Wire Surface Research Articles

Sawing force modeling and analysis for diamond wire sawing PV monocrystalline silicon considering abrasive wear

In the process of diamond wire sawing, the sawing force is produced by wire bow formed by the diamond wire. The wear of the diamond wire during sawing will decrease its ability of removing materials, thereby increasing the wire bow and the sawing force, affecting the quality of the as-sawn wafers and even increasing the risk of wire breakage. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of wire breakage, it is of great significance to establish a sawing force model considering wear and realize the theoretical prediction and analysis of sawing force. In this paper, different forms of abrasives on the surface of the diamond wire are characterized, and the change of wear rate in sawing is analyzed. Combined with the material removal process, a sawing force model considering wear of the abrasives was founded, and the accuracy of the model was verified by sawing experiments. The sawing force of the wire web under multi-wire processing parameters in the industrial production of photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon wafers was analyzed using the established model. With the increase of wire speed from 1500 m/min to 2700 m/min, the peak value of wire web sawing force gradually decreases from 7.12N/m to 4.47 N/m. With the increase of feeding speed from 1.7 mm/min to 2.9 mm/min, the peak value of wire web sawing force gradually increases from 4.3 N/m to 6.55 N/m. The research results provide guiding significance for diamond wire sawing production.

A comparative study on machinability of ceramics with different mechanical properties in diamond wire sawing

Ceramics thin substrates are widely used in electronic devices due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. Diamond wire sawing is one of promising manufacturing route to prepare thin ceramic substrates from sintered ceramics block. In present paper, a comparative study on diamond wire sawing of Al2O3, AlN, ZrO2 and Si3N4 ceramics was carried out. The material removal rate (MRR), wire sawing force and surface integrity of different ceramics as well as the wear characteristics of diamond wire were examined. A finite element model (FEM) for the single-grain cutting of different ceramic materials was developed to elucidate the influence of the mechanical properties of these ceramics on both surface morphology and the cutting force. The results show that mechanical properties of ceramic materials have great influence on diamond wire sawing performance. The Al2O3 and AlN with lower fracture toughness exhibit better machinability than that of ZrO2 and Si3N4. AlN has the highest MRR (0.128 mm3/min) and the smallest tangential sawing force (0.0255 N), while Si3N4 presents the lowest MRR (0.101 mm3/min) and ZrO2 owns the largest wire sawing force (0.238 N) under wire speed of 1.3 m/s. For the sawn surface of ceramics, Si3N4 shows the lowest surface roughness (Ra 0.23 μm), followed by ZrO2 (Ra 0.44 μm) and AlN (Ra 0.57 μm), while Al2O3 exhibits the highest surface roughness (Ra 0.62 μm). In sawing of ZrO2 and Si3N4, the electroplated diamond grits tend to flatten or fall-off, producing severer wear of diamond wire than that of Al2O3 and AlN, and deteriorating the sawing capability of the diamond wire.

Evaluation of Continuous GMA Welding Characteristics Based on the Copper-Plating Method of Solid Wire Surfaces

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is widely used in various industries, such as automotive and heavy equipment manufacturing, because of its high productivity and speed, with solid wires being selected based on the mechanical properties required for welded joints. GMAW consists of various components, among which consumables such as the contact tip and continuously fed solid wire have a significant impact on the weld quality. In particular, the copper-plating method can affect the conductivity and arc stability of the solid wire, causing differences in the continuous welding performance. This study evaluated the welding performance during 60 min continuous GMAW using an AWS A5.18 ER70S-3 solid wire, which was copper-plated using chemical plating (C-wire) and electroplating (E-wire). The homogeneity and adhesion of the copper-plated surface of the E-wire were superior to those of the C-wire. The E-wire exhibited better performance in terms of arc stability. The wear rate of the contact tip was approximately 45% higher when using the E-wire for 60 min of welding compared with the C-wire, which was attributed to the larger variation rate in the cast and helix in the E-wire. Additionally, the amount of spatter adhered to the nozzle during 60 min, with the E-wire averaging 5.9 g, approximately half that of the C-wire at 12.9 g. The E-wire exhibits superior arc stability compared with the C-wire based on the spatter amount adhered to the nozzle. This study provides an important reference for understanding the impact of copper plating methods and wire morphology on the replacement cycles of consumable welding parts in automated welding processes such as continuous welding and wire-arc additive manufacturing.

Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to examine thermal third grade non-Newtonian fluid using as a polymer for wire covering with variable viscosity

To ensure protection against harsh environmental conditions and to enhance mechanical durability, the application of a coating is essential. The present research delves a unique approach aimed at assessing the impact of nonlinear radiation and heat transmission (HT) phenomena on wire coating (WC) exhausting a third-grade viscoelastic fluid (VETF) used as a melting polymer underneath the impact of Joule heating through the utilization of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) feed-forward back-propagation, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) under the control of the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (ANN-LMA). The suggested Neural Network based ANN-LMA is substantiated efficiently by analyzing state transition dynamics (STD), mean square error (MSE), and regression analyses (RA). The fundamental differential equation governing TGVF is distorted into a dimensionless set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Utilizing the bvp4c approach, a benchmark dataset of TGVF is generated, considering the effects of parameters linked to the wire covering system. It is noteworthy that the temperature parameter significantly influences the distribution of temperature and HT features within the die's stream zone. The phenomenon of fluid velocity reduction within the die is noted to be inversely proportional to the magnetic factor escalation, whereas the magnetic factor exhibits a stimulating influence on temperature dispersion. In the vicinity of the wire surface, the speed of the coating substance experiences enhancement as the temperature and radiation parameters escalate. Examination further reveals a decrement in the temperature as the magnitudes of radiation and temperature factors are enhanced. The robust coherence between the proposed results and established solutions highlights the soundness of the framework with an accuracy level from 10−8 to 10−6.

Characterizing the contact force of a high-speed rotating fluid on brush wire

Abstract To study the effect of coolant fluid on rotor-brush wire contact in high-speed conductive slip rings, the rotor-brush wire contact model is simplified to two cylindrical vertical contacts. The theoretical formula of the force on the near-wall surface of the brush wire is derived by combining the distribution of the characteristics of the cylindrical rotating fluid domain. A three-dimensional model of high-speed rotor-brush wire fluid-solid coupling is created. The initial preload and coolant disturbance on the near-wall surface of the brush wire is considered to analyze the force characteristics of the brush wire. The force characteristics of the near-wall surface and the three-dimensional surface velocity cloud diagram of the fluid domain are obtained. The results show that the growth rate of the fluid domain force on the wall surface of the brush wire increases with the increase of rotational speed. A change of only 0.5 mm near the wall leads to a change of nearly 40% in the speed.

Different Wire Surface Treatments on Adhesion Efficacy of Orthodontic Fixed Retainer: An In Vitro Study.

This study assesses the impact of surface treatment with sandblasting and Z-primer on the adhesion efficacy of fixed lingual retainers. Dead soft stainless steel wire 0.016 × 0.022-inch (n = 120) was treated by different techniques and classified into four groups equally (n = 30) according to surface treatment. Group I wire without treatment, group II wire treated with sandblasting, group III wire treated with Z-primer alone, and group IV wire treated with sandblasting with Z-primer. The stainless steel wire (n = 40) was bonded to 80 extracted premolars in pairs mounted in acrylic. Other stainless steel wires (n = 80) are embedded into acrylic blocks. All groups were divided into two subgroups according to thermocycling teeth samples were assessed by shear bond strength (SBS) A stereomicroscope was used to calculate the adhesive remnant index (ARI), while the acrylic block was by pull-out test. Finally, data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS (V 27, 2020). Mann-Whitney U-test; Kruskal-Wallis H-test and, two-way ANOVA were utilized to assess for SBS and pull-out. Kruskal-Wallis H-test showed a non-significant difference in ARI between all groups, while in two-way mixed ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in SBS between group III (sandblasting/Z-primer) vs group I and group IV Z-primer (p = 0.028) and control (p = 0.016), and a significant difference between group II sandblasting vs both group I and group IV Z-primer (p = 0.024) and control (p = 0.014). The two-way mixed ANOVA tests showed a significant difference in pull-out between sandblasting/Z-primer vs Z-primer (p = 0.012). Using of mixed surface treatment for fixed retainer as sandblasting with Z-primer is considered as the best method to increase adhesion efficacy between wire and composite and improve the quality of orthodontics fixation when compared with single treatment (sandblasting alone or Z prime). On the other hand, the sue of sandblasting alone for fixed retainer surface treatment is better than Z-primer alone but both treatments are better than fixed retainer without treatment. Developed and examined new and traditional techniques used to treat the surface of wire used as a retainer after orthodontics treatment to improve patients' treatment and life quality and decrease the chance of relapse. How to cite this article: Naji SM, Mohammad MH, Enan ET, et al. Different Wire Surface Treatments on Adhesion Efficacy of Orthodontic Fixed Retainer: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(7):677-683.

Oxidation resistance mechanism of copper wire regulated by nano-palladium coating

The microstructure characteristics of palladium coating are the key to the oxidation resistance of palladium-coated copper wire. In this paper, the microstructure characteristics of palladium coating thickness, nanocrystalline size and amorphous band width were controlled by adjusting the process parameters of micro-area coating. The relationship between microstructure characteristics of palladium coating and oxidation resistance was studied. The results show that the wire has good oxidation resistance when the deposition temperature is 400℃ and the copper wire/mold clearances are 2.5 μm. The surface of the copper wire has a palladium coating with a thickness of 74 nm, and the palladium particles are composed of amorphous encapsulated nanocrystals. The relationship between the thickness of palladium coating and the copper wire/mould clearances is y=0.012x+44, and the increase of palladium coating thickness can inhibit the migration of copper ions. The increase in the size of the nanocrystalline and the width of the amorphous band has a certain inhibitory effect on the lattice or grain boundary diffusion of copper to the palladium coating. The multi-stage distorted nanotwins in the amorphous palladium coating can reduce the strain difference at the palladium-copper bonding interface, reduce the diffusion driving force of copper outward, and thus improve the oxidation resistance of palladium-coated copper wires.

Effect of surface treatment on oxidation film of 55SiCr spring steel wire

Abstract In this work, the surface pretreatments of 55SiCr spring steel wire rods were conducted using shot blasting and phosphating. After drawing, the steel wire was heated at 950°C × 15 s, followed by oxidation treatment with high-temperature steam or air for 3 seconds, and tempering treatment at 520°C. The effects of different surface treatment methods on the surface oxide film of spring steel wire were studied using stereomicroscopy, SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results showed that the steel wire surface oxide film with phosphating pretreatment was thicker and easy to fall off. The thickness of the oxide film formed by phosphating pretreatment samples increased by 2.1 um (high-temperature steam) and 0.3 um (air) compared to the shot-blasting samples under different oxidation atmospheres. High-temperature steam oxidation treatment significantly increased the thickness of the oxide film by 0.65 um (shot blasting) and 2.45 um (phosphating) under different surface pretreatment conditions. The outer surface of the oxide film turned black with high-temperature steam oxidation treatment and turned yellowish brown with air oxidation treatment. By both above oxidation treatments, the oxide film showed a multilayer structure, with enrichment of Cr and Si on the inner side.

Corrosion Behavior of Nickel-Titanium Arch Wires Following the Use of Different Mouthwashes: An In Vivo Study.

The aim of this double-blind in vivo study was to compare the extent of corrosion on the surface of nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires in various mouthwashes. A total of 80 patients who received orthodontic treatment with as-received 0.016x0.022 inch NiTi wires were included in the study, and they were split into 4 groups. The first group used 0.05% of (225ppm F-) sodium fluoride (NaF) (Colgate Plax®) containing mouthwash, 21.6% alcohol (Listerine Cool Mint®) containing mouthwash, and 0.2% clorhexidine (CHX) (Klorhex®) containing mouthwash and the control group used drinking water with melt menthol as mouthwash. After 30 days of using mouthwash, the surfaces of NiTi wires were examined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface roughness values were calculated. Mouthwashes containing fluoride, essential oils, and CHX created higher surface roughness on NiTi wires than the control group. The floride-containing mouthwash group showed less corrosion than the CHX group, whereas there was no difference between the essential oil group. AFM images show supportive data with the results of the clinical study. The results were assessed using a 95% confidence interval and a significance level p<0.05. CHX, essential oil, and floride-containing mouthwashes cause corrosion of NiTi wires. Floride-containing mouthwash can be preferred over CHX mouthwash due to its lesser corrosion effect.

In-situ synthesis of 3D TiO2 microspheres on Ti mesh to enhance photoelectrochemical water splitting

Much attention has been focused on the fabrication of TiO2 microspheres due to their excellent properties and attractive potential in many fields. Here, undoped 3D hierarchical TiO2 microspheres (TMS) were synthesized in situ on Ti mesh using a hydrothermal method by varying NaOH concentration, reaction time and temperature. The 3D TMS grown along the surface of the woven wires of the Ti meshes, using the metal Ti meshes as a substrate, which resulted in improved conductivity. Meanwhile, the original Ti mesh with the macroporosity (due to the 15 % open area of the mesh) can act as fast proton mass diffusion. As a result, the flexible TMS-Ti photoelectrodes exhibit an excellent current density of 1.63 mA/cm2 at a potential of 1.23 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Therefore, the in situ synthesis of TiO2 microspheres on Ti mesh is highly desirable for flexible devices.

Controllable phase transition process of polycrystalline diamond surface for low friction via suppressing oxygen involved tribochemical reactions

The diamond inner wall of drawing die is crucial for the precise formation of ultra-fine wires during the drawing process. Unexpectedly, when drawing soft metal wire, a significant wear occurs on hard-phase diamond surface, resulting in increased friction at the drawing interface, which leads to the wire cross-section distortion, uneven wire diameter, surface scratches and burrs. In this study, the interface interaction and friction products between diamond and iron were investigated, focusing on the primary factors influencing diamond phase transitions by adjusting friction atmosphere. Whether in air or nitrogen, the friction coefficient (CoF) decreases with the increase of load, but CoF value is relatively lower in nitrogen environment. The friction curve of diamond against iron stabilized after an initial downward trend, reaching a minimum CoF of 0.08 in nitrogen under a load of 15 N. The friction mechanism is explained through material transfer, friction products, phase transition, tribolayer formation, and interfaces interactions. It is speculated that in nitrogen, even if a small amount of oxide forms on iron surface, iron remains in contact with diamond, generating a large amount of iron carbide and inducing the graphitization of diamond, which would act as a lubricating role. In contrast, in air, oxygen atoms continuously interact with iron, forming a dense oxide film at the friction interface, which prevents carbon from continuous contacting iron atoms and limits the formation of iron carbide. Overall, the discovery provides new insights into the interaction between metals and diamonds, and offers theoretical guidance for the drawing of iron wires.

Cylindrical compression of thin wires by irradiation with a Joule-class short-pulse laser

Equation of state measurements at Jovian or stellar conditions are currently conducted by dynamic shock compression driven by multi-kilojoule multi-beam nanosecond-duration lasers. These experiments require precise design of the target and specific tailoring of the spatial and temporal laser profiles to reach the highest pressures. At the same time, the studies are limited by the low repetition rate of the lasers. Here, we show that by the irradiation of a thin wire with single-beam Joule-class short-pulse laser, a converging cylindrical shock is generated compressing the wire material to conditions relevant to the above applications. The shockwave was observed using Phase Contrast Imaging employing a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser with unprecedented temporal and spatial sensitivity. The data collected for Cu wires is in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of an ablative shock launched by highly impulsive and transient resistive heating of the wire surface. The subsequent cylindrical shockwave travels toward the wire axis and is predicted to reach a compression factor of 9 and pressures above 800 Mbar. Simulations for astrophysical relevant materials underline the potential of this compression technique as a new tool for high energy density studies at high repetition rates.

Effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface morphology, nanohardness and flexural modulus of nickel-titanium orthodontic wire.

This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface and mechanical properties of NiTi arch wire. This experimental study was conducted at the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia from September 2023 to November 2023. A 30 mm NiTi wires in length with 0.017 × 0.022" in dimensions were selected and equally divided into four groups: Control (G0) group wires were immersed in distilled water (DW); G1 wires were immersed in antiseptic mouthwash; G2 wires were immersed in fluoridated mouthwash; and G3 wires were immersed in therapeutic mouthwash. Surface morphology, nanohardness, and flexural modulus were evaluated at 24-hours, four weeks, and eight weeks' time points. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (P<0.05). The arch wires immersed in DW showed insignificant effects on surface roughness, nanohardness, and flexural modulus at different time points. However, all the experimental groups showed a significant effect of time and immersion solutions on the said properties (P<0.05). At the end of eight weeks, G3 showed the highest surface roughness (0.346 ± 0.032 µm) and the lowest nanohardness (1.350 ± 0.412 GPa) and flexural modulus (3.960 ± 0.140 MPa) compared to other study groups. The efficiency of tooth realignment could be influenced by the detrimental influence of fluoride and hydrogen peroxide mouthwash solutions on superelastic NiTi arch wires.

Study of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge in contact electrode structure applied to air purification

In this work, based on the role of pre-ionization of the non-uniform electric field and its effect of reducing the collisional ionization coefficient, a diffuse dielectric barrier discharge plasma is formed in the open space outside the electrode structure at a lower voltage by constructing a three-dimensional non-uniform spatial electric field using a contact electrode structure. The air purification study is also carried out. Firstly, a contact electrode structure is constructed using a three-dimensional wire electrode. The distribution characteristics of the spatial electric field formed by this electrode structure are analyzed, and the effects of the non-uniform electric field and the different angles of the vertical wire on the generation of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge are investigated. Secondly, the copper foam contact electrode structure is constructed using copper foam material, and the effects of different mesh sizes on the electric field distribution are analyzed. The results show that as the mesh size of the copper foam becomes larger, a strong electric field region exists not only on the surface of the insulating layer, but also on the surface of the vertical wires inside the copper foam, i.e., the strong electric field region shows a three-dimensional distribution. Besides, as the mesh size increases, the area of the vertical strong electric field also increases. However, the electric field strength on the surface of the insulating layer gradually decreases. Therefore, the appropriate mesh size can effectively increase the discharge area, which is conducive to improving the air purification efficiency. Finally, a highly permeable stacked electrode structure of multilayer wire-copper foam is designed. In combination with an ozone treatment catalyst, an air purification device is fabricated, and the air purification experiment is carried out.

Deposition of TiO2/Polymethylene Biguanide on Stainless Steel Wire for the Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance and Stability

Background: Orthodontic treatment relies on stainless steel (SS) wires to apply forces and torque to reposition teeth. However, SS wires are susceptible to wear and corrosion in the oral environment, necessitating improvements in their durability. Objective: This study explores the potential of a coating comprising titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polymethylene biguanide (PHMB) to enhance the corrosion resistance of SS wires. Methods: SS wires were coated with a solution containing PHMB and TiO2 using a drop-casting technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and electrochemical tests, including impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization, were conducted to characterize the coated wires and evaluate their corrosion resistance. Results: FE-SEM, EDAX, and Emap analysis confirmed the presence and uniform deposition of PHMB/TiO2 onto the SS wire surface. Electrochemical tests revealed that the PHMB/TiO2- coated SS wires exhibited a significantly lower corrosion rate (7.08×10−6 mm/year) and higher corrosion resistance (562466 Ω) compared to bare SS. Conclusion: The PHMB/TiO2 coated SS wire exhibited high corrosion resistance and offered potential benefits for orthodontic treatments. Further research and optimization of this coating may help to improve the durability and reliability of orthodontic appliances.

The Influence of Variable Plasma Welding Parameters on Weld Geometry, Dilution Factor, and Microhardness

Weld surfacing is the process of applying a layer of metal to the surface of metal objects by simultaneously melting the substrate. As a result of this process, the metal content of the padding weld can be as high as several tens of percents. It is a method used to regenerate machine parts and improve the properties of the surface layer, increasing its resistance to abrasion, corrosion, erosion, and cavitation. It also supports the repair and creation of permanent protective coatings in the engineering, automotive, energy, and aerospace industries. This makes it possible to repair damaged parts instead of completely replacing them, saving time and production costs. Plasma surfacing technology is used for components that require high hardness and corrosion resistance under various environmental conditions. Plasma wire surfacing is not sufficiently presented and described in the current literature, which creates problems in determining the appropriate process parameters. The influence of variable plasma surfacing parameters on steel C45 significantly affects surfacing weld geometry, the dilution factor, and microhardness. Higher currents can increase the dilution factor, integrating more base metal into the weld pool, which may alter the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the weld. Variations in surfacing speed and heat input also affect the microhardness of the surfaced joint, with higher heat inputs potentially leading to softer welds due to slower cooling rates. Optimizing these parameters is essential to achieving desired surfacing weld characteristics and ensuring the structural integrity of C45 steel joints. This paper presents the influence of varying plasma surfacing parameters on the surfacing geometry, the dilution factor, and microhardness. The tests were carried out on a Panasonic TM-1400 GIII automated surfacing machine with CastoMag 45554S solid wire as the filler material. Flat bars of C45 steel were prepared, and then the variable parameters of the surfacing process were developed. Tests were carried out to determine the dilution factor, followed by microhardness measurements. The results showed a significant dependence of the effect of the parameters on the surfacing geometry and the dilution factor.

Effect of precursor concentration on the growth of magnesium oxide nanomaterials by direct heating method

Various methods have been developed for the preparation of MgO nanomaterials. However, they often suffer from limitations such as high cost, lengthy synthesis times, and excessive power consumption. In response, a direct heating (DH) method has been developed to address these challenges, enabling rapid (< 10 min) and cost-effective production of MgO nanomaterials. In this study, the DH process was optimized by investigating the influence of precursor solution concentrations (0.01 M to 0.10 M) on the growth of MgO nanomaterials on wire surfaces. Analyses utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of MgO. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed that the nanomaterials predominantly nano-walls and particles. The optimized synthesis conditions for MgO nanomaterials requires the heating of 0.10 M Mg(NO3)2·6H2O precursor at 50 W.h. for 10 min. Under this specific condition, a favourable surface coverage of 81.54% was achieved where the MgO nanowalls produced has demonstrated promising capability to remove Methylene Blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation. In conclusion, DH technique is a favourable alternative route to synthesize MgO nanomaterial in a simple, cost-and -time efficient and environmentally friendly way.

Effect of wire diameter compression ratio on drawing deformation of micro copper wire

A crystal plasticity finite element model was developed for the drawing deformation of pure copper micro wire, based on rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory. The impact of wire diameter compression ratio on the micro-mechanical deformation behavior during the wire drawing process was investigated. Results indicate that the internal deformation and slip of the drawn wire are unevenly distributed, forming distinct slip and non-slip zones. Additionally, horizontal strain concentration bands develop within the drawn wire. As the wire diameter compression ratio increases, the strength of the slip systems and the extent of slip zones inside the deformation zone also increase. However, the fluctuating stress state, induced by contact pressure and frictional stress, results in a rough and uneven wire surface and diminishes the stability of the drawing process.

Efficiency evaluation of a lab-scale photoelectric precipitator for particulate matter emission reduction.

The importance of studying particulate matter lies in its detrimental impact on human health and the environment. Industrial emissions often carry substantial dust content, necessitating the reduction of their environmental release. This study introduced a laboratory-scale photoelectric precipitator to assess its effectiveness in curbing particle emissions under varying temperature, humidity, and residence time conditions. This device operates in two stages: firstly, it charges particles by exposing copper wire surfaces to ultraviolet rays, generating photoelectrons in the airflow; secondly, it utilizes a positively charged collector surface for absorption and collection. Assessment under different temperature, residence time, and humidity conditions revealed that the system designed for 10μm diameter particles displayed the highest efficiency. At 150℃, the removal efficiency was 39.55%, rising to 41.34% at 60% humidity and 43.58% with an 18-second residence time. Furthermore, increasing energy consumption from 144 j/l to 720 j/l resulted in a 10.93% efficiency increase, highlighting the correlation between energy input and system efficiency. High particulate matter levels diminish visibility, harm the climate, ecosystems, materials, and contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. These findings underline the photoelectric precipitator's potential in mitigating particulate matter's adverse effects on health and the environment. However, further research is warranted to optimize system design and explore additional parameters' impact on performance, ensuring its effectiveness in industrial processes to reduce particulate matter emissions.

Numerical simulation and exploration of influencing factors on transmission conductor ice-covering

Abstract In order to explore the influence of environmental factors on the effect of wire surface ice-covering, this paper uses the artificial climate chamber to build an experimental platform that can be used in the laboratory for wire ice-covering experiments. Through the numerical simulation of wire ice-covering, we observe the change of the ice-covering state inside the water layer on the surface of the conductor over time and get the experimental optimal time of cooling through comparison. In the experiment, by controlling different wind speed levels and water pump power, we explored the effect of wind speed and droplet average diameter size on the thickness of ice-covering on the surface of the conductor and the quality of the icicle, and analysed the change rule of the ice-covering ratio of the conductor.