Carrier Surface Research Articles

Preparation of highly stable immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) through adjusting the surface properties of carrier: Preparation, characterization and performance evaluation

The stability of the immobilized lipase is the key factor that determines the economy and feasibility of its industrial application. Here, two robust immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) were prepared through adjusting the surface properties of ECR1030 resin. Silane coupling agent (SCA) and dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) were employed to modify the carrier surface. Contact angle measurement showed that the hydrophobicity of the modified carrier increased first, and then decreased with the increase of the chain length of SCA. FTIR results showed that Si-O-Si bond and aldehyde group were attached to ECR1030, respectively, indicating that the ECR1030 resin was successfully modified. Meanwhile, the NH and CN bond were observed in the corresponding immobilized CALB, suggesting CALB was immobilized onto the modified carriers. The effects of immobilization conditions on CALB immobilization was further investigated, and the C8-ECR1030-CALB and DAC-ECR1030-CALB with the activity of 12,736 U/g and 11,962 U/g were obtained. Moreover, the stability of the immobilized lipases was evaluated and compared with the commercial Novozym 435. The C8-ECR1030-CALB and DAC-ECR1030-CALB exhibited comparable or superior stability to Novozym 435 and showed better deacidification effect than Novozym 435. This study paves road for further study involving preparation of highly stable immobilized lipase.

Optimization of Interference Suppression Algorithm for Polarization Sensitive Conformal Array in Complex Electromagnetic Environment

With the development of modern electronic technology, the electromagnetic environment is becoming increasingly complex, which poses a severe challenge to the normal work of radar, communication and other systems. Polarization sensitive array can more effectively distinguish and suppress interference signals by using polarization information of electromagnetic waves, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and anti-interference ability of the system. Conformal array can be closely attached to the carrier surface, reducing space occupation and improving signal receiving efficiency and accuracy. However, at present, polarization-sensitive conformal arrays still face technical problems in interference suppression, especially in complex electromagnetic environment, how to optimize interference suppression algorithms to improve system performance has become the research focus. In this paper, an adaptive interference suppression algorithm combining spatial-polarization domain processing is proposed. The algorithm digitally processes the received signal, extracts spatial and polarization domain information, constructs the joint feature vector of the signal in spatial and polarization domain, and designs a joint filter in spatial and polarization domain. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion and the least mean square (LMS) algorithm are used to update the weight vector of the filter in real time, enabling the filter to automatically adapt to changes in the electromagnetic environment and achieve optimal interference suppression. Simulation experiments show that the algorithm exhibits good stability and adaptability under different electromagnetic environments, effectively suppressing interference and extracting the desired signal. Compared with traditional interference suppression algorithms based solely on spatial domain, the joint spatial-polarization domain adaptive interference suppression algorithm significantly improves the interference suppression ratio (ISR) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance indicators, verifying that the introduction of polarization domain information can enhance the effect of interference suppression.

One-pot synthesis of monodisperse silver-lignin particles: Enhanced antibacterial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Lignin-based supports for metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention due to their abundant functional groups that facilitate NPs loading. However, many studies involve a two-step process: fabricating lignin particles and then reducing metal ions to NPs using physical energy consumption or chemical reduction. A one-step in-situ reduction method for NP synthesis on carrier surfaces, eliminating energy consumption, is needed for environmentally friendly and sustainable approach. Herein, we demonstrate that poly-l-lysine (PL) controls the self-assembly kinetics of kraft lignin (KL), and reduces silver ion (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), forming highly monodisperse, co-self-assembled PL-KL particles (Ag@PL-KLPs) without chemical reducing agents or energy consumption. PL facilitated rapid KL desolvation, promoting intermolecular interactions and silver ion adsorption, followed by an efficient, separate nucleation and growth process yielded Ag@PL-KLPs approximately 270 nm in size with a narrow distribution. Notably, Ag@PL-KLPs exhibited enhanced bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, at concentrations of 250 μg/mL. Leveraging biomass-derived lignin and this cost-effective, one-step green synthesis approach offers a sustainable method for avoiding antibiotic overuse and environmental contamination.

Experimental and DFT studies of mercury adsorption and oxidation on CuCo2O4(110) surface

Elemental mercury (Hg0) is a typical toxic pollutant in flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The specific role of oxygen transfer on Hg0 oxidation over CuCo2O4 oxygen carrier and the involved reaction mechanisms were systematically studied by experimental and theoretical methods. In this study, the CuCo2O4 oxygen carrier with spinel-structure was prepared with salt-assisted combustion method. To reduce the grain size and increase the specific surface area of the oxygen carrier, the optimal KCl: CuCo2O4 ratio of 1:1 was obtained. Oxygen uncoupling ability of CuCo2O4 oxygen carrier was very strong, and the oxygen-releasing performance was slightly decreased after ten cyclic processes. Simulation based on density functional theory (DFT) shows that CuCo2O4 has relative low oxygen vacancy formation energy and oxygen transport energy barrier, and the oxygen vacancy is the preferred O2 adsorption site. Hg0 removal experiments show that CuCo2O4 has a strong ability to remove Hg0. The proportion of Hg2+ increases with the temperature, and the proportion of HgP decreases accordingly. Simulation shows that the 3-Co site on the surface of the CuCo2O4 oxygen carrier is the optimum Hg0 adsorption site. CuCo2O4 is found as a strong oxygen-releasing oxygen carrier, which can effectively promote the oxidation of Hg0.

Alkali metal cation adsorption–induced surface polarization in polymeric carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation on the catalyst surface from oxygen is an electron-demanding process, making the construction of an electron-rich surface highly advantageous. In this study, a localized electric field was observed on the surface of polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4) when alkali metal cations were adsorbed onto it. These fields effectively inhibited surface carrier recombination and extended their lifespan, thereby enhancing H2O2 production. As a result, g-C3N4 achieved a superior H2O2 yield of 2.25 mM after 1 h in a 0.25 M K+ solution, which was 2.06 times greater than that (1.09 mM) achieved in a pure solvent. Notably, the increase in photocatalytic efficiency showed a remarkable dependence on ion species. At low concentrations, H2O2 generation efficiency was in the order of Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+. However, after optimizing the ion concentration, the highest H2O2 production was achieved in a solution containing K+ instead of Cs+. Molecular dynamics simulations and temperature-dependent photocatalysis experiments revealed that the synergistic interaction between adsorption energy and adsorption distance was crucial in governing the extent to which alkali metal cation adsorption enhanced g-C3N4 photocatalytic H2O2 production. This study provides theoretical insights for the design of materials for electron-demanding photocatalysis and aids in understanding variations in photocatalytic behavior in natural waters.

Carbothermally synthesized, lignin biochar-based, embedded and surface deposited nano zero-valent iron composites: Comparative material characterization, selective gas adsorption and nitroaromatics remediation

Biochar (BC) with nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) incorporation offers advantageous materials for water purification. Even though the most common approach for nZVI incorporation is the deposition on the carrier surface, embedding in the support matrix has also been reported. However, the behavior of the embedded material in contaminant removal has not been adequately studied while characteristics and the remediation capabilities of the two materials have not been compared. Present study focuses on preparing and extensively characterizing two materials: nZVI embedded in (Lig-e-nZVI) and surface deposited on (Lig-s-nZVI) lignin BC with subsequent comparative study of remedial action for two nitroaromatics, p-nitroaniline (pNA) and p-nitrophenol (pNP). The synthesis of Lig-e-nZVI and Lig-s-nZVI involved simultaneous and subsequent pyrolysis of lignin and carbothermal reduction of the iron salt, respectively. Lig-e-nZVI showed enhanced porosity. XRD confirmed the formation of Fe0. HR-TEM images proved the core-shell structure of nZVI, and an interlayer spacing of 0.36nm of the shell verified that the Fe0 particles are encapsulated with graphene while an iron carbide inner layer was also observed, thinner in Lig-e-nZVI and thicker in Lig-s-nZVI. Band gap energy of 2.54eV suggested a photocatalytic activity of both materials. Best fitted Sips isotherms showed 23.1 and 13.1mgg-1 capacities for Lig-s-nZVI in pNP and pNA adsorption respectively. Highest stability was portrayed by Lig-e-nZVI over 4 regeneration cycles. The physicochemical features of the developed materials further enable selective gas adsorption. Findings provide new insights into physicochemical characteristics and remedial actions of differently synthesized nZVI-BC composites.

Adsorption of Thiotepa on B12N12, Mg12O12, and Si12C12 Fullerene-like Cages: A DFT Study

We examined the adsorption of thiotepa (TTP) on the outer surface of B12N12, Mg12O12, and Si12C12 fullerene-like cages using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computations were carried out at the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof level with the D3 dispersion correction (PBE-D3) in a water solvent. The adsorption mechanism of TTP through N-head and S-head on the external surface of Si12C12 involves a covalent interaction (binding energy ∼ -1.31 eV) with the carrier surface. In contrast, the adsorption of the TTP molecule through N-head and S-head on the outer surfaces of B12N12 (binding energy ∼ -0.75 eV) and Mg12O12 (binding energy ∼ -0.62 eV) fullerene-like cages is driven by electrostatic interactions. Therefore, due to their low values of recovery time, both B12N12 and Mg12O12 fullerene-like cages can serve as carriers for TTP in the treatment of cancer. Thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy and enthalpy energy) demonstrate that these interactions are exothermic and spontaneous. The results further reveal the significant disparity in the calculated HOMO and LUMO energies at the computational level. The formation of intricate bonds between the drug and the fullerene-like cages is attributed to the charge transfer dynamics that occur during their interactions. Through computational analysis and examination of the total density of state (TDOS) plots, it is evident that B12N12 and Si12C12 fullerene-like cages exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to the TTP drug. The adsorption process can increase the electrical conductivity of B12N12 and Si12C12, while having minimal effect on Mg12O12. This suggests that B12N12 could potentially serve as a suitable biosensor for detecting TTP.

Uniform Nanocrystal Spatial Distribution-Enhanced SnO2-based Sensor for High-Sensitivity Hydrogen Detection.

Hydrogen (H2) is colorless, odorless, and has a wide explosive concentration range (4-75 vol %), making rapid and accurate detection of hydrogen leaks essential. This paper demonstrates a method to modify the spatial distribution of nanocrystals (NCs) by adding surfactants to improve the sensing performance. In order to explore its potential for H2 gas-sensing applications, SnO2, containing different mass percentages of PdCu NCs, was dispersed. The results show that the 0.1 wt % PdCu-SnO2 sensor based on surfactant dispersion performs well, with a response to 0.1 vol % H2 that is 18 times higher than that of the undispersed 0.1 wt % PdCu-SnO2 sensor. The enhanced gas-sensing ability after dispersion can be attributed to the fact that the uniform distribution of NCs generates higher quantum efficiency and exposes more active sites on the carrier surface compared to nonuniform distribution. This study provides a simple, novel, and effective method to improve the sensor response.

Gelatin-coated glutathione depletion and oxygen generators in potentiated chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer

Chemotherapy is generally acknowledged as an effective method for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, its treatment efficacy is often compromised due to inefficient drug delivery and drug resistance propensity of tumor tissues. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a novel drug delivery system (Manganese-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles, Mn-MSN) in which paclitaxel (PTX), a conventional chemotherapeutic agent used to effectively treat pancreatic cancer clinically. Through cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, gelatin (Ge) was encapsulated on the carrier surface, endowing the nanoparticles (Ge-Mn-MSN@PTX) with excellent biocompatibility, low hemolytic activity, and enzyme-responsive degradation. Mn was added for the following purposes: (1) catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate oxygen (O2), thereby alleviating tumor hypoxia and drug resistance; (2) depleting glutathione (GSH), inducing intracellular lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis; (3) enabling real-time monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The experimental results demonstrated that Ge-Mn-MSN@PTX has satisfactory biosafety, antitumor activity, controlled drug release as well as imaging tracking capabilities. In the SW1990 nude mice model, the Ge-Mn-MSN@PTX effectively inhibited tumor growth by suppressing the expression of the resistance protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and inducing ferroptosis. In conclusion, the designed gelatin-coated Mn-MSN shows potential for application in future pancreatic cancer therapy.

Insights into bismuthene and antimonene as cisplatin drug carriers: A theoretical comparative investigation

While effective targeted delivery is a challenge in nanomedicine for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, this work focuses on the potential use of Bismuthene and antimonene nanosheets as nanocarriers for cisplatin anti-cancer using DFT methods. The results indicate that, compared to antimonene, bismuthene demonstrates significantly better physical stability, drug release rate, solubility, and biocompatibility, making it an excellent candidate for drug delivery systems. The parallel and perpendicular orientations of the anticancer drug were adsorbed on both nanosheets; the parallel configuration was the most energetically favored with an adsorption energy of −0.79 eV at the parallel site. A charge transfer from the drug to the bismuthene sheet is also revealed by the electronic charge analysis and DOS calculation, thus confirming efficient drug adsorption. Modeling a proton attack on the drug and the carrier surface near the adsorption sites was performed to model drug release, showing the stability and potential of bismuthene in this aspect of drug release mechanisms. Further, with an approach to studying its interactions with biomolecules, interactions of the drug molecule have been analyzed with amino acids, showing that drugs interact efficiently. Further assessments concerning work function, recovery time, electron localization function, and frontier molecular orbital analyses leave no doubt that bismuthene has beneficial features over antimonene. These thorough assessments present bismuthene as a more promising nanocarrier for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs and open a potential pathway to enhance the efficacy of strategies against cancer treatment.

Local edge positioning effect modified carbon nitride for enhancing photocatalytic oxidation of trivalent arsenic

The highly symmetrical structure of heptazine in C3N4 often results in charge localization effects, which hinder the migration of carriers and the formation of active sites. In this study, well-designed C3N4 materials were prepared with carboxylic acid edge sites (ECCN) through a simple polycondensation method. DFT calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the presence of edge COOH units significantly disrupts carrier delocalization on the C3N4 framework, leading to an enhancement of material polarization and inherent electric field. This enhancement facilitates charge transfer and exciton dissociation. Moreover, it exerts a substantial impact on the surface characteristics of ECCN, promoting electron exchange and molecular polarization for As(III). Consequently, it improves capabilities for oxidizing trivalent arsenic by 4 times compared to pure C3N4. Our research represents significant progress in photocatalytic degradation of harmful compounds and provides enhanced understanding regarding control over carrier dynamics and surface reactivity.

In situ growth of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on 2D NiFeS sheets from vulcanization of Ni–Fe LDH for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production

In this paper, 2-dimensional (2D) ZnIn2S4/NiFeS novel junctions were constructed through in-situ growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on 2D large NiFeS sheets with large specific area which were prepared from vulcanization of layer-structured Ni–Fe LDH by a solvent-thermal method. The rough and porous surface of FeNiS, as demonstrated by SEM pictures, endowed the heterojunction large interfacial area and more active sites for hydrogen evolution. Various tests indicate that the integration of a small amount of NiFeS in the heterojunction greatly improved carrier separation efficiency, migration rate, and surface H2 evolution activity, leading to the enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production ability. Optimal 0.6%-NFS/ZIS composite shows the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 1506 μmol h−1 g−1, 2.4 times that of ZnIn2S4. This study provides a novel and cost-effective approach improving photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of sulfides in visible-light-driven water splitting.

Physicochemical characterization and potential cancer therapy applications of hydrogel beads loaded with doxorubicin and GaOOH nanoparticles

A new type of hybrid polymer particles capable of carrying the cytostatic drug doxorubicin and labeled with a gallium compound was prepared. These microparticles consist of a core and a hydrogel shell, which serves as the structural matrix. The shell can be employed to immobilize gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) nanoparticles and the drug, resulting in hybrid beads with sizes of approximately 3.81 ± 0.09 μm. The microparticles exhibit the ability to incorporate a remarkably large amount of doxorubicin, approximately 0.96 mg per 1 mg of the polymeric carrier. Additionally, GaOOH nanoparticles can be deposited within the hydrogel layer at an amount of 0.64 mg per 1 mg of the carrier. These nanoparticles, resembling rice grains with an average size of 593 nm by 155 nm, are located on the surface of the polymer carrier. In vitro studies on breast and colon cancer cell lines revealed a pronounced cytotoxic effect of the hybrid polymer particles loaded with doxorubicin, indicating their potential for cancer therapies. Furthermore, investigations on doping the hybrid particles with the Ga-68 radioisotope demonstrated their potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The proposed structures present a promising theranostic platform, where particles could be employed in anticancer therapies while monitoring their accumulation in the body using PET.

Locomotion of Bacillus subtilis SL-44 mediated by root exudate and carrier in Cr(OH)3-modified porous media

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have a remediation effect on Cr-contaminated soil; however, the remediation scope is only within a small area around the bacteria. Hence, the remediation effect depends on the migration ability of bacteria in the soil. Root exudates enhance the chemotaxis and locomotion of Bacillus subtilis SL-44 by reducing its adhesion coefficient katt and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient D. The locomotion capacity was enhanced by 7.84%–20.00%. Among the root exudates, proline and sucrose remarkably improved the motility of SL44. Biochar and bentonite increased the katt and D of SL-44, inhibited bacterial locomotion, and improved the retention rate on the carrier surface. Bacterial locomotion was reduced by biochar and bentonite by 57.99% and 50.42%, respectively. These reductions were caused by macropore. SL-44 locomotion was positively correlated with the concentration of environmental root exudate (R2 = 0.88−0.92). The results of the simulated soil study were validated in actual agricultural Cr-contaminated soils through qPCR.

High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Interfacial Charge Extraction by Bridging Molecules.

The interface between the perovskite layer and electron transporting layer is a critical determinate for the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The heterogeneity of the interface critically affects the carrier dynamics at the buried interface. To address this, a bridging molecule, (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid (AEP), is introduced for the modification of SnO2/perovskite buried interface in n-i-p structure PSCs. The phosphonic acid group strongly bonds to the SnO2 surface, effectively suppressing the surface carrier traps and leakage current, and uniforming the surface potential. Meanwhile, the amino group influences the growth of perovskite film, resulting in higher crystallinity, phase purity, and fewer defects. Furthermore, the bridging molecules facilitate the charge extraction at the interface, as indicated by the femtosecond transient reflection (fs-TR) spectroscopy, leading to champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.40% (certified 25.98%) for PSCs. Additionally, the strengthened interface enables improved operational durability of ≈1400 h for the unencapsulated PSCs under ISOS-L-1I protocol.

Determination of Temperature‐ and Carrier‐Dependent Surface Recombination in Silicon

Knowledge regarding the temperature dependence of the surface recombination at the interface between silicon and various dielectrics is critically important as it 1) provides fundamental information regarding the interfaces and 2) improves the modeling of solar cell performance under actual operating conditions. Herein, the temperature‐ and carrier‐dependent surface recombination at the silicon–oxide/silicon and aluminum–oxide/silicon interfaces in the temperature range of 25−90 °C using an advanced technique is investigated. This method enables to control the surface carrier population from heavy accumulation to heavy inversion via an external bias voltage, allowing for the decoupling of the bulk and surface contributions to the effective lifetime. Thus, it offers a simple and versatile manner to separate the chemical passivation from the charge‐assisted population control at the silicon/dielectric interface. A model is established to obtain the temperature dependence of the capture cross sections, a critical capability for the optimization of the dielectric layers and the investigation of the fundamental properties of the passivation under field operating conditions.

Theoretical investigation of 4d noble metal (Ru, Rh or Pd) single atom structures influencing surface oxygen behavior on SnO2(1 1 0)

Surface oxygen species play a key role in determining the chemi-resistive gas sensing performance of SnO2. Through surface modification, the type of oxygen species at different working temperatures can be modulated, leading to changes in carrier concentration and surface activity. Single atom structures (SAS) hold enormous potential in the gas sensing domain; however, the impact of different SAS on surface oxygen species on SnO2 remains unclear, resulting in inconsistent improvements in sensing properties. This study conducted a theoretical investigation of different 4d noble metal SAS (Ru, Rh, and Pd) modified SnO2(110) surface, encompassing both electronic and chemical sensitization. All three SAS, when substituting penta-coordinated Sn atom (Sn5c), can inject holes and create a thicker depletion layer to varying degrees. Ru and Rh SAS can accelerate the decomposition of adsorbed O2 and O3. More importantly, Ru and Rh can hinder the combination of adsorbed O* species with adjacent two-coordinated lattice oxygen (O2c), enhancing the chemical stability of O*, which plays a decisive role in detecting reducing gases, with Ru exhibiting a better effect. This theoretical work not only enhances methods and mechanisms for adjusting surface oxygen species and improving the sensing performance of SnO2-based gas sensors, but also provides useful guidance for screening and designing SAS in experimental procedures on different semiconductor metal oxide surfaces.

Unusual electrochemical properties of boron and silicon Co-doped diamond electrodes

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) films exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties and have been utilized in numerous fields. As a common impurity in diamond, silicon is inevitably introduced into the diamond lattice during certain growth process. However, there are limited reports on the impact of silicon co-doping on the electrochemical properties of BDD electrodes. In this paper, we prepared a series of BDD electrodes with various silicon contents and made a systematic evaluation of these electrodes in terms of physicochemical properties. The results indicated that silicon and boron co-doped diamond (SiBDD) electrodes displayed a broader potential window and lower background current compared to the pure BDD electrode. Additionally, we observed that the electron transfer rate of the electrodes in the inner ([Fe(CN)6]3−/4−) redox systems exhibited a rising trend with increasing silicon content, whereas the electron transfer rate of the outer ([Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+) redox systems displayed contrasting trend. Surface analyses and electrochemical measurements results suggested that the unusual phenomena might stem from the alterations in surface functional groups and carrier density of the electrode inducing by silicon co-doping. In general, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that Si co-doping can influence the surface functional groups and carrier behavior of BDD electrodes, thereby altering the electrode's electrochemical performance. This provides new insights for the design of high-performance diamond electrodes.

Magneto-photo-thermoelastic influences on a semiconductor hollow cylinder via a series-one-relaxation model

This article discusses the deformation of semiconductor cylinders in the context of photothermoelastic theory. The proposed model is used to describe thermal waves, plasma waves, and elastic waves and analyze the theoretical analysis of thermal deformation effects on semiconductor hollow cylinders. The interior of the hollow cylinder is clamped and unaffected by thermal loads and carrier concentrations, while the exterior is subject to sinusoidal heating and limited carrier density. In addition, the surface of the cylinder is surrounded by magnets in the direction of its axis. Initially, the governing equations are explained in Laplace domain and the Laplace inversion is used numerically. The results from thermal physics are presented graphically to investigate the impact of thermal relaxation and temperature on temperature of plasma thermoelastic waves. The effects of carrier diffusion coefficient and surface recombination rate on carrier concentration distribution are also discussed in detail.

Synergistic effect of magnesium stearate and fine lactose in improving aerosolization performance of fluticasone propionate in dry powder formulation

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) and lactose fines are often used as ternary components in carrier-based dry powder inhalers (DPIs) to improve fine particle fraction (FPF), but whether they act synergistically to improve aerosolization performance of DPI formulations is currently less studied. In addition, the applicability of utilizing powder rheological parameters to predict the FPF needs to be further verified. Thus, in this study, using fluticasone propionate (FP) as a model drug, effect of lactose fines addition in 0.5% MgSt containing DPI formulations on their powder and aerodynamic properties was explored. Influence of MgSt and fines mixing order on the DPIs performance was also investigated. The results showed that addition of lactose fines (1–10%) in 0.5% MgSt containing formulations could further improve flowability and enhance adhesion of the mixtures, and they could act synergistically to improve FPF. Moreover, the presence of 0.5% MgSt can greatly reduce the amount of lactose fines required to achieve the comparable FPF. The mixing order can affect distribution of MgSt on the carrier surface, with higher FPF noted when MgSt was mixed with carrier first, followed by lactose fines. A good linear relationship between powder rheological parameters such as basic flowability energy (BFE), Permeability and FPF was disclosed. In conclusion, in FP based DPIs, MgSt and lactose fines act synergistically to enhance FPF by tuning powder characteristics. Good flowability (27.39%) and strong adhesion (72.61%) contributed to the enhanced drug deposition in the lung.