Abstract
Robust immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was achieved on poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric (PN) after integration of favourable surface functional groups through plasma treatments [atmospheric pressure-AP or cold remote plasma-CRP (N2 + O2)] and/or chemical grafting of hyperbranched dendrimers [poly-(ethylene glycol)-OH or poly-(amidoamine)]. Absorption, stability, catalytic behavior of immobilized enzymes and reusability of resultant fibrous bio-catalysts were comparatively studied. Full characterization of PN before and after respective modifications was carried out by various analytical, instrumental and arithmetic techniques. Results showed that modified polyester having amine terminal functional groups pledged better surface property providing up to 31% enzyme loading, and 81% active immobilized enzymes. The activity of the enzyme was measured in terms of interaction aptitude of GOx in a given time to produce hydrogen peroxide using colorimetric assay. The immobilized GOx retained 50% of its original activity after being reused six (06) times and exhibited improved stability compared with the free enzyme in relation to temperature. The reaction kinetics, loading efficiency, leaching, and reusability analysis of enzyme allowed drawing a parallel to the type of organic moiety integrated during GOx immobilization. In addition, resultant fibrous bio-catalysts showed substantial antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) in the presence of oxygen and glucose. These results are of great importance because they provide proof-of-concept for robust immobilization of enzymes on surface-modified fibrous polyester fabric for potential bio-industrial applications.
Highlights
Robust immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was achieved on poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric (PN) after integration of favourable surface functional groups through plasma treatments [atmospheric pressure-Atmospheric pressure (AP) or cold remote plasma-Cold remote plasma (CRP) (N2 + O2)] and/or chemical grafting of hyperbranched dendrimers [poly-(ethylene glycol)-OH or poly-(amidoamine)]
Air atmospheric plasma; and cold remote plasma with N2 + O2 has been used to activate the hydrophobic surface of polyester fabric and/or grafting of hyperbranched dendrimers with different terminal functional groups followed by immobilization of GOx
Wettability of the sample fabrics were analyzed through two methods; (a) sessile droplet method as described in Takke V. et al.[33] was used to measure the water contact angle of more than 90° and (b) a wicking test based on capillary uptake of the specimen was concurrently chosen for by a tensiometer provided by GBX instrument (France)
Summary
Robust immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was achieved on poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric (PN) after integration of favourable surface functional groups through plasma treatments [atmospheric pressure-AP or cold remote plasma-CRP (N2 + O2)] and/or chemical grafting of hyperbranched dendrimers [poly-(ethylene glycol)-OH or poly-(amidoamine)]. Resultant fibrous biocatalysts showed substantial antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) in the presence of oxygen and glucose These results are of great importance because they provide proof-of-concept for robust immobilization of enzymes on surfacemodified fibrous polyester fabric for potential bio-industrial applications. This study report here for the first time, the influence of favorable functional groups introduced by surface modification of polyester using plasma surface treatment and hyperbranched dendrimers to achieve robust immobilization of enzyme. Air atmospheric plasma; and cold remote plasma with N2 + O2 has been used to activate the hydrophobic surface of polyester fabric and/or grafting of hyperbranched dendrimers with different terminal functional groups followed by immobilization of GOx. The effect of plasma treatment on PN lary uptake) and x-ray photoel has been studied in terms of ectron spectroscopy (XPS)
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