Surface Pore Research Articles

Disorder Over Pore Size: Boosting Supercapacitor Efficiency

The urgent need for efficient energy storage systems has spotlighted supercapacitors and nanostructured porous carbon materials, which require structural optimization to enhance their performance and lifespan, necessitating advanced design and synthesis techniques. Recent research by Forse et al. published in Science reveals that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances their capacitance performance, suggesting that optimizing structural disorder is key to developing high‐energy‐density supercapacitors. This study innovatively shows that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances capacitance performance, surpassing traditional factors like pore size and surface area. The investigation of multiple nanoporous carbons from a range of different suppliers showcases the generalizability of the findings. Annealing treatment further confirms that the capacitance enhancement is due to structural disorder. This discovery guides the design and synthesis of new efficient electrode materials, providing a new direction for the future development of supercapacitors.

Disorder Over Pore Size: Boosting Supercapacitor Efficiency

The urgent need for efficient energy storage systems has spotlighted supercapacitors and nanostructured porous carbon materials, which require structural optimization to enhance their performance and lifespan, necessitating advanced design and synthesis techniques. Recent research by Forse et al. published in Science reveals that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances their capacitance performance, suggesting that optimizing structural disorder is key to developing high‐energy‐density supercapacitors. This study innovatively shows that structural disorder in nanoporous carbon materials significantly enhances capacitance performance, surpassing traditional factors like pore size and surface area. The investigation of multiple nanoporous carbons from a range of different suppliers showcases the generalizability of the findings. Annealing treatment further confirms that the capacitance enhancement is due to structural disorder. This discovery guides the design and synthesis of new efficient electrode materials, providing a new direction for the future development of supercapacitors.

Drying–Wetting Correlation Analysis of Chloride Transport Behavior and Mechanism in Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Concrete

In response to rising CO2 emissions in the cement industry and the growing demand for durable offshore engineering materials, calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement concrete, known for its lower carbon footprint and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), is increasingly important. However, the chloride transport behavior of CSA concrete in both laboratory and marine environments remains underexplored and controversial. Accordingly, the chloride ion transport behaviors and mechanisms of CSA concrete in laboratory-accelerated drying-wetting cyclic environments using NaCl solution and seawater, as well as in marine tidal environments, were characterized using the rapid chloride test (RCT), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury infiltration porosimetry (MIP), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results reveal that CSA concrete accumulates more chloride ions in NaCl solution than in seawater, with concentrations 2–3.5 times higher at the same water–cement ratio. Microscopic analysis indicates that calcium and sulfate ions present in seawater facilitate the regeneration of ettringite, thereby increasing the density of the surface pore structure. The hydration and repair mechanisms of CSA concrete under laboratory conditions closely resemble those in marine tidal conditions when exposed to seawater. Additionally, this study found that lower chloride ion concentrations and pH levels inhibit the formation of Friedel’s salt. Therefore, laboratory experiments with seawater can effectively simulate CSA concrete’s chloride transport properties in marine tidal environments, whereas NaCl solution does not accurately reflect actual marine conditions.

Catalyzing Knoevenagel Condensation and Radioiodine Sequestration with Tuned Porous Organic Polymers to Decipher the Role of Surface Area, Pore Volume, and Heteroatom.

The impact of surface area, pore volume, and heteroatom type on the performance of porous organic polymers (POPs) in various applications remains unclear. To investigate this, three isoreticular POPs were employed having one common building block, resulting in varying surface areas, pore volumes, and heteroatom compositions. This study aimed to establish a correlation between the structural features of POPs (surface area, pore volume, and heteroatom type) with their adsorption capacity, and catalytic efficiency. To explore this relationship, the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was used as a model system, testing various substituted aldehydes to further validate our findings. Additionally, the capture of radioactive iodine vapor at 75°C was simulated to examine the correlation with adsorption capacity, comparing the gravimetric iodine uptake capacity of each POP to gain insights into this relationship.

Effects of Ageing on Surface Properties of Biochar and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil

This study aims to explore the effects of biochar ageing on its surface properties and the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The biochar was subjected to chemical oxidation/dry–wet cycles (CDWs), chemical oxidation/freeze–thaw cycles (CFTs), and natural ageing (NT) to analyze changes in the elemental composition, pH, specific surface area, pore volume, and surface functional groups. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize the functional groups and microstructure, and the BCR sequential extraction method was employed to demonstrate the fractionation distribution of Cu, Cd, and Pb. The results showed that the CDWs and CFTs treatments significantly reduced the carbon content of the biochar (with a maximum reduction to 47.70%), increased the oxygen content (up to 49.17%), and notably increased the specific surface area and pore volume. The pH decreased significantly from 9.91 to 4.92 and 4.99 for the CDWs and the CFTs, respectively. The FTIR analysis indicated notable changes in hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, and the SEM revealed severe microstructural damage in biochar after the CDWs and CFTs treatments. The heavy metal fractionation analysis indicated that exchangeable Cu, Cd, and Pb significantly increased after the CDWs treatment, reaching 31.40%, 5.25%, and 6.79%, respectively. In conclusion, biochar ageing significantly affects its physicochemical properties and increases the bioavailability of heavy metals, raising concerns about its long-term remediation effectiveness.

Advanced pyro-/piezoelectric catalytic disinfection of water via porous spontaneously polarized ceramic with strong local electric field induced by micro-nano bubbles

In-situ electroporation disinfection technology inactivates microorganisms by local electric field penetrating antioxidant membranes without producing by-products, which reduces the consumption of oxidants. However, this individual technology exhibits weak disinfection performance for high water fluxes. Herein, a disinfection system based on the synergy of porous spontaneously polarized ceramic (PSPC) and micro-nano bubbles (MNB) (PSPC/MNB disinfection system, PMDS) was constructed for efficient disinfection of drinking water. Pyro-/piezoelectric effects of PSPC induced by MNB collapse constructed a 1.92 × 108 V/m of local electric field (simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics) and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS; •OH, 1O2, •O2−, and H2O2), resulting in electroporation damage on microorganisms and subsequent fatal oxidation of the intracellular contents by ROS. PMDS completely inactivated 107 CFU/mL of E. coli within 45 min, about 10 times faster than the MNB process, which is attributed to that the abundant porous and rough surface in PSPC increased the specific surface area and dipoles for pyro-/piezoelectric catalysis. Moreover, MNB collapse enriched •OH and induced pyro-/piezoelectric effects of PSPC through local temperature and pressure gradients. Synergistic interaction of PSPC/MNB collected additional thermal and mechanical energies besides the collapse of MNB, and the pyro-/piezoelectricity-induced in-situ electroporation–ROS deep oxidation avoided oxidant consumption and hazardous by-products. PMDS presented favorable disinfection efficiency in actual drinking water source, expected to be a practical system for eliminating microbial hazards in drinking water.

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEOLITES AND THEIR APPLICATION AS A CATALYST

Because of their wide range of uses in catalysis, adsorption, and ion exchange, zeolites, which belong to the family of microporous aluminosilicate minerals, have garnered a lot of interest in recent years. The synthesis and characterisation of a variety of zeolites, as well as their potential application as catalysts in certain industrial processes, are the primary objectives of this research. Following the hydrothermal synthesis of various zeolite structures, such as ZSM-5, Y-zeolite, and Beta-zeolite, using a variety of templates and raw materials, followed by the structural and chemical characterization of these zeolite structures using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the research is being conducted. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and selectivity of the produced zeolites in comparison to traditional catalysts, their catalytic activity is examined in a number of different processes, such as cracking, isomerization, and alkylation. The findings indicate that the particular pore structure, surface area, and acidity of the zeolites have a substantial impact on the catalytic activity of the zeolites. In addition, the catalytic capabilities of zeolites can be further improved by modifying them by ion exchange or impregnation with metal nanoparticles (for example, platinum or lead). After doing the research, the researchers came to the conclusion that zeolites have the potential to be effective catalysts for a variety of chemical transformations that are also kind to the environment. These catalysts are interesting alternatives to traditional catalysts in industrial processes such as the refinement of petrochemicals and the creation of sustainable energy because of their adaptability, the fact that their characteristics may be tuned, and the fact that they can be recycled.

Agricultural waste-based biochars for sustainable removal of heavy metals from stabilized landfill leachate.

In this work, biochars were used as adsorbents to remove Cu, Cd, and Zn ions in a real stabilized leachate from a controlled landfill. Oak fruit shells biochar (OFSBC) and date palm fibers biochar (DPFBC) were obtained by pyrolysis of oak fruit shells and date palm fibers at 700°C and 400°C, respectively. OFSBC and DPFBC showed well-developed structures and high specific surface areas (520.16 m2/g and 470.46 m2/g, respectively). Equilibrium adsorption of heavy metal ions on DPFBC and OFSBC occurred after 4h and 2h of stirring. The removal efficiencies of Cu, Cd, and Zn ions were 97.01%, 94.40%, and 80.59% with DPFBC and 90.10%, 88.33%, and 76.16% using OFSBC, respectively. The Avrami fractional order model was appropriate for describing kinetic adsorption. Increasing the dose of adsorbent improves heavy metal ion retention. Thermodynamic tests have proven the spontaneous and endothermic adsorption of these heavy metals. The electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, complexation, metal-π bending, and surface precipitation and pore filling were regarded as the most predominant heavy metal retention mechanisms from the landfill leachate onto the biochar surface. Separately, the DPFBC showed the best performance than OFSBC regarding the improvement of leachate quality. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and phosphorus (P) were respectively removed at an efficiency of 53.57%, 29.17%, 36.07%, and 37.5%, respectively. Thus, the results allow highlighting that the adsorption on DPFBC and OFSBC can be an effective alternative in the practice of landfill leachate treatment.

Preparation of slippery liquid-infused porous surface with high stability by SiO2-assisted polyimide porous membrane

Preparation of slippery liquid-infused porous surface with high stability by SiO2-assisted polyimide porous membrane

Patterned Ultraslippery Surfaces of Stainless Steel Prepared by Femtosecond Laser Ablation for Directional Manipulation of Liquid Droplets.

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) have promising applications in chip laboratories, nanofriction power generation, and microfluidics due to their excellent properties such as good hydrophobicity and low adhesion. However, the self-driven stability of conventionally lubricated surfaces is not high, and the velocity of liquid droplets is difficult to regulate. This greatly limits the potential applications of SLIPS. A strategy is offered to prepare microporous structures of SLIPS directly on a stainless-steel substrate using femtosecond laser processing technology as the main means to realize exhibiting smoothness to liquids. At the same time, the principle of bionics is utilized, the porous structure of SLIPS is combined with the groove structure of rice leaves, or porous structures are combined with the wedge structure of shorebird beak to prepare the three-dimensional structure of SLIPS. Droplets exhibit significant individual anisotropy on three-dimensional (3D) SLIPS of leaf-like groove stripe structure in rice, enabling the precise control of droplet motion direction. When droplets are transported in wedge-shaped SLIPS with an asymmetric structure, the wedge edge can limit the direction of droplet motion while squeezing the droplet to generate Laplace pressure gradient, which achieves continuous self-driven transport of droplets. In addition, based on the above two processing strategies, an information transfer device is designed: the splicing of the self-driven transport surface with anisotropic topological channels enables the differential drive for liquid transport, which provides the conditions for the information transfer of the droplets. This strategy not only is simple and efficient but also provides new ideas for the effective development of multifunctional SLIPS as well as lab-on-a-chip and microfluidic domains.

High-Pressure CO2 and CH4 Transport in Smooth Crystalline Silica Mesopores: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

In this study, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study pressure-driven CO2 and CH4 flows and their slippage behaviors in β-cristobalite mesopores. The result illustrates that both CO2 and CH4 have an apparent adsorption layer on pore surface. However, significant differences in gas slippage are observed: CH4 flow shows considerable slippage, while it is negligible for CO2 flow. This disparity is attributed to the collective effect of gas molecular configurations and surface structure. The linear molecular structure of CO2 allows it to align perpendicular to the surface, even penetrating into the surface. Notably, the perpendicular orientation of CO2 molecules is energetically favored near the center of the equilateral triangle formed by adjacent oxygen atoms on β-cristobalite surface. Conversely, the symmetric molecular structure of CH4, coupled with its larger size, prevents its penetration into pore surfaces. Therefore, despite smooth crystalline surfaces, CO2 topological accessible plane is much more curved than that of CH4. Consequently, CO2 displays hesitating motions undergoing rotational movements, which significantly hinders its slippage. This study highlights the collective influences of gas molecular characteristics and surface structure on gas slippage, affording important insights into gas sequestration and the development of functional materials for gas separation.

The potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica as an adsorbent and a catalyst in carbon capture, utilization, and storage.

Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG; e.g., CO2) are regarded as the most critical cause of the current global climate crisis. To combat this issue, a plethora of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have been proposed and developed based on a number of technical principles (e.g., post-combustion capture, chemical looping, and catalytic conversion). In this light, the potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) materials is recognized for specific CCUS applications (such as adsorptive capture of CO2 and its catalytic conversion into a list of value-added products (e.g., methane, carbon monoxide, and cyclic carbonates)) with the highly tunable properties (e.g., high surface area, pore volume, multifunctional surface, and open pore structure). This review has been organized to offer a comprehensive evaluation of the approaches required for tuning the textural/morphological/surface properties of DFNS (based on multiple synthesis and modification scenarios) toward CCUS applications. It further discusses the effects of such approaches on the properties of DFNS materials in relation to their CCUS performance. This review is thus expected to help develop and implement advanced strategies for DFNS-based CCUS technologies.

Multifunctional and Ultrastable Co-MOF Effectively Separates Various Different Component Gas Mixtures.

Developing low-cost and multifunctional adsorbents for adsorption separation to obtain high-purity (>99.9%) gases is intriguing yet challenging. Notably, the ongoing trade-off between adsorption capacity and selectivity in separating multicomponent mixed gases still persists as a pressing scientific challenge requiring urgent attention. Herein, the ultrastable TJT-100 exhibits unique structural characteristics including uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms, coordinated water molecules directed toward the pore surface, and sufficient Me2NH2+ cations in channels. TJT-100 exhibits a high adsorption capacity and exceptional separation performance, particularly notable for its high C2H2 capacity of 127.7 cm3/g and remarkable C2H2 selectivity over CO2 (5.4) and CH4 (19.8), which makes it a standout material for various separation applications. In a breakthrough experiment with a C2H2/CO2 mixture (v/v = 50/50), TJT-100 achieved a record-high C2H2 productivity of 69.33 L/kg with a purity of 99.9%. Additionally, TJT-100 demonstrates its effectiveness in separating CO2 from natural gas and flue gas. Its exceptional selectivity for CO2/CH4 (10.7) and CO2/N2 (11.9) results in a high CO2 productivity of 21.23 and 22.93 L/kg with 99.9% purity from CO2/CH4 (v/v = 50/50) and CO2/N2 (v/v = 15/85) mixtures, respectively.

Circular economy approach for thermal regeneration of graphene-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent for sustainable wastewater management

High-performing nanostructured magnetic adsorbents, featuring enhanced dye adsorption from wastewater at various conditions of pH, and separability through the application of magnetic fields, offer significant technical advantages for streamlined water purification processes. Moreover, the efficient regeneration of exhausted magnetic adsorbents provides additional benefits in terms of the sustainability of adsorption process and promoting circular economy principles. Here, we explore the performance of the graphene encapsulated magnetic adsorbent Ni0.4Fe2.6O4/(Fe,Ni)@graphene (GMA) for decolorization of wastewater containing crystal violet (CV), and its reusability properties through thermal regeneration of the exhausted adsorbent at temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 °C. The graphene layer around GMA provides an enhanced adsorption capacity and stability for the agent. Meanwhile, the application of a straightforward and potentially low-cost thermal treatment offers a rapid regeneration strategy, facilitating efficient recycling of the adsorbent. While maintaining structural and morphological stability up to 400 °C, samples regenerated at this temperature exhibit a BET surface area and pore volume of 207.46 m²/g and 0.44 cm³/g, respectively, closely resembling those of the original adsorbent. The regenerated sample recovers over 92 % of the original adsorption capacity. At the same time, approximately 86 % of the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the sample can also be restored through the thermal regeneration, with magnetic remanence and coercivity remaining nearly unchanged compared to the original adsorbent, ensuring the functionality of the regenerated adsorbent.

Influence of annealing on the physicochemical properties of 2L ferrihydrite synthesized by radiation-chemical method from iron (III) nitrate

In this study, ferrihydrite (Fhy) nanoparticles (NPles) synthesized by the radiation chemical method (RCM) from an iron nitrate alcohol solution were annealed in air at temperatures ranging from 100 to 1200 ºC. The effects of annealing temperature on the phase transformation and basic physicochemical properties of the annealed Fhy nanopowders (NPs) were investigated. Fhy NPles annealed at 400 ºC and above can be converted to hematite NPles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the RCM-synthesized product corresponded to two-line (2 L) Fhy NPles, with no additional peaks, confirming their chemical purity. Up to 200 ºC, no significant phase transformation of Fhy NPles was observed; at 300 ºC, Fhy transformed into maghemite, which further transformed into hematite at 400 ºC. TEM/HRTEM analysis showed the formation of mesoporous agglomerates consisting of amorphous-crystalline NPles approximately 2 nm in size in the Fhy S95 sample annealed at 95 ºC. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images indicated the presence of two crystalline phases in sample S95: FeO and zero-valence Fe. The specific surface area (SSA) of mesoporous Fhy NPles varied non-monotonically between 100 and 500 ºC, peaking at 53.2 m2/g at 300 ºC. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed a minor nitrogen impurity, likely from the initial iron nitrate precursor, and a significant amount of adsorbed carbon on the developed porous surface of Fhy NPles. The phase composition of annealed Fhy samples correlated with their photoluminescent (PL) spectra. In samples S400 and S500 containing hematite, a small ferromagnetic contribution emerged, disrupting the linear magnetization-field dependence observed in samples S0-S200. Thus, the properties of 2 L Fhy nanoparticles produced by the radiation chemical method can be modified through thermal annealing while maintaining their potential biomedical applications as nanocontainers for drug delivery and contrast agents.

Spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements across a PFAS-contaminated source zone

There is a need to develop field-scale, in situ screening technologies for assessing variations in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) concentrations in soils at former fire training and storage sites. Field-scale Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) geophysical measurements were acquired on a transect crossing an AFFF source zone. Soil samples were acquired to determine variations in poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in soils, characterize soil texture, and create triplicate soil columns for laboratory SIP measurements. Field and laboratory observations show that SIP measurements are sensitive to the concentration of AFFF constituents associated with soil pore surface area. The specific polarizability and the phase of the SIP measurements for the laboratory samples were linearly correlated with total soil-sorbed PFAS concentration. The phase from the field SIP measurements was highest over the location of maximum PFAS concentration measured on the laboratory samples. However, a significant correlation between field-measured phase and laboratory-measured total PFAS concentration still needs to be established. These observations, along with the demonstrated sensitivity of the SIP response to the removal of soil PFAS using a methanol wash procedure, support the case for SIP characterization of AFFF source zones.

Ultralight activated carbon/polyimide foam with heterogeneous interfaces for improved thermal stability, mechanical properties, and microwave absorption

AbstractThe activated carbon (AC) has been widely used in the field of electromagnetic protection because of its porous, hollow microstructure and excellent electrical conductivity. In this paper, AC was prepared through KOH activation process. The ACs/polyimide foam (PIF) composite was prepared in situ during the synthesis of PI and the ACs. In this paper, AC was prepared using the potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation process. The AC/PIF composites were prepared by mixing ACs and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The pore structure and surface morphology of the ACs were observed using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After KOH activation with KOH, the surface area and total pore volume of ACs significantly increased by 79.31% and 0.9539 cm3/g, respectively, mainly were the microporous structure. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed an increase in the oxygen content of ACs after KOH activation, indicating an increase in the relative hydroxyl content on the surface. The SEM resulting of the ACs/PIF composite has a well‐developed open cell structure. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that ACs significantly improved the thermal stability of the ACs/PIF composite. The compressive strength of the ACs/PIF‐3 increased from 518 to 834 KPa, significantly enhancing its mechanical properties. Simultaneously, the microwave absorption performance can be controlled and regulated by optimizing the impedance gradient of the skeleton. Results showed that when ACs constituted 8 wt% of the PIF, the real permittivity (ɛ′) and imaginary permittivity (ɛ″) of ACs‐PIF‐5 were approximately 2.03 and 0.025, respectively.

Aromatic pore engineering in microporous metal–organic frameworks for high-production one-step methane purification from ternary alkanes mixtures

The exploitation of competent isolation and purification technology of methane (CH4) is an imperative and challenging task for full utilization of clean natural gas in petrochemical industry. Compared to traditional energy-intensive low-temperature distillation, adsorptive separation using porous metal–organic framework (MOF) materials provides an alternative technique with low energy consumption and high efficiency. In this situation, an aromatic pore engineering strategy in a series of pillar-layered Zn-based MOFs by introducing organic linkers with different degrees of aromatic units was investigated to tune pore size and pore environment for simultaneously removing propane (C3H8) and ethane (C2H6) from C3H8/C2H6/CH4 mixtures. Compared to the other two analogues, i.e. Zn(BDC)(TED)0.5 and Zn(ADC)(TED)0.5, obtained Zn(NDC)(TED)0.5 showed high adsorption capacity for C3H8 (5.18 mmol/g) and C2H6 (5.04 mmol/g) and selectivity for C3H8/CH4 and C2H6/CH4 at 298 K and 1.0 bar. Breakthrough tests proved the three MOFs can effectively separate ternary C3H8/C2H6/CH4 mixtures, and Zn(NDC)(TED)0.5 especially exhibited excellent high-purity CH4 yield of 10.07 mmol/g. Computational simulations showed that suitable pore space and surface aromatic environment in Zn(NDC)(TED)0.5 created beneficial interactions with C3H8 and C2H6 molecules, which ultimately contributed to its favourable adsorption and separation property. This system work provides insights for the development of pore control method in MOF materials for natural gas purification.

Biodegradable Piezoelectric-Conductive Integrated Hydrogel Scaffold for Repair of Osteochondral Defects.

Osteochondral injury is a prevalent condition for which no specific treatment is currently available. This study presents a piezoelectric-conductive scaffold composed of a piezoelectric cartilage-decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and piezoelectric-conductive modified gelatin (Gel-PC). The piezoelectricity of the scaffold is achieved through the modification of diphenylalanine (FF) assembly on the pore surface, while the conductive properties of scaffold are achieved by the incorporating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). In vitro experiments demonstrate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) undergo biphasic division during differentiation. In vivo studies using a Parma pig model of osteochondral defects demonstrate that the piezoelectric-conductive scaffold exhibits superior reparative efficacy. Notably, the generation of electrical stimulation is linked to joint movement. During joint activity, mechanical forces compress the scaffold, leading to deformation and the subsequent generation of an electric potential difference. The positive charges accumulated on the upper layer of the scaffold attract BMSCs, promoting their migration to the upper layer and chondrogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, the negative charges in the lower layer induce the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overall, this piezoelectric-conducive scaffold provides a promising platform for the effective repair of osteochondral defects.

Influence of hydrothermal time on anti-corrosion property of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces on AZ31 magnesium alloys

To enhance anti-corrosion property of AZ31 magnesium alloys, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) were prepared on benzoate-intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The typical morphology of SLIPSs was determined using a scanning electron microscope, and the successful loading of benzoate ions was confirmed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Especially, this work focused on revealing how hydrothermal time affected the resistance to corrosion of SLIPSs. The electrochemical results indicated that when the hydrothermal duration was 24 h, the developed SLIPS exhibited remarkably improved corrosion resistance accompanied by the lowest corrosion current density of 2.5 × 10−3 μA cm−2. Furthermore, the results of immersion test demonstrated the superiority of SLIPSs in anti-corrosion durability. Based on the obtained results, the prepared SLIPSs can be promising candidates for the improvement in anti-corrosion performance of magnesium alloys.