Surface Of Textile Materials Research Articles

A novel optimized polyoxometalate-modified silver nanocomposite. Application to the development of antibacterial textiles

Antimicrobial textiles are used in various settings ranging from households to different industries, health areas, and shops. These materials are used in the manufacture of air filters, food packaging, sportswear; and hygiene, medical, storage, ventilation, and water purification systems. In healthcare medical centers, textiles like bed sheets and curtains are surfaces prone to contamination with microorganisms. The growth of microbes on the surface of textile materials can be inhibited by biocidal and biostatic compounds to prevent the spread of microbes. This work describes the development and characterization of a new antibacterial nanocomposite composed of silver nanoparticles functionalized with polyoxometalates. The experimental conditions for the synthesis were optimized using design of experiment tools. The resulting nanocomposite (formulation) was extensively characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, and the bioactivity of the material was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative models. The novel formulation was supported in an eco-friendly fabric to obtain a textile material with broad applicability and lasting antibacterial properties.

Optimization of the Process of Eliminating Microorganisms Harmful to Human Health and Threatening Objects Isolated from Historical Materials from the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Poland (A-BSM) Collection with the Use of Ethanol in the Form of Mist

The aim of the study was to assess the biocidal effectiveness and the effect of 80% and 90% ethanol applied in the form of mist on the surface of textile materials from historical A-BSM objects. The microorganisms used for the tests, namely, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, were isolated from the surface of textile objects in the A-BSM. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were also used from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Fabric samples were inoculated with microorganisms at a concentration of 105-106 CFU/ml. Ethanol in the form of mist was applied in concentrations of 80% and 90%. Airbrushes VL 0819 and VE 0707 were used for this purpose, where the pressure was 0.2 MPa and the PA HEAD VLH-5 nozzle with a tip of 1.05 mm in diameter was used. In order to achieve more effective disinfection after applying the ethanol mist, samples were stored in PE foil in the conditions of 21 °C ± 1 °C for 22 ± 1 h. After applying the ethanol mist, changes in the properties of the materials were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reduction in the number of microorganisms on modern cotton fabric after the use of ethanol in the form of mist at concentrations of 80% and 90% ranged from 93.27% to 99.91% for fungi and from 94.96% to 100% for bacteria, except for 74.24% for B. subtillis. On the historical fabric, after the time of application of 90% ethanol was shortened to 4 s, the microorganisms were reduced by over 99.93% and S. aureus was completely eliminated. After applying the tested disinfection technique, no changes in fiber morphology were observed on the surface of the model and historical cotton.

Analysis of geometric structure of woven fabrics surface.

The geometric structure of the surface of textile materials is of significant functional, operational and aesthetic importance. The basic parameters of the woven fabrics’ structure are the following: weave, warp and weft density as well as warp and weft linear density. Roughness is one of the surface quality features most often assessed by quantitative indicators called surface roughness parameters. The aim of the presented research was to analyze the parameters characterizing the geometric structure of the surface of cotton woven fabrics with different weaves. Surface topography measurements were performed using the MicroSpy® Profile profilometer by FRT the art of metrology™. Using the Mark III software cooperating with the profilometer, a number of indices characterizing the geometric structure of the fabric surface and histograms illustrating the frequency of occurrence of points of a certain height on the tested surface were determined. The research confirmed that, on the basis of the results obtained with the profilometer, it is possible to analyze comprehensively the topography of the fabric surface.

Application of Physical Vapor Deposition in Textile Industry

Abstract Currently, scientists are striving to produce innovative textile materials characterized by special properties. Therefore, attempts have been made to use physical and chemical vapor deposition techniques to modify the surface of textile materials, i.e., nonwovens, fabrics, and knitted fabrics. By using these techniques for modifying the basic materials, researchers have obtained textiles with novel properties, which are used in shielding materials, textronics, or clothing, as well as in specialized accessories. The PVD process can be applied for almost all materials. The physical vapor deposition process allows for obtaining layers of different thicknesses and with various physical and chemical properties. This article is a review of the latest state of the art on the use of various methods of physical vapor deposition in textiles destined for different purposes.

ОТРИМАННЯ ПЕРЕВ’ЯЗОЧНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ З НАНОЧАСТИНКАМИ СРІБЛА ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ МЕТОДІВ ФІЗИЧНОГО ОСАДЖЕННЯ У ВАКУУМІ

Purpose. Adapt electron beam equipment to obtain nanosized silver structures on the surface of dressings with the ability to control the size and concentration of the resulting nanoparticles (NPs). Determine the morphology, forum, size distribution and concentration of the obtained silver nanoparticles. Methodology. Modern methods of analysis are used in the work. Electron beam evaporation method with directional vapor deposition in vacuum was used to obtain nano-particles on a flat surface. To determine the structural characteristics nanoparticles: the size of the phase formations, the morphology we were used metods: dynamic light scattering (DLS); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the con-centration of silver in dispersed systems was determined by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with induc-tively coupled plasma (NPP ISP). Results..The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of using electron-beam deposition technology of discrete nanosized silver coatings with an average particle size of 25 nm and a dispersion of 10–120 nm on the surface of sterile gauze bandages. The established patterns of structure formation can be the basis for technically controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles on the surface of textile materials with a given concentra-tion.Existing research and industrial and industrial electron beam equipment can be easily adapted to the production of these materials. Originality. A new technological scheme of EB-PVD with directed steam flow, the efficiency of which is ≈50%, is proposed. This scheme allows the deposition of steam from the mountain to the bottom, including on flat surfaces of banding materials. Practical value. Areas of practical application of NPs and compositions based on them can be divided into the following areas: providing or enhancing antiviral and antimicrobial properties of new or existing medical devices (bandages, masks, wipes).

Development of a method for determining the consumption of a polymer composition on the surface of abrow tissue to reduce the expansion of threads

The article deals with the results of theoretical research of the use of polymer composition based on collagen to reinforce the structure of textile materials in order to prevent sliding in the seams. The calculation of the weight of polymer composition applied to the surface of textile material of garments has been presented. The dependence of the weight of polymer composition on the radius of warp and weft yarns and the width of a unit fabric structure has been determined. A formula for the volume of polymeric material has been obtained to calculate the necessary mass of the polymeric composition applied to the surface of the connection seams.

СИНТЕТИЧНІ БАРВНИКИ В МЕДИЦИНІ

Synthetic dyes and intermediates for their synthesis are widely used in dyeing textile materials. The presence of the necessary functional groups in the structure of the dyes provides their biocidal properties. When using dyes with biocidal properties, the surface of textile materials is seized from destruction. Separate representative dyes protect the human body from the action of pathogenic microflora. It is necessary to create conditions for a timely attack by the textile material on bacteria and fungi. A sufficient number of natural and synthetic compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity. Many of these compounds are hazardous to humans and animals. Only a few chemical compounds can be recommended for practical use as antiseptic preparations. The inclusion of even a small fraction of antibacterial fibers in the structure of textile materials can provide the desired properties. The biostability of fibrous materials is influenced by the choice of dye. Not all dyes that have bactericidal activity in their pure form exhibit it when applied to textile material. For the manifestation of these functions, dyes must have groups responsible for their bacteriological activity. In developed countries, attempts are being made to uniform dyeing and bioprotective processing of textile materials. The combination of these processes is not only theoretical but also a promising area of ​​research. When creating antibacterial textile materials, nanotechnology is being actively introduced. The use of nanotechnology reduces the cost of raw materials and materials. At the same time, the most promising for use in medicine are nanomaterials that meet the following requirements, such as biocompatibility and programmability of a positive effect on a biological object. Thus, the article analyzes the scientific literature in the field of dyes with biocidal properties.

Study of the adhesion of metal coatings on synthetic textile materials

This paper is devoted to the study of the adhesion of metal coatings on synthetic textile materials based on polyester, polyamide and polypropylene. The metal coating was applied to the surface of textile materials by magnetron sputtering. To assess the adhesion of the metal coating to the substrate, the method of delamination testing using a tape with constant stickiness was used.

Development of hydrophobic textile materials with organosilicon impregnation

In recent years, special attention has been paid to studying the properties of hydrophobic surfaces of textile materials. The authors provide an overview of the applied textile-processing chemicals and of the methods for imparting hydrophobic properties to textile materials. According to the analysis, it was found that water- and splash-proofing treatment occupies an important place in the finishing processes of textile materials, contributing to a change in their characteristics. The purpose of the research is the development of hydrophobic textile materials for the work clothes production. The aqueous solution based on organosilicon compounds was used for textiles hydrophobization with retention of their performance and hygienic characteristics. The research results of the effect of aqueous solutions based on silane (A-1100 and A-187 trademarks) on the hydrophobic characteristics of textile materials is presented in the article.

Development of Durable Antibacterial Textile Fabrics for Potential Application in Healthcare Environment

Recently, efforts at development of functional textiles with antibacterial effect have accelerated, the purpose being to provide protection against airborne bio-particles and micro-organisms. Growth of microbes on surface of textile materials can be inhibited by biocidal approach and biostatic approach. This paper describes the development of a healthcare textile with durable antibacterial properties by optimizing the conventional and commercialized antimicrobial agent polybiguanide derivative—poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (PHMB). Pad-dry-cure method was used to coat PHMB on cotton fabrics. The durability to simulated healthcare laundering of the fabric samples was evaluated in detail. Specifically, effects of detergent and washing cycles were examined. It was found that the optimum finishing condition can impart to the fabrics excellent durability for simulated healthcare washing. The fabric samples showed 100% bactericidal effect after 52 washing cycles, and 104 washings slightly reduced the bactericidal activity. Nevertheless, both simulated healthcare washing and coating treatment were found to have slightly negative influence on the hand feel and tearing strength properties of cotton fabrics.

A novel equipment for making nanocomposites for investigating the antimicrobial properties of nanotextiles

PurposeThe purpose of this article is the development of up-to-date equipment for making nanocomposites for investigation of the antimicrobial properties of nanotextiles and the creation of a scientific base to choose materials of clothing with a special purpose.Design/methodology/approachInvestigations are focussed on modifying the surface of textile materials by metal ions nanoparticles (AgJ, CuJ). The work of the equipment is based on the creation of metal nanocomposites in polyethyleneglycol (PEG). It is heated up to a temperature of not more than 130ºС, followed by adding the dispersion of metal in small portions to water. Nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on material surface that provides the improvement of its characteristics.FindingsIt has been found that modifying natural fibrous materials by nanoparticles of metal ions (AgJ, CuJ) promotes increasing their bactericidal and fungicidal properties with a comparison with traditional cotton materials. Microbiological investigations of antimicrobial properties of the cotton fabric have been conducted according to their effects on staphylococcus bacteria, E. coli and fungi.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to cotton fabrics. Therefore, other fabric types can be investigated to expand the data basis in the future.Practical implicationsThe main practical point of developed equipment is that it can be used for obtaining bactericidal and fungicidal properties of natural and fibrous materials modified by nanoparticles of metal ions (AgJ, CuJ). That provides new characteristics of textile materials that can be used in the future for special clothing tailoring.Social implicationsThe use of engineering equipment will allow in perspective to produce clothes with bactericidal and fungicidal properties, which can improve people’s lives through the prism of health and finished product quality.Originality/valueSpecial equipment for investigation of antimicrobial properties of nanomodified textile materials of different kinds has been engineered, and there is an opportunity to create materials with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The application of this equipment provides the receiving of new characteristics for textile materials with silver ions nanoparticles. Such properties of nanomodified materials are useful for human health and can be used in the production of various textile products.

Application of atmospheric pressure plasma for adhesion improvement in polyurethane coating on polypropylene fabrics

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment modifies the surface of textile materials at nano level. The effectiveness of plasma surface modification is closely associated with fabric weave construction and surface structure. Adhesion properties of three different polypropylene (PP) fabrics with a polyurethane (PU) coating have been investigated with respect to different plasma treatment time and power. Peel off strength was measured as the separation force required to separate coating layer from fabric. Statistical analysis of the peel off strength was performed by ANOVA. A substantial increase in adhesion of PU on plasma-treated samples was observed. Various characterization techniques such as contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile measurement were used to inspect hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, surface morphology and physical properties of PP fabrics, respectively. As evident from results captured using various characterization techniques, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment enhances the surface properties (hydprophilicity, surface morophology and surface chemistry) without affecting the bulk (tensile strength) properties. It is shown that the plasma treatment parameters as well as the textile structure play an important role in adhesion improvement. Further, it is observed that the effectiveness of the plasma treatment is closely linked to the structure of the textiles fabrics.

Hydrophobic textile materials with organosilicon impregnation

In recent years, special attention has been paid to studying the properties of hydrophobic surfaces of textile materials. The authors provide an overview of the applied textile-processing chemicals and of the methods for imparting hydrophobic properties to textile materials. According to the analysis, it was found that waterand splash-proofing treatment occupies an important place in the finishing processes of textile materials, contributing to a change in their characteristics. The purpose of the research is the development of hydrophobic textile materials for the work clothes production. The aqueous solution based on organosilicon compounds was used for textiles hydrophobization with retention of their performance and hygienic characteristics. The research results of the effect of aqueous solutions based on silane (A-1100 and A-187 trademarks) on the hydrophobic characteristics of textile materials is presented in the article.

Study of the composition of a hydrophobic coating obtained by a plasma chemical deposition from the gas phase on the surface of textile material

In this work, a hydrophobic non-continuous granular coating with a thickness of no more than 1-3 microns, obtained by modifying textile materials with nonequilibrium low temperature plasma (NLTP) in argon-acetylene medium (70:30), was investigated. As a result, the obtained coating is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly paraffins, as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons formed during the polymerization and decomposition of acetylene in the presence of copper, such as alkenes, polyacetylene isomers and others, which contribute to an increase in waterproofing properties.

Modification of surface of textile materials with silver nanoparticles in the radio-frequency induction plasma discharge of low pressure

The results of experimental researches on the modification of knitted polyester materials with a solution of silver nanoparticles using radio-frequency induction plasma treatment are presented. The uniformity of application of the antibacterial preparation on the surface of textiles, as well as the effectiveness of fixing silver nanoparticles in the surface layer of the material were investigated.

A sol-gel method for applying nanosized antibacterial particles to the surface of textile materials in an ultrasonic field.

To prevent possible spread of nosocomial infections - HAI (Healthcare Acquired Infections) in healthcare facilities, Antibacterial textiles are developed. This carried out study has been conducted to assess the feasibility of the method of obtaining antibacterial coatings on textile materials. Specifically, the sol-gel method for synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in combination with zinc oxide nanoparticles from titanyl sulphate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate has been investigated. During the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in combination with the zinc oxide nanoparticles, the coated textile material showed stable antibacterial properties with a suppression level ofEscherichia coliof more than 99.99%. The method has been tested on a semi-industrial scale in roll-to-roll experimentby applying homogenous coatings at a speed of 1,5 m per minute.

Studying the influence of uv adsorbers on optical characteristics of light-protective polymer films for textile materials

The use of UV adsorbers included in composition of a polymer film is a promising way of color protecting against effects of light since application of the polymer to the textile material surface is a universal way of providing the textile materials with necessary special properties. Optical characteristics are the most important indicators of suitability of polymer films for their use in final processing of colored textile materials. The objective of this study consisted in a spectrophotometric determination of optical characteristics of polymer films based on a styrene-acrylic polymer with addition of a cross-linking agent and UV adsorbers for the use in final processing of textile materials for the purpose of their color protection. The polymer matrix is an aqueous dispersion of a thermally linking styrene-acrylic copolymer. Partly esterified melamine resin was used as a cross-linking agent and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 3,6-dihydroxyacetophenone, salicylic acid phenyl ether, p-methoxy cinnamic acid were used as UV adsorbers. Optical characteristics of polymer films were determined using SF-56 spectrophotometer by constructing spectral curves of absorption and transmission in the range of 200‒800 nm. Based on analysis of spectral curves of absorption in polymer films, UV adsorbers which provide formation of colorless polymer films have been established. Spectral curves of light transmission of the studied polymer films in the visible portion of spectrum have allowed us to determine effect of UV adsorbers on film transparency and light transmission in relation to UV rays in the UV portion of the spectrum. Substances that contribute to reduction of UV radiation transmission through polymeric films and provide light protection properties were established. Based on the multivariate analysis of the results obtained in the study of optical characteristics of polymer films, a composition based on styrene-acrylic polymer, cross-linking agent and UV adsorber was recommended. The found composition is suitable for its use in final processing of colored textile materials in order to form a colorless, transparent coating with light-protective properties.

Washing treatment impact on print quality of screen printed knitted fabrics

The surface of textile materials is highly textured, commonly in non-uniform ways. Because of this texture effect, textile surface appears rougher and more porous than other printing substrates, which can cause excessive ink penetration during printing process. Next, washing process is very important factor because it influences ink characteristics on printed samples as well as structural changes of the textile substrate. The aim of this paper is to determine the influences of washing process and different mesh tread count used for printing on print quality. This will be obtained by using spectrophotometric analysis, and GLCM image processing method for print mottle estimation. The results of this research show that increasing number of washing processes leads to higher color differences reproduction color in comparison to printed materials before washing. It also shows that textile surface texture has a great influence on print mottle as well as that number of washing treatment series can generate variations of solid-tone print uniformity.

Plasma technology in textiles

This paper reports the studied available on the plasma technology in textiles. Plasma technology modifies the surfaces of textile materials concrete the way for the realization of new materials and of new research zones. This technology is environmentally technique and used for modifying the surface characteristics of a fabric or fibre without altering its basic properties.

Mode I fatigue fracture toughness of woven laminates: Nesting effect

The mode I fatigue delamination onset and growth is evaluated for two carbon fibre T700-epoxy reinforced woven laminates with a different tow size (3K/12K). Three different nesting/shifting configurations are applied to the plies at the fracture surface. The nesting differences show little effect on the delamination onset fracture energy threshold limits, but normalised results show higher values for the smaller unit cell size. Analysing the normalised Paris diagrams it is concluded that the unit cell size and the nesting configuration does not affect the slopes for the Paris plot. However a smaller unit cell size shifts the normalised Paris diagram to the right. The non-homogeneity of the delaminated surfaces of textile materials leads to irregular slopes.