Surface Modification Treatment Research Articles

Effect of holmium oxide nanoparticle on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

In this study, holmium oxide/epoxy resin (Ho2O3/EP) nanocomposites were prepared by using different additions of Ho2O3 nanoparticles as nanofiller. The surface-modification treatment of Ho2O3 was applied with a silane coupling agent (SCA) to improve the interfacial combination between Ho2O3 and EP. The effect of SCA treatment on the chemical structure of Ho2O3 was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of Ho2O3 nanoparticle and SCA treatment on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied. The fracture morphology of the EP nanocomposites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the failure mechanism of the EP nanocomposites with Ho2O3 nanoparticle. The experimental results show the tensile and flexural strengths of the nanocomposites are improved when Ho2O3 content is 1 wt. %. The tensile and flexural strengths were increased to 73.42 MPa and 130.85 MPa, respectively. But on further increase in Ho2O3 content of 1.5 wt. %, the tensile and flexural strengths were reduced. The SCA treatment could increase the interfacial bonding by containing C-H and Si-O functional groups, promoting the tensile properties, flexural properties, impact toughness, and fracture properties of the nanocomposites.

Preparation of Wheat Straw Hot-Pressed Board through Coupled Dilute Acid Pretreatment and Surface Modification.

The production of wheat straw waste board materials encounters challenges, including inadequate inherent adhesiveness and the utilization of environmentally harmful adhesives. Employing a hot-pressed method for converting wheat straw into board materials represents a positive stride towards the resourceful utilization of agricultural wastes. This study primarily focuses on examining the influence of hot-pressing process conditions on the mechanical properties of wheat straw board materials pretreated with dilute acid. Additionally, it assesses the necessity of dilute acid treatment and optimizes the hot-pressing conditions to achieve optimal results at 15 MPa, 2 h, and 160 °C. Furthermore, a comprehensive process is developed for preparing wheat straw hot-pressed board materials by combining dilute acid pretreatment with surface modification treatments, such as glutaraldehyde, citric acid, and rosin. Finally, a thorough characterization of the mechanical properties of the prepared board materials is conducted. The results indicate a substantial improvement in tensile strength across all modified wheat straw board materials compared to untreated ones. Notably, boards treated with glutaraldehyde exhibited the most significant enhancement, achieving a tensile strength of 463 kPa, bending strength of 833 kPa, and a water absorption rate of 14.14%. This study demonstrates that combining dilute acid pretreatment with surface modification treatments effectively enhances the performance of wheat straw board materials, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional wood-based board materials.

Effect of Ce replacing La on the electrochemical performance of amorphous grain boundaries Mg-Ni-based materials

Aiming at enhancing the electrochemical characteristic of RE-Mg-based composite, the partial substituting La with Ce experiment in the composites was conducted, and the surface modification treatment of the alloys was performed by mechanical coating Ni. By means of mechanical trituration, The La10-xCexMg80Ni5 (x = 0–2) + y wt% Ni (y = 50–200) compound materials which have the structures of nanocrystalline and amorphous were synthesized. In order to make sense of the principle action of Ce and Ni elements in structural and electrochemical properties of the material, some deep research were carried out. According to the final results, the as-milled composites have the electrochemical hydrogen absorption and hydrogen desorption abilities at room temperature. Having no use for activation, the as-milled composites can reach the maximum discharge capacities when the first cycling was carried out. With the Ni value x changed from 50 to 200, the discharge capacity was varied from 70.5 mAh/g to 902.1 mAh/g; moreover, the capacity retention rate at 20th cycle (S20) and high rate dischargeability (HRD) of the (x = 0) composite were heightened from 67.2 % to 82.3 %, from 50.6 % to 55.7 % respectively. The composites' (y = 100) discharge capacity has a maximum value 118.5 mAh/g when the Ce value x is 1. The capacity retention rate (S20) is enhanced from 53.3 % to 68.5 % by lifting Ce content from x = 0 to x = 2. what's more, the high-rate discharge ability (HRD), the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves, and potential-step measurements all intimate that substituting La with Ce clearly promotes the composites' electrochemical kinetic properties, but maximum values emerge only when the x value is 1.

Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12 Coated LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 Prepared by Rheological Phase Reaction Method

Abstract In this study, we fabricated LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C (LMFP/C) materials employing the spray drying method. Subsequently, the LMFP/C composites underwent surface modification with Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) using the rheological phase reaction method. LTO demonstrates high electrochemical activity and possesses significantly greater lithium-ion conductivity compared to LMFP. The developed composite coating serves a dual purpose by safeguarding the LMFP material against electrolyte erosion and facilitating the swift transfer of lithium ions and electrons. The results from transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy validated the successful coating of LTO onto the LMFP/C surface after the surface modification treatment. A comparative analysis was conducted between the pristine LMFP/C powder and the LMFP-LTO composite that underwent surface modification. The results reveal that the 2 wt. % LTO-coated LMFP/C composite has the best electrochemical performance, manifesting specific capacities of 156 and 132.6 mAh·g-1 at 0.2 and 5 C rate, respectively. Furthermore, the material demonstrated excellent cycle retention, with 95.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C. Hence, LTO coating can be considered an efficacious strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of LMFP.

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic–Hydrophilic Patterned Cu@Ag Composite SERS Substrate via Femtosecond Laser

Ultralow concentration molecular detection is critical in various fields, e.g., food safety, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis. Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on ultra-wettable surfaces has attracted attention due to its unique ability to detect trace molecules. However, the complexity and cost associated with the preparation of traditional SERS substrates restrict their practical application. Thus, an efficient SERS substrate preparation with high sensitivity, a simplified process, and controllable cost is required. In this study, a superhydrophobic–hydrophilic patterned Cu@Ag composite SERS substrate was fabricated using femtosecond laser processing technology combined with silver plating and surface modification treatment. By inducing periodic stripe structures through femtosecond laser processing, the developed substrate achieves uniform distribution hotspots. Using the surface wettability difference, the object to be measured can be confined in the hydrophilic region and the edge of the hydrophilic region, where the analyte is enriched by the coffee ring effect, can be quickly located by surface morphology difference of micro-nanostructures; thus, greatly improving detection efficiency. The fabricated SERS substrate can detect Rhodamine 6G (R6G) at an extraordinarily low concentration of 10−15 mol/L, corresponding to an enhancement factor of 1.53 × 108. This substrate has an ultralow detection limit, incurs low processing costs and is simple to prepare; thus, the substrate has significant application potential in the trace analysis field.

Synergistic Amelioration of Osseointegration and Osteoimmunomodulation with a Microarc Oxidation-Treated Three-Dimensionally Printed Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Scaffold via Surface Activity and Low Elastic Modulus.

Biomaterial scaffolds, including bone substitutes, have evolved from being primarily a biologically passive structural element to one in which material properties such as surface topography and chemistry actively direct bone regeneration by influencing stem cells and the immune microenvironment. Ti-6Al-4V(Ti6Al4V) implants, with a significantly higher elastic modulus than human bone, may lead to stress shielding, necessitating improved stability at the bone-titanium alloy implant interface. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448), a low elastic modulus β-type titanium alloy devoid of potentially toxic elements, was utilized in this study. We employed 3D printing technology to fabricate a porous scaffold structure to further decrease the structural stiffness of the implant to approximate that of cancellous bone. Microarc oxidation (MAO) surface modification technology is then employed to create a microporous structure and a hydrophilic oxide ceramic layer on the surface and interior of the scaffold. In vitro studies demonstrated that MAO treatment enhances the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenesis capabilities on the scaffold surface. The chemical composition of the MAO-Ti2448 oxide layer is found to enhance the transcription and expression of osteogenic genes in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), potentially related to the enrichment of Nb2O5 and SnO2 in the oxide layer. The MAO-Ti2448 scaffold, with its synergistic surface activity and low stiffness, significantly activates the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, creating an immune microenvironment that promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo experiments in a rabbit model demonstrated a significant improvement in the quantity and quality of the newly formed bone trabeculae within the scaffold under the contact osteogenesis pattern with a matched elastic modulus. These trabeculae exhibit robust connections to the external structure of the scaffold, accelerating the formation of an interlocking structure between the bone and implant and providing higher implantation stability. These findings suggest that the MAO-Ti2448 scaffold has significant potential as a bone defect repair material by regulating osteoimmunomodulation and osteogenesis to enhance osseointegration. This study demonstrates an optional strategy that combines the mechanism of reducing the elastic modulus with surface modification treatment, thereby extending the application scope of β-type titanium alloy.

Surface modification of epoxy resin by MnO2–H2SO4–H2O–Na4P2O7 for enhanced adhesion to electroless copper

The purpose of this study was to enhance the adhesion strength between the epoxy resin (EP) substrate and the electroless copper plating layer by utilizing a MnO2–H2SO4–H2O–Na4P2O7 system for surface modification. The effect of the volume ratio of VH2SO4:VH2O and the duration of surface modification on various surface characteristics and adhesion strength was examined. The results provide valuable insights into the relationship between these factors and their impact on the properties of the surface. Optimal results were achieved with a volume ratio of VH2SO4:VH2O at 3:1, a surface modification time of 20 min, Na4P2O7 content of 30 g L−1, and a modification temperature of 50 °C. Following the surface modification treatment, the EP substrate surface exhibited many deep micro-holes, significantly improving surface roughness. Due to the enhanced roughness on the surface and the application of suitable modifications, the contact angle on the EP substrate surface exhibited a significant decrease from 94.6° to 19.5°. This alteration caused the surface to transition from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The adhesion strength between the EP substrate and the electroless copper plating layer was significantly increased to 0.74 kN m−1. This improvement was attributed to the combined effects of surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the substrate surface.

Green and Red Emissive N,O-Doped Chiral Carbon Dots Functionalized with l-Cysteine.

Although chirality plays an important role in the natural world, it has also attracted much scientific attention in nanotechnology, in particular, spintronics and bioapplications. Chiral carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanoparticles for sensing and bioimaging since they are biocompatible, ecofriendly, and free from toxic elements. Herein, green and red emissive chiral CDs are fabricated via surface modification treatment of achiral CDs at room temperature. After modification with l-cysteine molecules, the treated CDs demonstrate an intense chiral signal in the region of 200-300 nm with a dissymmetry factor up to 2.3 × 10-4 and high photoluminescence quantum yields of 19% and 15% for green and red emission bands, respectively. These CDs preserve their chiral signal in different ion systems, such as those with pH changes or in the presence of metal ions, along with remarkably low cytotoxicity, making them potential candidates for use as photoluminescent labels for biological objects.

Effects of Shot Peening on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of AMS 6265 Steel Surface Treated for Critical Aircraft Components

Considering its very good mechanical properties, especially the high strength and toughness, and also its well-known case-hardening ability, the AMS 6265 (9310 VAR) low alloy steel is widely used in the aeronautical industry for manufacturing heavy-duty products and parts, like pinions, shafts, gears, piston pins, and other critical aircraft components. In this study, a surface modification treatment via shot peening method was applied to an initially case-hardened (quenched and carburized) AMS 6265 aircraft steel. In shot peening, the mechanical properties of the surface layer are improved, by generating plastically deformed micro-areas when exposing the metal surface to a stream of steel, glass, or ceramic shots. The initial case-hardened AMS 6265 alloy steel and all surface treated samples were structurally investigated by means of OM (optical microscopy), SEM-BSE (scanning electron microscopy – backscattered electrons imaging), and XRD (X-Ray diffraction) analysis, being also mechanically tested in tensile and microhardness tests. The influence of different shot peening parameters (shot size, peening pressure, and exposure time) on mechanical properties evolution and microstructural features, for the analyzed AMS 6265 alloy steel, was established in this present research.

Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification effect on reduction of hydrogen embrittlement in Inconel-625 parts fabricated via additive manufacturing process

With its considerable design flexibility, additive manufacturing, especially laser powder based fusion (PBF-LB) has been considered a possible method for fabricating metal parts needed in the hydrogen sector. However, hydrogen embrittlement of additively manufactured components is one of the essential issues that must be resolved before the practical application in the hydrogen industry. This study evaluates the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment on reducing hydrogen embrittlement in additively manufactured Inconel-625 alloy. The slow strain rate tensile test results of specimens with or without UNSM-treatment that were charged hydrogen gas at a high pressure of 700 bar for two weeks, it was confirmed that the elongation reduction decreased by about 6.3 % in the case of the UNSM-treated specimen. Even though the hydrogen concentration doubled after the UNSM-treatment, the decrease in elongation reduction indicates that the UNSM-treatment is effective in reducing hydrogen embrittlement. In addition, hardness, and microstructural inspection were employed to validate the mechanism of preventing hydrogen penetration after UNSM-treatment.

Designing Gallium-Containing Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Low Modulus Beta Ti-45Nb Alloy

Low-modulus β-type Ti-45Nb alloy is a promising implant material due to its good mechanical biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and outstanding corrosion resistance. Its excellent chemical stability brings new challenges to chemical surface modification treatments, which are indispensable for both osteogenesis and antibacterial performance. Coatings containing metal ions as anti-microbial agents can be an effective way to reduce implant-associated infections caused by bacterial biofilm. Gallium ion (Ga3+) has the potential to reduce bacterial viability and biofilm formation on implant surfaces. In this study, a novel two-step process has been proposed for Ga3+ incorporation in hydroxyapatite (HAP) to develop bioactive and antibacterial surfaces on Ti-45Nb alloy. For the generation of bioactive surface states, HAP electrodeposition was conducted, followed by wet chemical immersion treatments in gallium nitrate (1 mM). Different buffers such as phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, and citrate were added to the solution to maintain a pH value in the range of 6.5–6.9. Coating morphology and HAP phases were retained after treatment with gallium nitrate, and Ga3+ ion presence on the surface up to 1 wt.% was confirmed. Combining Ga and HAP shows great promise to enable the local delivery of Ga3+ ions and consequent antibacterial protection during bone regeneration, without using growth factors or antibiotics.

Enhancing multi-crystalline silicon wafer performance through surface modification and AZO treatment

ABSTRACT In the current work, we studied the influence of surface modification on reflectivity and minority carrier lifetime of mc-Si wafer taken from ingot grown by DS process. Two etchants combination namely, KOH/IPA/DI water, and NaOCl/KOH/IPA/DI water are used for different time durations. Reflectance and minority carrier lifetime vary significantly for both etchants used in this work. Optimised micro pyramidal structure formation will aid in enhancing the total internal reflection thereby increasing light absorption. Increase in minority carrier lifetime will be helpful in increasing the efficiency of solar cell. In order to establish the effect of etching on reflectivity of wafers, Al-doped ZnO was sputtered on etched surface and reflectivity was found to decrease further as observed from the reflectivity spectrum. I-V measurements were carried out on Ag/Ti/AZO/mc-Si/Ag and effect of etching on contact behaviour was observed. AZO-coated Si surface with optimised surface micro pyramids served as a good antireflection layer.

Cellulose Nanofibril Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Templated Aerogel with High Oil Absorption Capacity.

Nanocellulose-based aerogels, featuring a three-dimensional porous structure, are considered as a desirable green absorbent because of their exceptional absorption performance as well as the abundance and renewability of the raw material. However, these aerogels often require hydrophobic modification or carbonization, which is often environmentally harmful and energy-intensive. In this study, we introduce a Pickering-emulsion-templating approach to fabricate a cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogel with a hierarchical pore structure, allowing for high oil absorption capacity. n-Hexane-CNF oil-in-water Pickering emulsions are prepared as an emulsion template, which is further lyophilized to create a hollow microcapsule-based CNF (HM-CNF) aerogel with a density ranging from 1.3 to 6.1 mg/cm3 and a porosity of ≥99.6%. Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses reveal the HM-CNF aerogel's hierarchical pore structure, originating from the CNF Pickering emulsion template, and also confirm the aerogel's very high surface area of 216.6 m2/g with an average pore diameter of 8.6 nm. Furthermore, the aerogel exhibits a maximum absorption capacity of 354 g/g and 166 g/g for chloroform and n-hexadecane, respectively, without requiring any surface modification or chemical treatment. These combined findings highlight the potential of the Pickering-emulsion-templated CNF aerogel as an environmentally sustainable and high-performance oil absorbent.

Two birds, one stone: Deep eutectic solvent (DES) modified graphite felt electrode significantly improves performance of DES-electrolyte non-aqueous flow battery

In the past, non-aqueous redox flow batteries usually used organic solvents or ionic liquids as electrolytes. However, these two liquids are not suitable as electrolytes in terms of safety and production costs. Herein, we chose a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for non-aqueous redox flow battery. DES has been applied to play two functions in Fe/V non-aqueous redox flow battery: commercial graphite felt electrode is treated with DES and heat treatment for surface modification; DES also acts as a main electrolyte for the non-aqueous redox flow battery. While ensuring no external substances are introduced to produce side reactions, the electrode reaction kinetics are enhanced, and better cyclability is achieved. The modified treatment increases the number of oxygen-containing groups and defect sites on electrode surface. Electrode exhibits higher electrochemical activity and lower charge transfer resistance. In the full battery test, the maximum power density with modified electrode reaches 13.26 mW·cm−2, which is 114% higher than commercial graphite felt electrode. The energy efficiency reaches 90.50% and battery life is extended by 70.58% compared with commercial graphite felt electrode. This study has successfully improved the electrochemical performance of Fe/V DES redox flow battery and provides a novel idea for electrode modification.

Surface Modifications of Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage and Nickel–Metal Hydride Batteries: A Review

Whether it is fossil energy or renewable energy, the storage, efficient use, and multi-application of energy largely depend on the research and preparation of high-performance materials. The research and development of energy storage materials with a high capacity, long cycle life, high safety, and high cleanability will improve the properties of energy storage systems and promote their wide application. In recent years, Mg-based materials, from a comprehensive consideration of energy storage performance, raw material reserves, and prices, have demonstrated potential industrial applications as large-scale hydrogen storage materials. Nevertheless, Mg-based materials also have obvious disadvantages: as a hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen absorption/desorption rate is insufficient, as well as the high hydrogen absorption/desorption temperatures; as the electrode material of Ni-MH batteries, the reactions of Mg with alkaline electrolyte and corrosion are the main problems for applications. This article reviews different surface treatment methods and mechanisms for surface modifications of Mg-based materials for hydrogen storage and Ni-MH battery applications, as well as the performance of the materials after surface modifications. Multiple experimental studies have shown that the surface layer or state of Mg-based materials has a strong impact on their performance. Surface modification treatment can greatly improve the energy storage performance of magnesium-based materials for hydrogen storage and Ni-MH battery applications. Specifically, Mg-based materials can have a lower hydrogen absorption/desorption temperature and a faster hydrogen absorption/desorption rate when used as hydrogen storage materials and can improve the corrosion resistance, initial discharge capacity, and cycling stability in alkaline solutions when used as negative electrode materials for Ni-MH batteries. By offering an overview of the surface modification methods for Mg-based materials in two energy storage fields, this article can improve researchers’ understanding of the surface modification mechanism of Mg-based materials and contribute to improving material properties in a more targeted manner. While improving the material properties, the material’s preparation and surface modification treatment process are considered comprehensively to promote the development, production, and application of high-performance Mg-based materials.

Synergetic effect of Fe/Ag ions incorporated HAp on AZ31 Mg alloy to improve corrosion resistance and osteogenic activity

In clinical applications, the rapid deterioration of biodegradable magnesium alloys under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions is a key problem. However, to overcome the limitations surface modification treatments on this material are performed. In this work, a Fe/Ag-HAp coating was developed for biodegradable AZ31 Mg alloy to enhance the corrosion resistance and osteoconductive of the material. The surface morphological studies displayed a flaky-like aggregated structure. In addition to validating the functional groups with Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the crystal structure of the samples. Moreover, real-time corrosion was monitored by hydrogen evolution, indicating 2.8 ml of gas was evolved in the coated sample compared with bare material. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance studies revealed the significant corrosion rate and strong impedance resistance of the coating materials. After 7 days of immersion in SBF solution, the coating recruited calcium/phosphate from the entire sample, as observed in the cauliflower-like structure, and the functional group was confirmed by ATR-IR spectroscopy. MTT was performed using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, the samples were incubated for 24 h and revealed better adhesion on the surface which was observed by SEM. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated in 3 and 5 days and it showed a significant increase in cell proliferation rate.

Effects of nucleation pretreatment on corrosion resistance of conversion coating on magnesium alloy Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr

To improve corrosion resistance of phosphate chemical conversion coatings (PCCs) on magnesium alloy Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr, a new route was proposed. The phosphate conversion treatment was preceded by two nucleation pretreatment processes in the form of physical adhesion and chemical adsorption. The present study focused on the effects of two nucleation pretreatments of silane coupling agent KH-550 + nano-SiO2 sol process and Ti/Zr surface modification treatment on microstructure and corrosion resistance of PCCs on magnesium alloy Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr. Results demonstrate that nucleation pretreatment can prefabricate dispersed nuclei on substrate's surface, which significantly enhances the nucleation rate during the initial stage of coating formation, and decreases the crystal size of PCCs. Corrosion resistance of the PPCs was increased by a factor of 4. The Ti/Zr pretreatment demonstrates a superior application perspective due to the ease-of-fabrication and simplicity.

Effects of Surface Modification and Heat Treatment on the Storage and Application Properties of Waterborne Zinc-Based Paint

The high activity of metallic zinc particles with water, and consequently the short pot lift of a mixed waterborne organic zinc-rich paint, are the most well-known problem for their application. In this study, zinc powders were modified by silane-crosslinked potassium silicate and the paint’s pot life was prolonged. Electron microscopy analysis showed that the zinc spheres in the waterborne paint were encapsulated by the shell consisted of silane-crosslinked potassium silicate and resin. The modification allowed the paint stay fluid after storage for 36 h. Nevertheless, the thickened shell was found to deteriorate the cathodic protection provided by the zinc particles. As a repair strategy, the post-heat treatment performing on the coating could awaken the protective effect of zinc powders. The anti-corrosion performance of the repaired coatings was confirmed by electrochemical tests and salt spray tests.

Enhancement of AFB1 Removal Efficiency via Adsorption/Photocatalysis Synergy Using Surface-Modified Electrospun PCL-g-C3N4/CQDs Membranes.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly toxic mycotoxin produced by aspergillus species under specific conditions as secondary metabolites. In this study, types of PCL (Polycaprolactone) membranes anchored (or not) to g-C3N4/CQDs composites were prepared using electrospinning technology with (or without) the following surface modification treatment to remove AFB1. These membranes and g-C3N4/CQDs composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, UV-vis, XRD, XPS and FTIR to analyze their physical and chemical properties. Among them, the modified PCL-g-C3N4/CQDs electrospun membranes exhibited an excellent ability to degrade AFB1 via synergistic effects of adsorption and photocatalysis, and the degradation rate of 0.5 μg/mL AFB1 solution was observed to be up to 96.88% in 30 min under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the modified PCL-g-C3N4/CQDs electrospun membranes could be removed directly after the reaction process without centrifugal or magnetic separation, and the regeneration was a green approach synchronized with the reaction under visible light avoiding physical or chemical treatment. The mechanism of adsorption by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding interaction was revealed and the mechanism of photodegradation of AFB1 was also proposed based on active species trapping experiments. This study illuminated the highly synergic adsorption and photocatalytic AFB1 removal efficiency without side effects from the modified PCL-g-C3N4/CQDs electrospun membranes, thereby offering a continual and green solution to AFB1 removal in practical application.

Adjusting the interfacial adhesion via surface modification to prepare high-performance fibers

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber is a new kind of high-performance fiber. Due to its excellent physical and chemical characteristics, it is widely used in various fields. However, the surface UHMWPE fiber is smooth and demonstrates no-polar groups. The weak interfacial adhesion between fiber and resin seriously restricts the applications of UHMWPE fiber. Therefore, the surface modification treatments of UHMWPE fiber are used to improve the interfacial adhesion strength. The modified method by adding nanomaterials elucidates the easy fabrication, advanced equipment and proper technology. Thus, the progress of UHMWPE nanocomposite fibers prepared via adding various nanofillers are reviewed. Meanwhile, the effects of other various methods on surface modification are also reviewed. This work advances the various design strategies about nano technologies on improving interfacial adhesion performance via treatment methodologies.