Surface Texture Research Articles

Investigating the Impact of Surface Textured Solar Photovoltaic Dummies for Soiling Mitigation: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Soiling of solar collectors is a significant factor causing energy losses in solar photovoltaic power plants. The present study explores the concept of passive soiling mitigation by utilizing surface-textured solar photovoltaic dummies to minimize soiling on solar photovoltaic panels. Notably, this approach has not been extensively explored in the literature, despite its promising potential for enhancing photovoltaic system performance. Employing Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology, the dust-capturing capabilities of these surface textured photovoltaic dummies were explored. The investigation adopted the Discreet Phase Modelling approach coupled with the shear stress transport k-ω model for turbulence modelling. The study systematically analysed the optimal positioning of the dummy within distances between panel and dummy ranging from 2 m to 3 m and varied heights and tilts of installation. The wind analysis of the study area revealed an average wind speed of 3.31 m/s, with stronger winds primarily from the East of South-East to North-East. Experimental designs, incorporating dummy distance, height, and tilt angle, demonstrated that the dummy accumulated 58 % more dust compared to the photovoltaic panel due to micro-turbulences induced by its textured surface. The dummy tilt angle was identified as a critical factor influencing dust deposition, with higher angles increasing turbulent kinetic energy and enhancing dust capture. Additionally, the installation height and distance between the dummy and panel significantly impacted soiling, with closer distances offering better protection. Surface impressions on the dummy further increased dust deposition by 23 % through enhanced friction and reduced airflow. This study highlights the promising potential of surface-textured photovoltaic dummies in mitigating soiling, a concept not widely explored in existing literature. The study advocates for the widespread adoption of these photovoltaic dummies, particularly in environments prone to frequent soiling and where the installation configuration does not allow for easy application of other methods of soiling mitigation.

Co-use of laser texturing and graphene synthesis

The article is devoted to the study of wettability on combined textured surfaces (laser texturing): textured copper and graphene (Cu/G) synthesized on copper. For the first time the combined effect of various textures after laser texturing and graphene synthesis on corrosion current and wettability before and after corrosion is investigated. Previous research works have shown that the surface wettability after laser texturing varies greatly over time, from superhydrophilic to highly hydrophobic. However, the present work shows that the combined effect of laser texturing and graphene synthesis allows stabilizing the wettability of textured samples over time, as well as significantly reducing the impact of corrosion on the contact angle. The droplet contact angle changes slightly over time after corrosion. The smallest change in the contact angle corresponds to the Cu/G surface for textures with craters. At that, the corrosion current of the textured Cu/G sample is reduced 12–14 times, compared with the textured copper. The use of textures with craters provides higher corrosion resistance than in the case of textures without craters. The performed XPS analysis reveals that that the textured wall with craters has a maximum peak C = C (C1s XPS spectra). A new mechanism is proposed to explain the different wettability inversion period for textured copper with graphene synthesis. The wettability of textured surfaces is simulated using molecular dynamics methods. The contact angle of the nanodrop depends on both the textures and the hydrophilicity of the polished surface. The obtained results will be useful for the development of combined methods and composite materials in materials science to control wettability, stabilize surface properties, as well as to counteract aggressive environmental effects.

Improving interface joining strength of Ti6Al4V/AZ91D bimetal prepared by compound casting via Ni-coated Ti6Al4V lattice structure

The joining of titanium/magnesium (Ti/Mg) bimetals presents challenges due to the low mutual solubility and absence of metallurgical reactions between Ti and Mg. Herein we utilized the Ni-coated Ti6Al4V lattice structure to enhance the interfacial property of Ti6Al4V/AZ91D bimetal prepared by compound casting. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the lattice design. The resulting structure featured struts with a diameter (ds) of 2.4 mm, an aspect ratio (l/ds) ratio of 5.4, a tilt angle (ω) of 57°, and a node-to-strut diameter ratio (dn/ds) of 2.4. The optimized Ti6Al4V lattice structure manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) exhibited α′ martensite with a high dislocation density, conferring exceptional tensile strength. The rough texture of the lattice surface enhanced adhesion with the Ni coating and improved wetting and reactivity between Ni and AZ91D alloy melt. This resulted in the formation of a serrated metallurgical interface with AZ91D alloy, which was primarily composed of α-Mg + Mg2Ni eutectic structure+τ-Ni2Mg3Al ternary phases. An impressive joining strength of 116.1 MPa was obtained under the optimized lattice structure, and the bimetal joint predominantly fails through the damage of AZ91D, aligning closely with simulated failure predictions.

Optimized binarization algorithm-based method for the image recognition and characterization of explosion damage in rock masses

The quantitative analysis of rock mass damage is crucial in fields such as engineering geology, disaster prevention, mining, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering. With the advancement and application of noncontact measurement technologies and fractal theory, image-based damage identification methods are gaining increasing importance. This paper presents an optimized binarization algorithm for identifying and characterizing damage zones in granite explosion images. The method involves filtering, mathematical morphology operations, and connectivity recognition to effectively remove background noise while preserving clear boundaries of the damaged areas. It accurately captures the explosion damage in granite, both in terms of damage morphology and characteristic parameters. Additionally, the coefficient of agreement (COA) is introduced to quantitatively assess the accuracy of different methods in identifying damaged areas. The experimental results show that, compared with commonly used methods such as Otsu's method, Bernsen's algorithm, Niblack's algorithm, Sauvola's algorithm, and the K-means image clustering algorithm, the proposed method performs better in terms of identification accuracy and parameter agreement, achieving COA values near 1 across diverse experimental environments. Furthermore, the proposed method excels in handling uneven lighting, mitigating interference from rock surface textures and explosion carbonization zones, and demonstrates significant robustness in complex scenarios. The findings of this paper provide insights into the integration of engineering geology and computer vision technology. They offer valuable references for damage identification in excavation damage zones (EDZs), geological disaster evaluation, and structural damage warning systems.

Preparation of sunflower wax-based oleofoams and its application in inflatable reduced-fat mayonnaise

The present work aimed to prepare inflatable reduced-fat mayonnaise by using sunflower wax-based oleofoams (SWOF) as an oil phase. The effects of SW concentrations on the microstructure and the physical properties of oleofoams were investigated. Then the stable oleofoam formulations were chosen to prepare inflatable mayonnaise, and the functionality related to the physical (textural properties and thermal stability) and sensory attributes (appearance, color, and viscosity) of inflatable reduced-fat mayonnaise was compared with commercial low-fat mayonnaise (CLFM) & full-fat mayonnaise (CFFM). The microstructure study of SWOF indicated the presence of clearly visible SW crystals at the air-oil boundary and inside the continuous phase. This suggests that the stability of SWOF was accomplished through both Pickering and network crystallization. The SWOF exhibited a multi-layered sandwich structure, and the crystal layer thickness increased in oleofoams as the SW concentration rose. The oleofoams containing exceeded 6 wt% SW had better foamability and stability, a more elastic network, and a clear surface texture. Inflatable mayonnaise prepared by 10SWOF had comparable brightness, mouthfeel, and texture to CLFM, but sensitized to temperature. In general, the whipped mayonnaise prepared in this investigation had an acceptable appearance and textural properties and was suitable for foods that do not require heating.

Depth Perception in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality: Investigating the Impact of Texture Density, Luminance Contrast, and Color Contrast.

The immersive augmented reality (AR) system necessitates precise depth registration between virtual objects and the real scene. Prior studies have emphasized the efficacy of surface texture in providing depth cues to enhance depth perception across various media, including the real scene, virtual reality, and AR. However, these studies predominantly focus on black-and-white textures, leaving a gap in understanding the effectiveness of colored textures. To address this gap and further explore texture-related factors in AR, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different texture cues on depth perception using the perceptual matching method. Findings indicate that the absolute depth error increases with decreasing contrast under black-and-white texture. Moreover, textures with higher color contrast also contribute to enhanced accuracy of depth judgments in AR. However, no significant effect of texture density on depth perception was observed. The findings serve as a theoretical reference for texture design in AR, aiding in the optimization of virtual-real registration processes.

Enhancing Laser Surface Texturing with Driving Training-Based Optimization: A Metaheuristic Approach

Enhancing Laser Surface Texturing with Driving Training-Based Optimization: A Metaheuristic Approach

Fabrication and tribological properties of bionic surface texture self-lubricating 60NiTi alloy via selective laser melting and infiltration

Due to its low elastic modulus, low density, non-magnetic and good lubricity, 60NiTi alloy is considered a novel fourth-generation aerospace bearing material. In this paper, 60NiTi biomimetic surface textured self-lubricating composites were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and high-temperature fusion infiltration (HTFI). The effects of different slit widths (NTD), edge lengths (NTA), and soft metal Sn-Pb-Ag (SPA) infiltration on its tribological properties were studied. The results show that the NTA-SPA structural samples with medium texture density (ρ=16%) promoted the diffusion of the lubricant phase to the friction surface, resulting in a complete lubricant film. The COF stabilized at 0.2, and the wear rate decreased to 0.56×10-3 mm3/Nm, providing a more stable self-lubrication effect compared to the NTD-SPA sample.

Shear behavior at the interface of rough surfaces and cohesive soils under axial loading

Foundation elements with rough (textured) surfaces mobilize larger interface shear resistance than ones with conventional smooth or random rough surfaces when sheared against soils under monotonic loading. The overall performance of foundation elements such as piles supporting offshore wind turbines, suction caissons supporting tidal energy converters, soil nails, and soil anchors installed in cohesive soils could be enhanced through utilizing rough (textured) surfaces to resist applied static and/or cyclic loading. This paper describes the shear behavior of smooth and rough (textured) surfaces in kaolinite clay and kaolinite clay-sand mixture soils under static and cyclic axial loading. The experimental investigation presented herein consists of a series of interface shear tests performed on 3D printed rough (textured) surfaces and a 3D printed smooth reference surface utilizing the Cyclic Interface Shear Test system. The paper includes a description of the interface testing system components, cohesive soil specimens’ preparation procedure, smooth and rough (textured) surfaces details, testing procedure, and results of static and cyclic tests. Test results indicate that kaolinite clay-sand mixture soil mobilized larger static and post-cyclic interface shear resistance and volume contraction relative to kaolinite clay soil when sheared against the smooth reference surface. When tested against rough (textured) surfaces with variable asperity height, larger shear resistance was mobilized and larger soil dilation greater than that mobilized by the reference untextured surface in both soils. The results also indicate rough (textured) surfaces exhibited a prevalent frictional anisotropy increases with asperity angle and height in cohesive soils, the surfaces mobilized larger shear resistance and volume change in one direction (i.e., against the asperity right-angled side) than the other direction (i.e., along the asperity inclined side).

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Masked Multiple Passes Abrasive Waterjet Machining Surface Texturing on Coefficient of Friction

The surface texturing method is popular because of its ability to improve surface properties, specifically surface functioning, and friction control. It is a common technique used on material surfaces to improve friction performance. Laser surface texturing is the popular choice; however, this method suffers drawbacks such as cracking, heat-affected zone, and generation of hazardous fumes. The Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) was chosen is that, because the eroded material is carried by the waterjet, the process is clean and does not produce dust, chips, or chemical contaminants. This experiment examines the influence of AWJM and investigates how crater density and a multiple-pass machining path affect the stainless-steel friction characteristics when sliding in dry conditions. The texture was applied on the surface of stainless steel by masked multi-passes AWJM technique. According to the findings, there is less friction in craters with greater densities because there are more craters in the contact zone, which improves the trapping of debris particles and reduces friction, when the crater density rises from 4% to 18%, there is a greater chance of worn debris becoming trapped, which reduces friction. The coefficient of friction and crater roughness of the stainless-steel surface are all proportionally affected by the multiple-passes approach. The coefficient of friction increases with higher machining passes. There is more erosion and greater roughness when there are more jet passes. It is concluded that the masked multiple passes AWJM Surface Texturing technique has a significant impact on the Coefficient of Friction (COF).

Identifying failure factors due to corrosion erosion on pressured steam pipe elbow in geothermal power plant

This paper presents the findings of a corrosion erosion failure analysis of elbow pipe materials used to flow high-pressure water from underground. The failed elbow pipe material was above the wellhead forming a straight line in the longitudinal direction with a pipe length of 6200 feet below the ground surface. The working fluid in the elbow pipe was 25 % steam and 75 % water, flowing in the elbow pipe with a media flow rate of 180 tons per hour, a pressure of 22 bar, and a temperature of 220 °C. Elbow tubes were made of low carbon steel with Standard ASTM A234 having an outer diameter of 304.8 mm and a wall thickness of 9.271 mm. Macroscopic testing, chemical composition analysis, metallographic testing, hardness testing, X-ray diffraction testing, SEM, and EDS are a few of the test types conducted. The study's findings showed that the elbow tubes experienced a thinning process on the inner wall of the outer curvature side with a rough and wavy surface texture or appearance. This type of failure is known as erosion-corrosion. The level of erosion-corrosion failure that occurs is greatly influenced by the pH of the fluid being flowed reaching 2.67–2.91, this is due to the very high Cl- of 1290 ppm, so the higher the rate of erosion-corrosion that occurs. These materials are the most popular and widely used in the oil and gas sector. However, this pipe has weaknesses because it is susceptible to erosion-corrosion Therefore, it is very important to choose the right material, namely, a material that is resistant to erosion-corrosion

Nanoengineering Spikey Surfaces: Investigation of Reversible Organizational Control of Surface-Tethered Polypeptide Brushes.

Nature serves as an important source of inspiration for the innovation and development of micro- and nanostructures for advanced functional surfaces and substrates. One example used in nature is a spikey surface ranging from micrometer-sized spikes on pollen grains down to the nanometer-scale protein spikes found on viruses. This study explored the realization of such highly textured surfaces via the nanoengineering of self-assembled poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) "nanospikes", exploiting solvent-induced chain organization, controlled surface chemical functionality, and enhanced stability in the form of polymer brushes. The reversible solvent-responsive behavior of these polymer chains and the aggregation behavior of the chain-ends were investigated via fluorescence characterization and studied through molecular simulations. Vapor-based solvent treatments were developed for orientation control with in situ analysis to understand film response and brush organizational behavior under different selected conditions. The effect of sub-100 nm nanopatterning on surface morphology and chain organization was examined via an integrated approach of experimental and computational studies. The methodologies established in this study present opportunities for engineering sophisticated nanoscale spikey surfaces with high customizability by means of nanolithography combined with solvent-assisted treatments.

Macrophage Immunomodulation and Suppression of Bacterial Growth by Polydimethylsiloxane Surface-Interrupted Microlines' Topography Targeting Breast Implant Applications.

Since breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women, silicone mammary implants have been extensively employed in numerous breast reconstruction procedures. However, despite the crucial role they play, their interaction with the host's immune system and microbiome is poorly understood. Considering this, the present work investigates the immunomodulatory and bacterial mitigation potential of six textured surfaces, based on linear step-like features with various regular and irregular multiscaled arrangements, in comparison to a flat PDMS surface. We hypothesise that the chosen surface geometries are capable of modulating the cellular response through mechanical interdigitation within the multiscaled surface morphology, independent of the surface chemical properties. Each type of sample was characterised from a physico-chemical and biological points of view and by comparison to the flat PDMS surface. The overall results proved that the presence of linear multiscaled step-like features on the PDMS surface influenced both the surface's characteristics (e.g., surface energy, wettability, and roughness parameters), as well as the cellular response. Thus, the biological evaluation revealed that, to different degrees, biomaterial-induced macrophage activation can be mitigated by the newly designed microtextured surfaces. Moreover, the reduction in bacteria adherence up to 90%, suggested that the topographical altered surfaces are capable of suppressing bacterial colonisation, therefore demonstrating that in a surgical environment at risk of bacterial contamination, they can be better tolerated.

Tribological Properties of Multilayer DLC/MoS2 Nanocomposite Coatings on Microtextured Titanium Alloy Surfaces

Single surface texture or coating technology is gradually unable to produce lasting lubrication of a TC4 titanium alloy in a harsh environment. In order to address this problem, a rectangular microstructure is prepared on the surface of a TC4 titanium alloy by laser processing, and then MoS2/DLC composite interlayer nanocoatings are prepared on the surface by non-equilibrium magnetron sputtering. Friction and wear tests are then carried out on single fabricated, coated and fabricated coatings. The results show that the MoS2/DLC composite interlayered nanocoating can effectively combine with the texture to achieve better friction reduction compared with the single texture and coating. The textured composite coating has the lowest friction coefficient (reduced from 0.4122 to 0.0978) and wear. Through controlled experiments, the textured coating showed good tribological properties at different temperatures and in different friction cycle tests. This study can effectively improve the tribological properties of metal materials through composite coatings, providing research ideas for enhancing the service life of alloys under long-term friction in high-temperature environments.

Curve smoothening for the analysis of fractal dimensions of blast-cleaned steel surface textures for tribological and adhesion interfaces

Abstract Fractal dimensions are increasingly used for the characterization of surface textures for tribological and adhesion applications. The resolution of 2D profiles acquired from various measurement methods can be adjusted via curve smoothing. It is still unclear whether curve smoothing would notably affect the estimated fractal dimensions. In this communication, 2D profiles of twelve blast-cleaned surface settings were derived by means of a data manipulation software, including a curve smoothing procedure. The fractal dimensions were estimated, and Design of Experiments was applied to analyze the relationships. Factors included abrasive type, preparation grade, roughness, and curve smoothing. Analysis of Variance indicated that the contribution of curve smoothing to the regression model was as low as 1.0%. Therefore, for blast-cleaned substrates, curve smoothing effects can be neglected with respect to the contributions of roughness and abrasive type, when estimating the fractal dimensions.

Enhanced Olivine Reactivity in Wet Supercritical CO2 for Engineered Mineral Carbon Sequestration.

The success of CO2 mineralization as a potential solution for reducing carbon emissions hinges on understanding chemical interactions between basaltic minerals and CO2-charged fluids. This study provides a detailed analysis of olivine dissolution in CO2-water mixtures at 90 and 150 °C, 2-9 MPa, and for 8 and 24 h, in both water- and CO2-dominant conditions. By using olivine crystal sections instead of powders, surface agitation is prevented, closing the gap between laboratory studies and natural settings. Surface chemistry, texture, and cross-sectional properties were examined pre- and postreaction using a multiscale approach combining spectroscopic and imaging techniques. Results show that wet supercritical CO2 environments lead to significant olivine dissolution, forming Mg-depleted, Si-enriched etched surfaces, and under certain conditions, the formation of passivating silica precipitates. In contrast, reactions in aqueous fluids caused minimal changes in surface chemistry and texture with no silica precipitation. These observations indicate that reaction extent in the CO2-rich phase is greater relative to water-rich mixtures at equivalent temperature, pressure, and reaction duration. The presence of silica precipitates incorporating leached metals indicates limited transport of reactant away from reaction sites in a CO2-rich medium. This study semi-quantitatively evaluates reaction extents in both CO2-rich and aqueous systems across a wide range of parameters, demonstrating faster mineralization in CO2-rich environments and highlighting their potential for enhancing the CO2 storage efficiency.

Study on the wear performance of 304 stainless steel aerospace joint bearings

In order to investigate the influence of surface micro-texture on the oil film carrying capacity, a theoretical model of dynamic pressure lubrication is constructed based on CFD, and dynamic pressure lubrication simulation and friction and wear experimental research are used to analyse the influence of speed and load on the friction behaviour of the bearing pair, and the wear performance of the specimen is evaluated by means of the surface morphology and friction coefficient. The results show that the carrying capacity of the oil film on the textured surface is relatively large compared with that of the non-textured surface, showing regular fluctuations, and that the pressure values of turbulent flow are greater than those of laminar flow. As the rotational speed increases, the cavitation effect becomes more and more obvious, and the carrying capacity of the oil film increases. The smaller the thickness of the surface oil film, the higher the load carrying capacity and the lower the degree of wear; The surfaces of the textured specimens showed the best friction reduction and anti-wear properties, followed by the smooth surfaces and the worst rough surfaces. With the increase of rotational speed, the friction coefficient tends to decrease. When the rotational speed is 0.4 m s−1, the wear of the textured surface is reduced. With the increase of load, the thickness of the formed oil film decreases, the friction coefficient decreases, and the anti-friction effect of the textured surface increases. This indicates that the surface texure treatment of 304 stainless steel, and the selection of appropriate working condition parameters can effectively reduce wear during the friction process, and improve the wear resistance of bearings.

Road Surface Texture Evaluation and Relation to Low-Speed Skid Resistance for Different Types of Mixtures

Pavement skid resistance is significant for driving safety. British Pendulum Number (BPN) is commonly used as a low-speed skid resistance indicator, whereas sometimes it is impractical for data collection on roads in service. Since skid resistance is greatly affected by pavement surface texture, this research aims to evaluate pavement surface texture comprehensively and estimate the low-speed friction BPN from road surface texture on macro- and micro- scale. Asphalt Concrete (AC) and Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) were included. Road surface texture was evaluated from four aspects, texture depth, amplitude-related Root Means Square (RMS), elevation variances corresponding to different wavebands and texture spectral analysis. Texture depth indicators include Mean Texture Depth (MTD) and Mean Profile Depth (MPD). Elevation variances with three wavebands, from 5 mm to 50 mm, from 0.5 mm to 5 mm and from 0.024 mm to 0.5 mm respectively, were obtained. The results show that MPD is well correlated with MTD. Elevation variances with different wavebands demonstrates that the elevation variance of macro-texture with long wavelengths from 5 mm to 50 mm dominates the total variance. Spectral analysis shows that texture level is larger when the wavelength is beyond 4 mm, which is consistent with elevation variances. A linear regression between BPN and single texture index, as well as multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. The former regression result indicates that it is not feasible to estimate BPN using single index due to low correlation coefficient R2. The latter shows that the BPN can be estimated from texture levels corresponding to 64 mm and 2 mm, and the micro-texture. The R2 can be up to 0.684. This research will contribute to fast acquisition of BPN from pavement surface texture, thus improving skid resistance.

Impact of Biofilms on Surface Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Resins.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins are widely used in medical and dental applications. Their susceptibility to bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges related to material degradation and infection risk. This study investigated the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms on PMMA resin surface properties over a 45-day period at 35°C. The study examined various parameters including biofilm adhesion, morphology, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, solid fraction, and zeta potential. PMMA resin specimens were inoculated with bacteria and incubated for 45 days. Biofilm adhesion was visually assessed, while surface characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), roughness analysis, contact angle measurements, solid fraction determination, and zeta potential analysis. The P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates were selected based on their biofilm-positive characteristics, which were further confirmed using Congo red and biofilm formation assays through crystal violet staining and spectrophotometric analysis. The results demonstrated robust biofilm adhesion on PMMA surfaces. SEM and AFM imaging revealed textured surfaces with elevated structures and depressions within the biofilm matrix. Biofilm-exposed resins exhibited significantly increased roughness (Ra = 164.5 nm, Rq = 169.5 nm) and hydrophobicity (mean angle = 85.5°-90.5°) compared to control samples (Ra = 38-50 nm, angle = 55°). Solid fraction measurements indicated a denser biofilm matrix on exposed resins (0.908) compared to controls (0.65). Additionally, zeta potential values were more negative for biofilm-exposed resins (mean = -84.2 mV) than controls (-45.0 mV). These findings underscore the substantial alterations in PMMA resin surface properties induced by bacterial biofilms, emphasizing the critical need for strategies to prevent biofilm formation and mitigate associated risks in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on developing anti-biofilm coatings or treatments to preserve the integrity and functionality of PMMA materials.

Box-Behnken Design for MAFM Precision Surface Finishing of Al-6063/SiC/B<sub>4</sub>C Composites: A Comparative Study with Nature-Inspired Algorithms

Precision polishing is difficult for advanced materials like silicon carbide and boron carbide. Magnetic abrasive flow machining (MAFM) has become an effective method for cleaning, deburring, and polishing metal and high-tech engineering parts. By finishing hybrid Al/SiC/B4C-metal matrix composites (MMCs), this research uses MAFM for experimental readings. The present work is innovative due to the aluminum workpiece fixture, hybrid composites, and response surface methodology (RSM) modeling. The neural simulation of the MAFM process and nature-inspired error reduction make it unique. Using six input and two output parameters, a generic framework is created. Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology plans and executes 54 runs of experimentation. The hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) technique is used to compare the MAFM process systematically. ANN is used to model parameter input-output relations. To anticipate the created surface accurately, regression models must be precise. These hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO)-genetic algorithm (GA)-simulated annealing (SA) algorithms optimize the MAFM process. Additionally, trained ANN models outperform the BBD model in prediction. For optimal error reduction, the neural network uses Bayesian regularization with 112 iterations. The ANN model regression graph shows a correlation between inputs and outputs. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with 300-magnification examines the workpiece surface. According to SEM, MAFM provides fine surface textures, thus reducing abnormalities.