Surface Modification Of Polyester Fabrics Research Articles

Surface modification of polyester fabrics for improving oil–water separation efficiency using air pressure plasma without any additives

Surface modification of polyester fabrics for improving oil–water separation efficiency using air pressure plasma without any additives

Surface modification of polyester fabrics using choline hydroxide-catalysed glycolysis

This study explores the surface modification of polyethene terephthalate (PET) fabric via glycolysis, employing choline hydroxide as an eco-friendly catalyst. A range of chemicals was evaluated for catalysing the glycolysis reaction. Among them, choline hydroxide demonstrated notable enhancements in surface hydrophilicity, moisture regain, wicking properties, and water contact angle, surpassing other catalysts. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a marked increase in surface roughness and irregularities following glycolysis in the presence of this ionic liquid. The surface modification technique employed in this investigation resulted in a decrease of less than 20% in the breaking force of the fabric. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and the methylene blue staining method confirmed the emergence of free hydroxyl groups on the modified fabric's surface. These findings suggest that glycolysis catalysed by choline hydroxide is a promising approach for enhancing the surface characteristics of polyester fabrics, which may lead to improved functional properties in textile applications.

Adhesion studies of atmospheric pressure plasma-modified polyester fabrics with polyurethane coating

Surface modification of polyester fabric was done using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with the aim of improving the adhesion properties using polyurethane (PU) polymer as an adhesive. The change in adhesion strength with respect to various plasma powers and treatment durations was examined. For analysing the adhesive bond strength of the coated fabric the T-peel off strength was investigated. After plasma treatment, an improvement in adhesion was observed compared to the untreated sample. The effect of oxygen gas on adhesion with PU adhesive was also studied. Surface wettability after plasma treatment was studied by wicking measurements. Changes in surface morphology were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ATR-FTIR were used to study the surface chemistry of plasma-treated samples. SEM, AFM, and XPS results reveal the surface roughening and incorporation of functional groups, such as C–O, C–OH, O–C=O, and COOH. No adverse effect on the mechanical strength of the plasma-modified polyester fabric was seen.

Effect of surface modification of polyester fabric on microfiber shedding from household laundry

PurposeSynthetic textile materials are noted as one of the major contributors to microfiber pollution through laundry. Though many research works evaluated microfiber pollution, the solutions provided to control microfiber shedding are meager. The existing products collect or filter the microfiber from laundry effluent and restrict the direct leaching. However, no methods were proposed to effectively reduce the shedding from the textile itself.Design/methodology/approachThis research is aimed to analyze the influence of surface modification of polyester knitted textiles by sodium hydroxide, on microfiber shedding. Response surface methodology was adapted to optimize different treatment parameters (alkali concentration, treatment time and temperature).FindingsThe results show that the sodium hydroxide concentration and treatment time had a negative correlation with microfiber shedding reduction. Whereas, treatment temperature had a positive correlation with microfiber shedding reduction. The statistical analysis revealed that 0.4 M concentration, 90°C temperature and 24 min of treatment time was the best process condition for minimum microfiber release. The same was confirmed with a practical experiment and a significant reduction of 80.63% in microfiber shedding after alkali treatment was found.Originality/valueAlkali treatment of different knitted polyester fabrics with various knit structures and mass per square meter showed a significant reduction in microfiber shedding. The repeated laundry performed for 20 washes with surface-modified samples showed a significant reduction in microfiber release at every wash cycle and ensured the longevity of the effect.

Modification of polyester fabrics with Zn2SnO4 nanorods for superior self-cleaning, UV-protection and antibacterial performance

In this study, zinc stannate nanorods were grown on polyester fabric for imparting multi-functional properties like self-cleaning, ultraviolet (UV) protection and antibacterial. Surface modification of polyester fabric was performed to increase the surface activity and enhance the zinc stannate nanorods adsorption. In this regards, polyester samples were treated with sodium hydroxide in the impregnating bath in the presence of zinc acetate and tin tetrachloride. The modified polyesters were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of Zn2SnO4 nanorods on polyester fibers. The treated polyester fabrics possess significant self-cleaning property by degradation of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation. Zn2SnO4-treated polyester samples showed excellent antibacterial properties toward two pathogen bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). Moreover, an improvement in UV protection property of the treated fabrics was indicated.

Enzyme hydrolysis of polyester knitted fabric: A method to control the microfiber shedding from synthetic textile.

Synthetic textile materials are noted as one of the major contributors to microfiber release from household laundry. The higher usage ofsynthetic textiles was noted as one of the major reasons for the leaching of microfibers into the aquatic system. Though few laundry aids are available to control the release of microfiber from laundry, no successful methods were developed to control it in the fabric itself. Hence, this research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of surface modification of polyester fabric using lipase enzyme and its impact on microfiber shedding. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was adopted to optimize the enzyme treatment process parameters to reduce microfiber shedding. The results showed that enzyme concentration was the major influencing factor with a contribution of 35.56%, followed by treatment pH (35.247%), treatment time (17.46%), and treatment temperature (11.74%). The optimization with S/N ratio showed minimum microfiber shedding at an enzyme concentration of 0.5 gram per liter (gpl), treatment temperature of 55°C, 6.5 pH, and a treatment time of 45 minutes. Knitted polyester fabric treated with the optimized enzyme treatment condition showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in microfiber shedding (count-79.11% and mass-85.68%). The surface changes and the interaction of the enzyme on the fabric were confirmed by hydrolytic activity and FTIR analysis. The optimized treatment on different knit structures and fabric with different grams per square meter (GSM) indicated the versatility of the treatment irrespective of fabric parameters. The repeated laundry process (20 washing cycles) showed that the enzyme-treated samples had a significant level (p<0.05) of reduction in shedding than the control sample. The difference in shedding after 20 washes supports the efficiency and longevity of the enzyme treatment process in reducing microfiber shedding.

Surface Modification of Polyester Fabrics by Ozone and Its Effect on Coloration Using Disperse Dyes.

Polyester fibers (PES) are the most consumed textile fibers due to their low water absorption; non-ionic character and high crystallinity. However, due to their chemical structure, the chemical interactions between polyester, finishing products, and dyes are quite challenging. We report on the use of ozone to modify the surface of polyester fibers with the goal of improving the interaction of the modified surface with finishing compounds and dyes. We used C.I. Disperse Yellow 211 to dye ozone-treated polyester fabrics and evaluated the effects of ozone treatment using FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM imaging, rubbing tests, and capillarity measurements. We evaluated the dyeing performance via color analysis, and determined the dyeing kinetics. Experimental results indicate that the modification of polyester fabrics with ozone is a feasible pre-treatment that improves dyeing efficiency allowing better solidity of color and a decrease in the amount of dye required.

A Study on Improving Dyeability of Polyester Fabric Using Lipase Enzyme

Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis on synthetic fibers enhances the hydrophilicity and solves the concerns regarding the environmental issues of textile industry. Lipase hydrolyses ester linkages in polyethylene terephthalate and produces polar hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The study aims to identify and investigate the effect of enzyme treatment on weight loss and surface modification of polyester fabrics. Also the functional groups present before and after treatment and the effect of enzyme treatment on the improvement of dye uptake are studied. The test indicates that enzymatic process creates less surface damage, weight loss and improved moisture regain, dye uptake, and shear properties.

Surface modification of polyester fabric using microwave irradiation to minimize pollution in textile industry via optimizing energy and time

Polyester fabric was hydrolyzed by Sodium Hydroxideusing microwave technique as well as the conventional one, in order to enhance its wettability. Several factors were studied such as time, temperature, concentration of sodium hydroxide, liquor ratio and wet pick up. The treated and untreated fabricswerethen after-treated with zinc oxide. Antibacterialproperty, UPF as well as dyeability of the treated fabricswere evaluated. Microwave technique shows best results in all evaluation compared with the conventional technique.

Surface modification of polyester fabric using plasma-dendrimer for robust immobilization of glucose oxidase enzyme

Robust immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was achieved on poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric (PN) after integration of favourable surface functional groups through plasma treatments [atmospheric pressure-AP or cold remote plasma-CRP (N2 + O2)] and/or chemical grafting of hyperbranched dendrimers [poly-(ethylene glycol)-OH or poly-(amidoamine)]. Absorption, stability, catalytic behavior of immobilized enzymes and reusability of resultant fibrous bio-catalysts were comparatively studied. Full characterization of PN before and after respective modifications was carried out by various analytical, instrumental and arithmetic techniques. Results showed that modified polyester having amine terminal functional groups pledged better surface property providing up to 31% enzyme loading, and 81% active immobilized enzymes. The activity of the enzyme was measured in terms of interaction aptitude of GOx in a given time to produce hydrogen peroxide using colorimetric assay. The immobilized GOx retained 50% of its original activity after being reused six (06) times and exhibited improved stability compared with the free enzyme in relation to temperature. The reaction kinetics, loading efficiency, leaching, and reusability analysis of enzyme allowed drawing a parallel to the type of organic moiety integrated during GOx immobilization. In addition, resultant fibrous bio-catalysts showed substantial antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) in the presence of oxygen and glucose. These results are of great importance because they provide proof-of-concept for robust immobilization of enzymes on surface-modified fibrous polyester fabric for potential bio-industrial applications.

Effect of fabric modification and clay loading on mechanical properties of reinforced composites

Ethylene terephthalate fabric has been used to strengthen the unsaturated polyester resin. The macroscopic, microscopic and spectroscopic studies of the surface modified polyester fabric, bentonite and unsaturated polyester are comparatively investigated by tensile and flexural testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Strong fabric and matrix adhesion is governed by surface modification of polyester fabric with alkali treatment. Compared with neat polyester resin, the tensile strength of chemically modified polyester fabric filled unsaturated polyester composites is 47% increase at 3 wt.% of clay and the flexural strength is increased up to 72%. In order to know the delamination tendency, composites broken in mechanical testing are analyzed by SEM. It indicates that delamination tendency, fiber pullout, fiber de-bonding and fiber bridging are reduced in the composites with modified fabric. XRD patterns show that lattice of 3D knitted fabric and MMT composite is body centered cubic

Using low temperature plasma for surface modification of polyester fabric: dyeing and printing improvement

Using plasma as a green and fast method for surface modification of textiles was considered by many researchers. In this study, polyester fabric was treated with cold plasma for different times between 1 and 5 min. Untreated and treated fabrics were bleached and dyed with jet and thermosol method and was printed with inkjet and silk screen method. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy and X-Rite reflection spectrophotometer were used to analyze the results. The results show that despite the fact that the plasma treatment of polyester fabric results in a reduction in the whiteness of the fabric, it has a higher whiteness after the bleaching of the plasma treated fabric compared with the untreated fabric. The results also show that, plasma treatment causes increasing the color absorption in continuous and non-permanent dyeing methods. Also, it should be mentioned that, the increase of color absorption in the continuous method is appreciably higher than the non-continuous method. Moreover, plasma treatment increases the absorption of color in polyester printing. By increasing the time of plasma treatment, the color absorption increased. Under the same conditions of printing, the penetration and diffusion of the color in the plasma treated fabric is lower than the untreated one.

The role and importance of surface modification of polyester fabrics by chitosan and hexadecylpyridinium chloride for the electrical and electro-thermal performance of graphene-modified smart textiles

Surface charge modification of textiles resulting a graphene-modified smart textile with a low sheet resistivity of 0.6 kΩ □−1 for electro-thermal heater applications.

Plasma-assisted surface modification of polyester fabric for developing halochromic properties

In the field of textiles, introducing pH-sensitive dyes onto fibrous materials is a promising approach for the development of flexible sensor. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textile surface with halochromic properties was fabricated by plasma-assisted sol-gel coating, followed by immobilization of two different azo pH-indicator dyes; namely Brilliant yellow and Congo red by conventional printing technique of fabrics. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a coupling agent for attaching the pH-sensitive dyes through its terminal amines. The surface immobilization of APTES on PET fabric was conducted by the pad-dry-cure method. Moreover, the influence of oxygen plasma pre-treatment and the method of post-treatment either by oxygen plasma or by thermal treatment on the stability of sol-gel based matrix was investigated. The morphology and chemistry of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coated PET surfaces were examined by using surface sensitive methods including electrokinetic and time-dependent contact angle measurements as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, fastness tests of the printed fabrics and color strength were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the fabric surface modification. Results indicate that sol-gel matrix exhibited a more stability by thermal post-treatment at 150 C for 5 min. Also, the results revealed that the printed fabrics with halochromic properties demonstrated sufficient stability against leaching by washing. The current work opens up a novel opportunity to develop flexible sensors based on fibrous materials, which have the potential to be employed in variable industrial applications.

Surface modification of polyester fabrics by atmospheric-pressure air/He plasma for color strength and adhesion enhancement

Surface properties of water-based pigmented inks for ink-jet printed polyester fabrics were modified with atmospheric-pressure air/He plasma to improve the color strength and pigment adhesion of the treated surfaces. The influence of various parameters, including the surface morphology, chemical compositions, surface energy and dynamic contact angles of the control and plasma treated samples was studied. Color strength and edge definition were used to evaluate the ink-jet printing performance of fabrics. The change in pigment adhesion to polyester fibers was analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). AFM (Atomic force microscope) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses indicated the increase in surface roughness and the oxygen-containing polar groups(CO, COH and COOH) reinforced the fixation of pigments on the fiber surface. The result from this study suggested that the improved pigment color yield was clearly affected by alteration of pigment adhesion enhanced by plasma surface modification. Polyester fabrics exhibited better surface property and ink-jet printing performance after the air/He mixture plasma treatment comparing with those after air plasma treatment.

Simultaneous synthesis of nano ZnO and surface modification of polyester fabric

In this study, synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out along with the hydrolysis of polyester fabric using sodium hydroxide to increase the surface activity and enhance the nanoparticles adsorption. The polyester fabrics were treated with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide at different bath conditions, ultrasound and stirrer, resulting in formation of ZnO nanospheres and ZnO nanorods. The presence of zinc oxide with different shapes on the surface of the polyester fabrics was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Also, the X-ray diffraction patterns established the composition of wurtzite structure of zinc oxide. The self-cleaning property of treated polyester fabrics was evaluated through discoloring dye stain under sunlight irradiation. The antibacterial activities of the samples against two common pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also assessed. The results indicated that the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of the ultrasound treated polyester fabrics were superior compared to the stirrer treated samples.

PET-Cell Fibers: Synthetic with Natural Effects, Surface Modification of PET Fibers with Luffa Nanowhiskers

Nowadays, an increasing demand emerges for biodegradable materials and products made from renewable resources. The cellulose in the form of cellulosic fibers or nano fibers can play a crucially important role in the enhancement of the performance of an absorbent product and provide water holding capacity. In the present study, a new hydrogel was synthesized based on luffa nanowhiskers prepared by luffa cylindrica fibers as a natural source of cellulose in order to surface modification of polyester fabric. Cellulose nanowhiskers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirm the integrity of cellulose nanocrystals after chemical modification and their rod-like morphology with nanometric dimensions. In order to surface modification of knitted polyester fabric, different amounts of nano-hydrogel were deposited on the alkali-modified and unmodified polyester fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy and FTIR results confirm the presence of cellulose based hydrogel on the fabrics. Water retention capacity (WRC), water uptake ability and self-cleaning properties of treated fabrics were evaluated and the results show that the improvement of WRC and relative self-cleaning property of samples. In order to obtain an antibacterial fabric, the neem extract as a natural antibacterial agent was loaded into nano-hydrogel. The results of loading and release behavior of neem extract, represent the controlled drug-delivery properties of the treated fabrics and significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Modification of polyester fibrous materials with surface barrier discharge for making them more hydrophilic

The possibility of using surface barrier discharge for the surface modification of polyester fabrics with the aim of making them more hydrophilic was studied. The action of surface-barrier discharge leads to the formation of hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups on the surface of polyester fabrics owing to weak degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) macromolecules, and the thread surface becomes rougher on the nanolevel. This leads to a considerable decrease in the contact angle and to an increase in the wettability of the polyester fabric, i.e., the fabric becomes considerably more hydrophilic. Modification of the polyether fabric with surface barrier discharge does not cause appreciable decrease in the strength and breaking elongation of the material.

Surface modification of polyester fabric with plasma pretreatment and carbon nanotube coating for antistatic property improvement

This study introduced a green method to prepare antistatic polyester (PET) fabrics by plasma pretreatment and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) coating. The influences of plasma conditions and SWCNT coating parameters on antistatic property of PET fabrics were investigated. PET fabrics were pretreated under various plasma conditions such as different treatment times, output powers and working gases, and then SWCNT coating on the plasma treated PET fabrics was carried out by coating-dry-cure using various coating parameters including different SWCNT concentrations, curing times and curing temperatures. PET fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and volume resistivity. SEM and XPS analysis of the plasma treated PET fabrics revealed the increase in surface roughness and oxygen/nitrogen containing groups on the PET fiber surface. SEM and XPS analysis of the plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabrics indicated the SWCNT coating on PET fiber surface. The plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabrics exhibited a good antistatic property, which increased and then decreased with the increasing plasma treatment time and output power. The antistatic property of the O2 plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabric was better and worse than that of N2 or Ar plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabric in the shorter treatment time and the longer treatment time, respectively. In addition, the antistatic property of the plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabrics also increased with the increasing SWCNT concentration, curing time and curing temperature in the range studied. Plasma conditions and SWCNT coating parameters had signally influence on the antistatic property of plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabrics. Therefore, adequate parameters should be carefully selected for the optimum antistatic property of the plasma treated and SWCNT coated PET fabrics.

Preparation and Surface Property of Fluoroalkyl End-Capped Vinyltrimethoxysilane Oligomer/Talc Composite-Encapsulated Organic Compounds: Application for the Separation of Oil and Water

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer [R(F)-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)n-R(F); n = 2, 3; R(F) = CF(CF3)OC3F7 (R(F)-VM oligomer)] can undergo the sol-gel reaction in the presence of talc particles under alkaline conditions at room temperature to provide the corresponding fluorinated oligomeric silica/talc nanocomposites (RF-VM-SiO2/Talc). A variety of guest molecules such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF, 3-(hydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THSP), and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (R(F)-COOH) are effectively encapsulated into the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composite cores to afford the corresponding fluorinated nanocomposites-encapsulated these guest molecules. The R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composites encapsulated low molecular weight aromatic compounds such as HMB and BPA can exhibit a superoleophilic-superhydrophobic characteristic on the surfaces; however, the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composite-encapsulated THSP and R(F)-COOH exhibit a superoleophobic-superhydrophilic characteristic on the modified surfaces. In these nanocomposites, the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc/THSP composites are applicable to the surface modification of polyester fabric, and the modified polyester fabric possessing a superoleophobic-superhydrophilic characteristic on the surface can be used for the membrane for oil (dodecane)/water separation. In addition, the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composites-encapsulated micrometer-size controlled cross-linked polystyrene particles can be also prepared under similar conditions, and the obtained composite white-colored particle powders are applied to the packing material for the column chromatography to separate water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion.