Plasma-assisted surface modification of polyester fabric for developing halochromic properties

Abstract

In the field of textiles, introducing pH-sensitive dyes onto fibrous materials is a promising approach for the development of flexible sensor. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textile surface with halochromic properties was fabricated by plasma-assisted sol-gel coating, followed by immobilization of two different azo pH-indicator dyes; namely Brilliant yellow and Congo red by conventional printing technique of fabrics. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a coupling agent for attaching the pH-sensitive dyes through its terminal amines. The surface immobilization of APTES on PET fabric was conducted by the pad-dry-cure method. Moreover, the influence of oxygen plasma pre-treatment and the method of post-treatment either by oxygen plasma or by thermal treatment on the stability of sol-gel based matrix was investigated. The morphology and chemistry of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coated PET surfaces were examined by using surface sensitive methods including electrokinetic and time-dependent contact angle measurements as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, fastness tests of the printed fabrics and color strength were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the fabric surface modification. Results indicate that sol-gel matrix exhibited a more stability by thermal post-treatment at 150 C for 5 min. Also, the results revealed that the printed fabrics with halochromic properties demonstrated sufficient stability against leaching by washing. The current work opens up a novel opportunity to develop flexible sensors based on fibrous materials, which have the potential to be employed in variable industrial applications.