Surface Tension Measurement Method Research Articles

The critical micelle concentration of Teric X10 by the small rod-in-free-surface method of surface tension measurement

The rod-in-free-surface method using a small rod (0.748 mm in diameter) is shown to be an excellent method of surface tension measurement. The CMC at 50°C of the non-ionic surfactant Teric X10 is found by this method to be 0.168 mmol dm −3, in good agreement with the value 0.173 mmol dm −3 obtained by the pendent drop method. Both methods reveal time-dependent surface properties at concentrations below the CMC.

Laser interferometric measurement of the surface tension of thin foils

A technique has been developed to measure the surface tension of thin foils under their own vapor pressure. The zero creep method of surface tension measurement is used in conjunction with laser interferometry. This technique allows very small sample strains to be measured. Sample length changes of the order of 0.3 μm were measured with the laser interferometer. The sensitivity of the laser interferometer/zero creep system allows the surface tension to be measured much closer to the Tammann temperature, which is approximately one-half the melting temperature (≍1/2 Tm) of the material. The system has been tested on thin Sn foils in air, and on thin Al and Ni foils under their own vapor pressure (vacuum).

Menisci formed by a cone at a free liquid surface. An absolute method of surface tension measurement

A method is described by which the surface tension of a liquid may be measured from the maximum force exerted by a meniscus formed between a cone and the free surface of a liquid. The maximum force on the cone depends on the angle of the cone, the angle of contact of the liquid with the surface of the cone and on the capillary constant of the system.

The basis of theoretical correction factors for use with the drop weight method of surface tension measurement

The basis of theoretical correction factors for use with the drop weight method of surface tension measurement

Corrections for surface tension measured by Wilhelmy method

In the Wilhelmy method of surface tension measurement it is necessary to correct for (1) the lowering of liquid level caused by the meniscus formation when the liquid touches the hanging plate (meniscus correction) and (2) for the difference between the effective and geometrical peripheral length of the plate (peripheral correction). The application of these two corrections is studied for both water and toluene using a number of hanging glass plates and rods and platinum plates differing in the size and shape of their horizontal cross sections. The following empirical equation was obtained: σPM=σ[1−(sS)][1+(l0L)], where πP M denotes the surface tension corrected for the peripheral and meniscus errors, π is the observed surface tension, S is the surface area of a liquid in a vessel, s and L are the cross-sectional area and peripheral length of the hanging plate and rod, and l0 is the constant for the peripheral correction. The values of l0 are from −0.008 to −0.010 cm for plates, −0.005 cm for triangular rods, and zero for cylindrical rods. These values are independent of the peripheral length and material of the plates or rods.

Adsorption of n-alkanols at the Air/Aqueous Solution Interface

Adsorption at the air/aqueous solution interface of n-alkanols with hydrophobic alkyl chains containing 1–8 carbon atoms has been studied by the pendant drop method of surface tension measurement. Standard thermodynamic quantities of transfer of n-alkanols to this interface from bulk solution, liquid alkanol, and alkanol vapor have been calculated using thermodyamic data for solution and vaporization of liquid n-alkanols. Standard heats of adsorption of n-alkanols from methanol to pentanol from the pure liquid state to the air/solution interface show little dependence on chain length. It is inferred that methylene groups of the adsorbed molecules are in contact with the water, whereas the standard enthalphy change (≈ −2.6 kcal/mole) is a measure of the difference in hydrogen bonding energy for a hydroxyl group in the liquid alkanol and water. The standard entropy of adsorption from the vapor phase is about twice the theoretical entropy change accompanying the loss of one degree of translational freedom due to the strong interaction of the hydroxyl group with the aqueous substrate.

The Double-Capillary Method of Surface Tension Measurement

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Double-Capillary Method of Surface Tension MeasurementS. T. BowdenS. T. BowdenMore by S. T. BowdenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1930, 34, 8, 1866–1868Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1930https://doi.org/10.1021/j150314a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (133 KB) Get e-Alerts