Effect of binder phases on the microstructure and sliding wear properties of HVOF-sprayed WC-based coatings

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the microstructure and wear properties of WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-12Co, and WC-17Co coatings on TC4 titanium alloy. The coatings were deposited using high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) technique. To analyze the influence of binder phases, the coatings were thoroughly examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness tester, and friction and wear tester. The analysis of the results reveals that the primary phases in all three coatings consist mainly of WC, with smaller quantities of W2C and amorphous phases present. The WC-10Co-4Cr powder demonstrates a relatively even particle size distribution, high degree of sphericity, and rough porous surface, allowing for efficient heat absorption and uniform heat distribution, resulting in a dense coating. Notably, the WC-10Co-4Cr coating exhibits significantly smaller tungsten carbide grain size compared to the other coatings. Moreover, the microhardness of the WC-10Co-4Cr coating, measured at 1377.8 HV0.05, is significantly higher than that of the WC-12Co and WC-17Co coatings, which measured at 1258.8 HV0.05 and 1182.4 HV0.05, respectively. Additionally, the WC-10Co-4Cr coating demonstrates low friction coefficient and wear volume, indicating excellent wear resistance. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to determine the reasons for the relative enhancement in binder performance.