of innovative organo-heterogeneous eaq- systems possessing synergistic reduction and oxidation functions, thereby making them potentially effective for treating PFAS-contaminated water.

Dual improvement in sensitivity and selectivity of SnO2 nanospheres for formaldehyde sensing based on molecular imprinting and Ag doping

In order to develop a gas sensitive material with both high sensitivity and good selectivity, Ag–SnO2 MIPs were designed and synthesized by adopting molecular imprinting technique. Specifically, SnO2 nanospheres synthesized through hydrothermal method were used as substrate. Then, Ag–SnO2 was assembled by decorating nano-sized Ag on the surface of SnO2 nanospheres. Molecular imprinting modification with formaldehyde as template molecules was in next conducted to get Ag–SnO2 MIPs. The morphology, valence and crystal structure of the samples were characterized using SEM, XRD, TEM and XPS. The characterization results showed that uniform SnO2 nanospheres were successfully synthesized with metallic Ag distributed on the surface, and the molecular imprinting process did not change the morphology of the material. According to gas sensing measurement results, it was found that the sensor based on Ag–SnO2 MIPs exhibited superior formaldehyde sensing performance. The molecular imprinting modification effectively improved the sensor's selectivity towards formaldehyde gas. Owning to the catalytic property of Ag, the sensing response of sensor was greatly enhanced. Additionally, Ag–SnO2 MIPs also exhibits high reproducibility and long-term stability.

Understanding the interplay between surface properties and the aspect ratio of ellipsoidal nanomaterials

Polymeric nanomaterials (NM) with nonspherical morphologies have increasingly captured the spotlight in biomedical applications. Physical deformation of nanospheres (NS) represents a versatile technique for obtaining ellipsoidal NM (E-NM) that exhibit unique properties regarding their interactions with biological systems. Despite this technique's versatility and simplicity, the film's detailed composition and the parameters controlling the efficiency of the NS’s physical deformation still need to be clarified. Herein, we detailed a step-by-step formulation of a film composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and we investigated the impact of NS surface properties on the efficiency of the physical stretching. To reach those objectives, we designed two morphologies (NS and E-NM), and for each morphology, the surface composition was modified by using three different polysaccharides (chitosan, dextran, and hyaluronan). Physicochemical analysis revealed a connection between NS surface potential, their interaction with PVA, and the aspect ratio of ellipsoidal NM. Chitosan-coated E-NM had the highest aspect ratio (Γ = 4.9), which decreased to 2.4 with dextran and hyaluronan coatings. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated strong interaction between PVA and chitosan but little interaction with dextran and hyaluronan. Finally, the impact of NM morphology and surface properties on phagocytosis showed that E-NM exhibited a reduced internalization by macrophages and reduced cytotoxicity compared to NS. Overall, in this study, we highlighted that the aspect ratio of E-NM is controlled by the strength of the interaction with PVA with the polysaccharide on the NS surface and revealed the role of NM morphology in reducing cytotoxicity and escaping internalization by macrophages.

A novel electrochemical sensing platform based on double-active-center polyimide covalent organic frameworks for sensitive analysis of levofloxacin.

The development of a simple and sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for levofloxacin (LVF) analysis is of great significance to human health. In this work, a covalent organic framework (TP-COF) was in situ grown on the surface of Sn-MoC nanospheres with nanoflower-like morphology through a one-pot method to obtain the TP-COF@Sn-MoC composite. The prepared composite was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to realize the sensitive detection of levofloxacin. TP-COF was formed by polycondensation of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), in which C = O and C = N groups served as double active centers forthe recognition and electrocatalytic oxidation of the target molecule. Meanwhile, the introduction of Sn-MoC improved the conductivity of the electrode. The TP-COF@Sn-MoC composite produced a strong synergistic effect and showed a high electrocatalytic ability toward levofloxacin oxidation. The linear range of LVF was 0.6-1000μM and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.029μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor has been successfully applied for the analysis of LVF in human urine and blood serum samples with acceptable recovery rates, demonstrating that the sensor was promising in practical applications.

Superhydrophobic Nanoparticles: An Efficiently Selective Adsorbent for Surfactant-Like Contaminants from Complex Wastewater Matrices.

Surfactant-like contaminants (SLCs) with distinctive amphiphilic structures have become a global concern in wastewater due to their toxicity and persistency. Despite extensive efforts, achieving efficient and selective SLCs removal remains challenging because of their wide range of molecular weights and complex functional group compositions. Superhydrophobic nanoparticles can potentially tackle this challenge by targeting the long oleophilic chains of SLCs. However, conventional contact angle measurements hinder hydrophobicity characterization and corresponding selectivity research because of the powder morphology of nanoparticles. Herein, the authors offered information regarding the distribution of water molecular probes in surfaces and proposed a quantitative characterization approach based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Through synthesizing superhydrophobic and hydrophilic polydopamine nanospheres with similar morphologies, the selective adsorption potential of superhydrophobic nanoparticles for SLCs is systematically demonstrated. As revealed by the interaction mechanisms, the superhydrophobic surface of nanospheres increased its affinity and selectivity for SLCs adsorption by enhancing hydrophobic interactions. Superhydrophobic modification achieved ten times the adsorption capacity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, an exemplified surfactant, compared with pristine nanoparticles. By regulated self-polymerization, the superhydrophobic nanospheres are coated onto the surface of a 3D sponge and enable efficient selective SLCs adsorption from highly polluted leachate matrices with long-term stability and reusability.

Highly efficient removal of Cs(I) using the magnetically separable potassium ferrocyanide: Mechanism, economic analysis, and impact insights

Cs nuclides, originating from nuclear weapon tests or compromised nuclear power plants are highly mobile and easily migrate among environmental media, eventually bio-accumulating in the human body and causing serious disease. Reliable and highly efficient removal of Cs(I) ions from radioactive wastewater is of great importance. Herein, a novel magnetic potassium ferrocyanide nanocomposite, viz. K4Fe(CN)6@Fe3O4, was rationally designed for Cs(I) removal. Through a well-controlled in-situ growth method, potassium ferrocyanide [K4Fe(CN)6, KFC] nanocrystals were in-situ grown onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanospheres forming KFC@Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The Cs(I) removal rate of KFC@Fe3O4 can reach over 95% within a relatively short time. Even in the presence of considerable amounts of Na+, Ca2+ and NH4+ ions, KFC@Fe3O4 maintained a considerably high removal rate. KFC@Fe3O4 yielded a relatively lager saturation magnetization value, enabling its rapid separation from the reaction system by introducing an external magnetic field. Notably the embedded potassium in KFC@Fe3O4 plays a vital role in Cs(I) exchange process. The experimental results underscore the superior performance of KFC@Fe3O4 as a potential Cs(I) adsorbent in wastewater. The implications of this study reach extend beyond mere technological advancements, highlighting that the application of this novel methodology for nuclear wastewater treatment requires the engagement of a broad spectrum of potential users. Overall, this study elucidated the mechanism of Cs(I) removal by KFC@Fe3O4, ad developed an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy for radioactive wastewater purification, while deliberating on the advantages and potential challenges of scaling up the material and process for future application.

The role of Fe nanospheres in energy releasing of DAP-4

Molecular perovskite energetic material DAP-4 is seen as a potential high-energy oxidant due to its high energy, high density, high oxidation capacity, and facile preparation technology. However, optimizing its energy release and reducing its thermal decomposition temperature are huge challenges for its future application. In this work, the role of iron (Fe) nanospheres in the energy release of DAP-4 was studied. Our research has shown that Fe powder can not only serve as a fuel to promote combustion, but also as an important catalyst to significantly improve the thermal decomposition, energy release, and burning rate of DAP-4. By adding 25% Fe nanospheres, the decomposition temperature of DAP-4 was reduced to 299.7 °C, which is the most reduction by 84.7 °C from 384.4 °C (raw DAP-4) to 299.7 °C (DAP-4/Fe-5 with 25wt% Fe nanospheres) was obtained. The decomposition activation energy also decreases by at least 69.5 kJ mol−1 from 229.4 kJ mol−1 (DAP-4) to 159.9 kJ mol−1 (DAP-4/Fe-1 with 5wt% Fe nanospheres). The combustion performance of DAP-4/Fe composites is significantly improved by a 4∼5 times shorter burn rate. The energy-releasing mechanism of DAP-4 with the presence of Fe nanospheres was proposed. FexOy at the surface of Fe nanospheres played an important role in the energy releasing of DAP-4. This work showed a new idea for the potential application of molecular perovskite energetic materials.

Electrochemical Analysis of Sunset Yellow, Brilliant Blue, and Tartrazine Using Sensor Amplified with CuNiFe2O4 Hollow Spheres

One of the most important edible colours is used in various industries is Sunset Yellow, which is essential to measure according to its consumption. Therefore, a new electrochemical sensor is prepared to measure the food color additives in this work. In this study, CuNiFe2O4 nanospheres to prepare a potent modifier for carbon paste electrode (CPE). Due to environmental toxicity of food color additives, its sensitive, fast and, low-cost determination in workplace environments is of great interest. So, the modified CPE was applied as a sensitivity analysis approach for Sunset Yellow in present Brilliant Blue and Tartarzin in plasma samples. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used as techniques to optimize the analysis and measurement of Sunset Yellow. The calibration curve showed a linear range from 0.5 to 150 μM with a detection limit of 0.15 μM for Sunset Yellow. Simultaneous measurement of three colors, Sunset Yellow, Brilliant Blue and Tartrazine, is done on CPE/CuNiFe2O4 nanospheres surface and in simultaneous measurement received detection limits are 1.60 μM. The prepared sensor shows an outstanding ability to measure sunset in Sunich syrup and edible jelly as real samples.

Construction of visible-light-response photocatalysis-self-Fenton system for the efficient degradation of amoxicillin based on industrial waste red mud/CdS S-scheme heterojunction

The photo-Fenton process is recognized as an effective water treatment method due to its superior efficiency and technical feasibility, but the application of photo-Fenton is limited by the addition of Fe2+/Fe3+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Herein, we construct a red mud/cadmium sulfide (RM/CdS) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysis-self-Fenton system with decorating Aluminum oxide plant waste RM particles on the surface of CdS nanospheres, which can generate H2O2 in situ and simultaneously activate H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH) active species, exhibiting efficient degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotic pollutant under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the formation of RM/CdS S-scheme heterojunction promotes the spatial separation of the charge carriers by the built-in electric field (IEF) at the interface between RM and CdS. This research presents a novel design route for the construction of S-scheme photocatalysis-self-Fenton system in the efficient treatment of wastewater based on the industrial wastes.

Thermo-responsive ion imprinted polymer on the surface of magnetic carbon nanospheres for recognizing and capturing low-concentration lithium ion

Ion imprinted polymer (IIP) on the surface of magnetic carbon nanospheres, using N-propylacrylamide and benzo-12-crown 4-ether (B12C4) as bi-functional monomers, is designed and synthesized for the selective recognition and recovery of Li+ from aqueous medium. The adsorption behaviors of Li+-IIP including adsorption kinetics, isotherms, selective recognition, and regeneration are investigated in detail by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of Li+-IIP towards Li+ reaches a maximum value of 23.46 mg g−1 at 25 ˚C within 60 min. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models manifest the apparent adsorption behavior dominated by single layer chemisorption. The Li+-IIP realized selective adsorption of Li+ against Na+, K+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ in their coexistence solution. It is reused five times without a significant decrease with the assistance of externally applied magnetic field for solid/liquid separation. The recognition mechanism of Li+-IIP towards Li+ is the combined action of dehydration effect, electrostatic attraction, and size and imprinting effect, as identified by theoretical simulated calculation based on density functional theory and experimental data. The temperature-responsive adsorption of Li+-IIP towards Li+ facilitates the adsorption/desorption operations. Li+-IIP shows good separation from the treated solution by applying an external magnetic field. This work provides new insights into the recovery of lithium.

Endogenous Adenosine Triphosphate-Assisted Three-Dimensional DNA Walker Assembled on Soft Nanoparticles for Intracellular MicroRNA Imaging.

DNA walkers, a sophisticated type of nanomachines, exhibit intelligent application in biosensing with high programmability and flexibility but usually need additional auxiliary driving force, particularly when walking on hard surfaces. Herein, we construct a three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker on the soft surface of DNA nanospheres (DSs) by using a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which is powered by endogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of live cells, so as to sensitively image microRNA (miRNA) in the tumor microenvironment. When the DS walker enters into live cells, miR-21, a general overexpressed biomarker in cancer cells, binds with the blocking strand (B), releasing the walking strand (W) and triggering an ATP-propelled walking reaction. The walking of the DS walker then generates an increasing Cy3 fluorescence signal that indicates the content of miR-21 with about 2.73-fold increase in sensitivity and about 157-fold decrease in the detection limit. Notably, the assembly of the DS walker on soft nanoparticles needs just an easy hybridization process, which facilitates the operation. Meanwhile, this endogenous ATP-powered 3D DNA walker walking on the soft surface performs real-time in situ imaging of miR-21 in live cells, which not only avoids the complex cell treatment and signal error induced by additional auxiliary factors, but also shows high promise of designing programmable DNA nanomachines.

Rationally engineered active site over graphdiyne (CnH2n-2) based S-scheme heterojunction for efficient and durable hydrogen production

The strategy of based on graphdiyne constructing S-scheme heterostructure building electron bridge by inducing Co-P bond through high-temperature phosphorylation. At the interface between CuCo2O4 and graphdiyne, the Co-P bond constructs the electron bridge, which inhibits photogenic carrier recombination and weak light absorption performance of the original CuCo2O4. The lamellar structure of graphdiyne was anchored on the surface of nanospheres, which not only increased the surface ratio, but also provided conditions for graphdiyne to be used as an active site for hydrogen evolution. The experimental and DFT results show that the increase of CoP nanoparticles is conducive to the formation of abundant Co-P bonds, and thus the formation of “electron Bridges”, which can accelerate the transfer of photoelectrons and improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. In addition, P-GC25-11 showed excellent hydrogen production performance in the photocatalytic experiment. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of P-GC25-11 was 219.11 mmol, 7.8 times that of CuCo2O4 and 52 times that of graphdiyne, respectively. This strategy opens up a new way for the baize of construction of S-scheme heterojunctions based on graphdiyne, and constructing the “electron bridge” to accelerate the transfer of photogenerated electrons, thus improving the activity of photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Adsorption behavior of SiO2 coatings on CaF2 crystal planes: Molecular dynamics simulation and preparation

In this study, the adsorption effect of SiO2 on the surface of CaF2 nanospheres was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. By analyzing the radial distribution function, relative concentration and adsorption energy, it is determined that SiO2 has a good adsorption effect on the surface of CaF2 nanospheres when the temperature is 313–333 K and the concentration of SiO2 is 1 g/mL. The CaF2 @SiO2 nanomaterials with good surface morphology were prepared by using the temperature and SiO2 concentration determined by the simulation experiment. The CaF2 @SiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction.

Plasmon Chemistry on Ag Nanostars: Experimental and Theoretical Raman/SERS Study of the Pesticide Thiacloprid Bond Cleavage by the Plasmon Deactivation Effect.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthetized and employed in surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements to study the chemical behavior when thiacloprid (Thia) interacts with the surface of Ag nanospheres (AgNSp) and Ag nanostars (AgNSt) upon excitation of the system with a 785 nm laser. Experimental results show that the deactivation of the localized surface plasmon resonance induces structural changes in Thia. When AgNSp are used, it is possible to observe a mesomeric effect in the cyanamide moiety. On the other hand, when AgNSt are employed, it promotes the cleavage of the methylene (-CH2-) bridge in Thia to produce two molecular fragments. To support these results, theoretical calculations based on topological parameters described by the atoms in molecules theory, Laplacian of the electron density at the bond critical point (∇2ρ BCP), Laplacian bond order, and bond dissociation energies were made, confirming that the bond cleavage is centered at the -CH2- bridge in Thia.

Construction of ZnO@ZIF-CoZn bimetallic core-shell nanospheres for enhanced ethanol sensing performance

In order to achieve highly sensitive, stable and preferential monitoring of ethanol, a new core-shell structure of ZnO@ZIF-CoZn (zeolite imidazole framework-CoZn) was hydrothermally synthesized to meet actual detection requirements. The micro-morphology, crystal phase and element composition of the synthesized materials were studied by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS and other characterization methods. It was found that the porous ZIF-CoZn film (∼100 nm) was uniformly and densely coated on the surface of the ZnO nanospheres (∼400 nm), and a core-shell structure of ZnO@ZIF-CoZn was successfully synthesized. In the gas sensitivity test, the response of ZnO@ZIF-CoZn to 100 ppm ethanol reached 18.4 at 200 °C, which is almost 3.6 times than that of pure ZnO, and the optimal working temperature of ZnO@ZIF-CoZn was lower than that of pure ZnO (240 °C). In addition, ZnO@ZIF-CoZn exhibited excellent selectivity and stability to ethanol. A heterojunction model and surface sensing response are proposed to explain the enhanced sensing response. Therefore, based on the unique nanostructure, low cost, high sensitivity and excellent selectivity of ethanol sensing performance, ZnO@ZIF-CoZn is expected to become a promising candidate in the ethanol sensor market.

Fabrication of unconventional S-scheme NiAl LDH/Ag6Si2O7 heterojunction photocatalysts: outstanding photocatalytic performance and photocatalytic mechanism for tetracycline degradation

Tetracycline (TC) was photocatalytically degraded using a series of NiAl LDH/Ag6Si2O7 (LAS) catalysts that were manufactured by dotting Ag6Si2O7 (ASO) particles on the surface of NiAl LDH 3D nanospheres. In terms of TC degradation, LAS had the superior photocatalytic performance, and its clearance of TC was 2.85 times and 1.91 times greater than that of pure NiAl LDH and Ag6Si2O7, respectively. The separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs has been enhanced since the LAS hybrid photocatalyst has more positive sites. Additionally, it was established through the analysis of the photocatalytic mechanism that the principal active participants in the reaction were •O2- and h+. In order to recover the degradation-stage intermediates, two additional TC degradation techniques were supported by LC-MS and 3D EEM assays. Additionally, the LAS photocatalytic substance has outstanding photocatalytic productivity and stability. This study has offered a fresh perspective on how to construct S-scheme heterojunctions, providing a perfect orientation for the application of photocatalytic degradation of contaminants.

Facile coating strategy of Si/C composite anode for high-performance lithium-ion battery

Attributed to its high capacity by alloying with lithium, silicon is considered to be new generation of anodes that can replace graphite and receives much attention. Alleviating the electrode failure caused by volume expansion during lithiation and shrink during delihiation in silicon anodes plays a pivotal role in promoting the industrial application of silicon anodes. In this article, we proposed a facile carbon coating strategy on the surface of silicon nanospheres to buffer the stress during charge and discharge. By controlling the low molecular weight, an ethanol-soluble phenolic resin was synthesized and further self-assembled on the surface of silicon nanoparticles to form the precursor. Uniform Si/C composites were fabricated via pyrolysis. Diffraction of x-rays confirmed that the silicon retained the pristine crystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous wrap of the amorphous carbon layer on the superficies of the silicon. The galvanostatic charge-discharge test proved the excellent durability of Si/C anodes. Undergoing 50 cycles of galvanostatic lithiation/delithiation at 0.2C, the retention capacity was 96%, as high as 800 mAh/g. This facile but efficient strategy is compatible with large-scale production and improves the feasibility of the practical application of silicon-based anodes.

Inhibition of tumor immune escape by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 engagement with dual-targeting molecularly imprinted polymer layer

Blocking the binding of PD-1/PD-L1 has become an effective strategy in inhibition of tumor immune escape. At present, it mainly depends on the employment of macromolecular antibodies, which target PD-1/PD-L1 protein through binding one of PD-1 or PD-L1 domains. In this study, we present a different strategy, an aptamer modified molecularly imprinted polymer layer (APD–PD-L1–MIPL), to break PD-1/PD-L1 binding for the inhibition of tumor immune escape. The APD–PD-L1–MIPL is prepared by a MIP layer on the surface of CaCO3 nanospheres using the peptide segment of the PD-L1 protein as a template. The subsequent removal of CaCO3 nanospheres core formats the MIP layer, to ensure high specifically matching capacity and short equilibrium time. A PD-L1 antagonistic DNA aptamer, is modified into the MIP layer to enhance recognition capacity, resulting in dual-targeting functionality. The APD–PD-L1–MIPL is able to bind PD-L1 and allow suppressing the engagement of PD-L1 with PD-1, inducing to block of the downstream signaling pathways and, therefore, restore T cell function and inhibition of cancer growth. The APD–PD-L1–MIPL can quantitatively detect the bound proteins and the LOD of APD–PD-L1–MIPL is 0.003 mg mL−1. This strategy enables provide a new idea for tumor immunotherapy.

Highly efficient ferric ion sensing and high resolution latent fingerprint imaging based on fluorescent silicon quantum dots

Expanding the application of silicon based luminescent materials is a fast-growing interdisciplinary field. Herein, a novel fluorescent bifunctional probe based on silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) for highly sensitive Fe3+ sensing and high-resolution latent fingerprint (LFP) imaging was subtly devised. The SiQD solution was mildly prepared using 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane as the silicon source and sodium ascorbate as the reductant, showing green emission at 515 nm under UV irradiation with a quantum yield of 19.8%. As a highly sensitive fluorescent sensor, the SiQD was demonstrated to have a highly selective quenching with Fe3+ in the concentration range of 2–1000 μM with the LOD of 0.086 μM in water. The quenching rate constant and association constant of the SiQDs-Fe3+ complex was calculated to be 1.05 × 1012 mol/s and 6.8 × 103 L/mol, respectively, suggesting a static quenching effect between them. Moreover, to achieve high-resolution LFP imaging, a novel SiO2@SiQDs composite powder was further fabricated. The SiQDs were covalently anchored on the surface of silica nanospheres to conquer aggregation-caused quenching for the high-solid fluorescence. In the demonstration of LFP imaging, this silicon based luminescent composite exhibited high developing sensitivity, high selectivity and high contrast, indicating its practical value as a fingerprint developer at crime scenes.

Effective Adsorption and Removal of Doxorubicin from Aqueous Solutions Using Mesostructured Silica Nanospheres: Box-Behnken Design Optimization and Adsorption Performance Evaluation.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of mesoporous silica nanospheres as an adsorbent to remove doxorubicin (DOX) from aqueous solution. The surface and structural properties of mesoporous silica nanospheres were investigated using BET, SEM, XRD, TEM, ζ potential, and point of zero charge analysis. To optimize DOX removal from aqueous solution, a Box-Behnken surface statistical design (BBD) with four times factors, four levels, and response surface modeling (RSM) was used. A high amount of adsorptivity from DOX (804.84 mg/g) was successfully done under the following conditions: mesoporous silica nanospheres dose = 0.02 g/25 mL; pH = 6; shaking speed = 200 rpm; and adsorption time = 100 min. The study of isotherms demonstrated how well the Langmuir equation and the experimental data matched. According to thermodynamic characteristics, the adsorption of DOX on mesoporous silica nanospheres was endothermic and spontaneous. The increase in solution temperature also aided in the removal of DOX. The kinetic study showed that the model suited the pseudo-second-order. The suggested adsorption method could recycle mesoporous silica nanospheres five times, with a modest reduction in its ability for adsorption. The most important feature of our adsorbent is that it can be recycled five times without losing its efficiency.