Surface Modification Of Fibers Research Articles

Surface Modification of Oxygenator Fibers with a Catalytically Active Metal-Organic Framework to Generate Nitric Oxide: An Ex Vivo Pilot Study.

Coating all portions of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit with materials exhibiting inherent, permanent antithrombotic properties is an essential step to prevent thrombus-induced complications. However, developing antithrombotic coatings for oxygenator fibers within membrane oxygenators of ECMO systems has proven challenging. We have used polydopamine (PDA) to coat oxygenator fibers and immobilize a Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF) on the surface to act as a nitric oxide (NO) catalyst. Importantly, the PDA/MOF coating will produce NO indefinitely from endogenous S-nitrosothiols and it has not previously been applied to ECMO oxygenator fibers.

Sustainable surface modification of sorghum residue-based fiber reinforced polymer composites: Properties and adhesion mechanism

Sorghum stalks and other agricultural residues in excess of farmers animal feed requirements are often burnt, contributing to environmental pollution. On the other hand, such residues could serve as useful sources of fibre with different applications. The aim of this study was to investigate agricultural residue-based fibres (ARFs), using sorghum stalks as a model, for use as reinforcements in recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) for the manufacture of agricultural residue-based fibre reinforced polymer composites (ARFRPCs). Thermo-alkali and thermo-laccase fibre modification treatments were employed to improve the properties of the ARFRPCs. The thermal conductivity values of the ARFRPCs at 0.23 – 0.3 W/m‧k are higher than some commercially available insulators. Moreover, thermo-alkali reinforced ARFRPCs exhibited a tensile strength of 28.57 Mpa and improved microstructure/interfacial adhesion relative to intreated and thermo-laccase treated samples. The conclusion is that thermo-alkali reinforced ARFRPCs, which was treated for 10 days, be used for non-structural applications in buildings.

Comprehensive investigation of Areca catechu tree peduncle biofiber reinforced biocomposites: influence of fiber loading and surface modification

Comprehensive investigation of Areca catechu tree peduncle biofiber reinforced biocomposites: influence of fiber loading and surface modification

Synthesis and fabrication of acrylic acid treated rattan fiber epoxy composite

Abstract The present work encompasses synthesis and fabrication of short rattan fiber (1–3 mm) reinforced epoxy composite with enhanced mechanical properties. Acrylic acid has been considered as surfactant for surface modification of rattan fiber to enhance adhesion with thermosetting polymer such as epoxy. Calculation of various mechanical properties has been performed and analysed with different weight percentage of fiber matrix composition. Micrographs were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The acrylic acid treated composite shows better tensile, flexural and impact strength at 45.5 MPa, 121.89 MPa and 39.45 J m−1, respectively. Regression analysis reveals that the composite with 18% fiber content (optimum weight percentage) exhibits better mechanical properties. The results suggest that rattan fibers provide a natural and sustainable choice for reinforcing composites in a wide range of technical applications where synthetic fibres are currently utilized.

Effect of surface modification of sisal fibers with polyphenols on the mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion and durability in cement-based matrices

Effect of surface modification of sisal fibers with polyphenols on the mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion and durability in cement-based matrices

Effects of fiber surface modification on mechanical properties of short pineapple leaf fiber-carbon black reinforced natural rubber hybrid composites

At present, the world is focusing on the circular economy by turning waste into production resources again, reducing waste generation, and making it circulate in the system. This research focuses on using agricultural waste, which is pineapple leaves abundant in Thailand, to be processed into pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) and used to reinforce natural rubber. PALF has relatively high strength when compared to other natural fibers. On the other hand, the challenge of using PALF to reinforce natural rubber is the difference in the polarity of the fibers and rubber matrix. Thus, surface modification of PALF was studied to enhance the adhesion between the fiber surface and the matrix. Four systems were compared, i.e., untreated PALF, alkaline-treated, silane69-treated, and aminosilane-treated PALF. A unidirectional fiber-reinforced natural rubber composites were prepared with fixed fiber and carbon black contents of 10 and 30 phr, respectively. Mechanical properties of the composites were determined by tensile test and morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that silane69-treated and aminosilane-treated PALF could reinforce the rubber matrix over the entire strain. However, silane69-treated and aminosilane-treated PALF had lesser reinforcement effect than alkaline-treated PALF at low strains. Despite a clear change in mechanical behavior, SEM could not tell the difference or changes that occur at the interface. Fiber surface modifications with silane69 and aminosilane have the potential to be further developed to improve properties of natural rubber composites and will, hopefully, increase the value of rubber products for Thailand industry.

Effect of nanoparticles in natural fiber reinforced polymer composites

Fiber surface modifications by chemical treatment and matrix modification with nanofillers are two key techniques used in recent times to improve the natural fiber reinforced polymer composite strength. The impact of titanium dioxide (TiO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of 6% sodium hydroxide alkali treated kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been experimentally examined and reported in this research article. All the composite samples were fabricated using vacuum bagging technique, with 35% Fiber weight ratio. The nanofillers were added in 3% weight proportion of total composite weight using ultrasonication method. According to ASTM standards, the prepared samples were evaluated for tensile, flexural, and impact strength. The experimental results showed that, 6% NaOH treatment on kenaf fibers showed 11.2%, 24.9%, 8.4%, and 28.7% improvement on tensile strength, modulus, flexural and impact strength respectively. The addition of different nano particles in the matrix phase performed well on effective stress transfer between fiber layers through matrix layers, hence improvement on mechanical properties were noted.

Development of Graphene /PBO Nanocomposite

The study of graphene/poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) nanocomposites in recent years is introduced, while the research interests and application fields of graphene/PBO nanocomposites in the future are prospected in this review. In the process of polymer formation, two modification methods, in-situ polymerization modification and blending modification are mainly used to improve the dispersion uniformity of graphene in the PBO matrix. The polymer can be divided into the surface modification of PBO fiber and the modification of PBO nanofiber according to the existing state of PBO, and the effects of two modification methods on mechanics, thermal characteristics, surface morphology and aging resistance of graphene/PBO nanocomposites are compared.

Enhancing Natural Rubber Tearing Strength by Mixing Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Short Fibers.

Rubber products generally need to have high resistance to abrasion, tear, and cutting. Filling short fiber with strong mechanical properties and forming a net in the rubber matrix is a good method to realize the above aims. In this article, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) short fibers with a diameter of 20 μm and a length of 2 cm were filled into natural rubber (NR) to improve the tear strength of the NR. The influence of the short fiber mass fraction and vulcanization conditions on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the milling process and vulcanization conditions are key factors in enhancing tear resistance performance. Double-roll milling and vulcanization at 143 °C for 40 min result in strong interfacial adhesion between the UHMWPE short fibers and the NR. The addition of 2 phr of UHMWPE fiber increases the tear strength of the composite material by up to 150.2% (from 17.1 kN/m to 42.8 kN/m) while also providing excellent comprehensive performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging confirmed that the UHMWPE short fibers are dispersed in the NR matrix homogeneously, and the interface is close and compact. As a control experiment, UHMWPE resin powder was directly filled into the NR, and then the composite was vulcanized using the same process as that used for the NR/UHMWPE short fiber composite. The results show that the mechanical strength of the NR/resin powder composite exhibits minor improvement compared with NR. As there is no complicated surface modification of the UHMWPE fiber, the results reported may be helpful in improving the tear resistance of the industrially prepared rubber conveyor belts.

Carbon fiber surface modification by ion implantation for interfacial performances improvements of epoxy composites

Carbon fiber surface modification by ion implantation for interfacial performances improvements of epoxy composites

Recent Progress in Modifications, Properties, and Practical Applications of Glass Fiber

As a new member of the silica-derivative family, modified glass fiber (MGF) has attracted extensive attention because of its excellent properties and potential applications. Surface modification of glass fiber (GF) greatly changes its performance, resulting in a series of changes to its surface structure, wettability, electrical properties, mechanical properties, and stability. This article summarizes the latest research progress in MGF, including the different modification methods, the various properties, and their advanced applications in different fields. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions were provided for future investigations of MGF.

Modification of UHPC Matrix and Fiber Surface for Improving the Mechanical Performance of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

In this study, filler and silica fume were substituted by Liquid crystal display glass powder (LCDGP) and nanosilica, respectively, to improve the performance of ultra-high- performance fiber-reinforced concrete. In addition, the surface of steel fiber was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution to improve the interfacial friction between the fiber and Ultra-high-performanceconcrete (UHPC) matrix. Both LCDGP and nanosilica reacted with calcium hydroxide to form hydrates, and the fiber surface roughness increased owing to the EDTA treatment. When LCDGP was used, the compressive strength decreased owing to a decrease in packing density; however, the compressive and tensile strengths of Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) were improved on using nanosilica. It was observed that the surface modification of the fiber increased the friction force between the UHPC and fiber interface; therefore, it was more effective in improving the tensile strength than the compressive strength.

Highly Strong Interface Adhesion of Polyester Fiber Rubber Composite via Fiber Surface Modification by Meta-Cresol/Formaldehyde Latex Dipping Emulsion

As a skeleton material, polyester (PET) fiber can significantly improve the strength and durability of rubber composites, but the interfacial adhesion between polyester fiber and rubber is poor due to the chemical inertia of PET fiber surface. Resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) impregnating solution is usually used to treat PET fibers, but RFL contains toxic components such as resorcinol, which is harmful to the human body. A simple and less toxic resin-impregnating system cresol-formaldehyde-latex (CFL) was obtained by alternating resorcinol with low-toxicity cresol and m-cresol formaldehyde resin was synthesized from m-cresol and formaldehyde. CFL (m-cresol formaldehyde resin latex) systems with different C/F mole ratios and CF resin/latex ratios were adopted to modify the surface of PET fibers. The strip peeling adhesive and the H pull-out test results indicated that the PET fiber/rubber adhesion strength increased with the increase in the formaldehyde dosage and the CF resin content, and the peeling force value and the H-pull-out force of treated PET/rubber composites reached 7.3 N/piece and 56.8 N, respectively. The optimal choice of CFL adhesive system was obtained, when the C/F mole ratio was 1/2 and the CF resin/latex weight ratio was 0.23. This environment-friendly CFL dipping emulsion can be used as a new surface modification strategy as it can remarkably enhance the interfacial adhesion of PET/rubber composites.

Plant-Derived Polyphenol and LL-37 Peptide-Modified Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Promotion of Antibacterial Activity, Anti-Inflammation, and Type-H Vascularized Bone Regeneration

The regeneration of oral tissues is a challenging clinical problem because of the complex microbial and biological stress environments. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds have attracted significant interest as effective barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR); however, no mature strategy yet exists for the surface modification of fibers to provide versatility to satisfy clinical requirements. This study demonstrated a practical biosafety strategy: the combined use of plant polyphenols and LL-37 peptides to modify the fiber surface to endow the fibrous scaffold with antimicrobial activity, immunoregulation, and vascularized bone regeneration. We confirmed that the LL-37 peptides interacted with tannic acid (TA) through noncovalent bonds through experiments and molecular docking simulation analysis. In vitro experiments showed that the TA coating imparted strong antibacterial properties to the fibrous scaffold, but it also caused cytotoxicity. The grafting of LL-37 peptide promoted the spreading, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and was also conducive to the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells. In vivo experiments further verified that the LL-37 peptide-grafted fibrous scaffold significantly enhanced angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and type-H vascularized bone regeneration. Overall, the fibrous scaffold modified by the LL-37 peptide through TA grafting has significant potential for GBR applications.

Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification

AbstractIt is well known that fiber‐matrix interface region is crucial to ensure an efficient stress transfer between matrix and reinforcement and that it controls the composite behavior when subjected to external loads. In this experimental study, micro‐damage mechanisms of HDPE/surface modified henequen fiber reinforced composites are investigated in tensile quasi‐static mode. Two essential parameters of the materials composition were taken as main indicators: fiber length and quality of the fiber matrix adhesion. Essential Work of Fracture theory (EWF) was applied on double edge notch tensile (DENT) specimen geometry. Acoustic Emission (AE) technique was coupled to composite samples to obtain the characteristics of stress waves signals to monitor in real time damage evolution and failure mechanisms detection. Results demonstrated the substantial effect of chemical bonds interaction in the interface area on the composite mechanical properties. The total fracture work (Wf) exhibited an increasing value in both components, We and Wp, in chemically treated fiber composites. Likewise, mechanical properties are reported to be higher by 37% in maximum load in such materials. Elastic waves detected by AE were identified and correlated to micromechanical events during composite damage sequence. Most of the signals corresponded to microcracks (signals of low amplitude, short duration), propagation of microcracks (signals of medium amplitude), fracture of fibers and matrix (signals of long duration and high amplitude). AE signals detected exhibiting higher energy were associated to an enhanced fiber/matrix interface.

Extraction and surface modification of cellulose fibers and its reinforcement in starch-based film for packaging composites

BackgroundCellulose extraction from gloss art paper (GAP) waste is a recycling strategy for the abundance of gloss art paper waste. Here, a study was conducted on the impact of ultrasonic homogenization for cellulose extraction from GAP waste to improve the particle size, crystallinity, and thermal stability.ResultsAt treatment temperature of 75.8 °C, ultrasonic power level of 70.3% and 1.4 h duration, cellulose with properties of 516.4 nm particle size, 71.5% crystallinity, and thermal stability of 355.2 °C were extracted. Surface modification of cellulose GAP waste with H3PO4 hydrolysis and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation was done followed by starch reinforcement. Surface hydrophobicity and mechanical strength were increased for H3PO4 hydrolysis and TEMPO oxidation starch–cellulose. No reduction of thermal properties observed during the treatment, while increment of crystallinity index up to 47.65–59.6% was shown. Neat starch film was more transparent, followed by starch–TEMPO film and starch–H3PO4 film, due to better homogeneity.ConclusionsThe cellulose GAP reinforced starch film shows potential in developing packaging materials and simultaneously provide an alternative solution of GAP waste recycling.Graphical

Preparation of a copper porphyrin derivative and its surface modification for simultaneously endowing PET fibers with dyeing, flame retardant and anti-dripping performance

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are the most numerous synthetic fibers in the world, but their flammability and high-temperature melt dripping limit their further applications. To address these issues, a copper porphyrin derivative, i.e., copper 2‑methoxy-4-(10,15,20-tris(4-((diphenylphosphoryl)oxy)-3-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin-5-yl) phenyl diphenylphosphinate (MTPD-Cu) was firstly synthesized from biomass vanillin in this paper. Then, MTPD-Cu was used for the surface modification of PET fibers via the dyeing process to prepare multifunctional PET fibers (FR-PET) with dyeing, flame retardant and anti-dripping properties. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, anti-dripping and color fastness of FR-PET were evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), burning test, micro combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and water washing color fastness test. The results revealed that the LOI value increased from 21% for pure PET fibers to 29.8% for FR-PET fibers. Meanwhile, compared to pure PET fibers, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of FR-PET decreased by 79.8% and 57.8%, respectively. The residual char of FR-PET was significantly improved whether in nitrogen or in air atmosphere at 800 °C, showing good char forming ability. In addition, FR-PET exhibited no melt dripping phenomenon and was pink with excellent color fastness to washing. Furthermore, the possible flame retardant and anti-dripping mechanisms were also proposed. This work provides a simple and easy modification method to simultaneously endow PET fibers with dyeing, flame retardancy and antibacterial properties, which is easy to be prepared on a large scale.

Investigation on performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) based on surface modification of PET fibers using graphene oxide (GO) and polydopamine (PDA)

In order to reduce costs and use local materials to promote the application of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), this paper investigated the performance of ECC reinforced by surface-modified PET fibers. Single fiber pullout, uniaxial tensile test, SEM and XPS were carried out to study the effects of the modification. The modification by coating the PET fibers with graphene oxide (GO) using polydopamine (PDA) as the medium resulted in a significant improvement in the surface roughness of PET fibers. The frictional bond strength between the fibers and cement matrix was increased by 78.8 % due to the bonding of GO with cement hydration products and the secondary functionalization of GO induced by PDA. For the ECCs prepared using 0.5 vol% PVA fibers and 1.5 vol% modified PET fibers, the tensile strength increased from 3.12 MPa to 3.81 MPa (22.1 %), and the tensile strain increased from 1.69 % to 2.85 % (68.7 %) compared to the untreated group. Moreover, with the increase of GO concentration in the secondary functionalization, both the bond strength of the fiber–matrix interface and tensile properties of ECCs were improved.

Grafting of poly(stearyl acrylate) on cellulose fibers as 3D-printable HDPE composites

This paper aimed to produce a bio-based filament, suitable for 3D printing (fused deposition modeling), made of surface modified cellulose fiber and high density polyethylene. The cellulose fibers (CF) were first surface modified and transformed into a CF-based macroinitiator through an esterification reaction with the 2-bromoisobutyric acid. We finally studied the ability of this CF-based macroinitiator to initiate a single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) with an hydrophobic monomer: the stearyl acrylate. The grafting of poly(stearly acrylate) onto the cellulose fibers did strongly increased the adhesion, compatibility of the modified fibers with the hydrophobic host matrix (HDPE). Finally, the resulting hydrophobic fibers were extruded with the high density polyethylene (HDPE) through a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, yielding a bio-based filament suitable for FDM 3d printing. The successful surface modification, such as the correct incorporation of the modified fibers into the thermoplastic matrix, were characterized through ATR-FTIR, 13C CP-MAS NMR, FE-SEM, and mechanical testing. Throughout those characterization techniques, it was concluded that the fiber surface modification significantly improved the compatibility of the fibers with HDPE. Finally, the 3D printing properties of the composite were tested and compared to those of pure HDPE through the 3d printing of simple objects. It was concluded that the printability of the composite made with poly(stearyl acrylate)-grafted cellulose overcomes the problem (shrinkage, warpage, print fidelity) encountered with the printing of pure HDPE.Graphical abstract

Surface modification of bamboo fiber with dopamine associated by laccase for poly(3-hydroxylbutyrate) biocomposites

For the purposes of obtaining poly(3-hydroxylbutyrate) (PHB) matrix composites with high performance, a novel eco-friendly surface modification pathway for bamboo fiber (BF) was demonstrated. Dopamine was first polymerized to poly(dopamine) (PDA) by laccase and then was deposited on the surface of BFs, which would improve interfacial adhesion between PHB and BFs. The replacement of chemical reagents by laccase to catalyze polymerization of dopamine could avoid the environmental damage and the degradation of natural fiber structure under alkaline conditions. The results showed that, when using laccase, the PDA layer was successfully coated on the surface of BFs in an acidic environment without destroying the structure of BFs, while self-polymerization hardly happened in the presence of dopamine alone, according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. When the dosage of dopamine was 1.0 wt% of BFs (1-D-L), the PHB/1-D-L had a higher flexural strength 32.56 MPa and impact strength 16.46 J m−1, meanwhile, the composites had a lower crystallinity index (Xc) 17.08% when the dopamine was added 1.5 wt%. However, the mechanical properties and water resistance of PHB matrix composites could be decreased possibly due to steric hindrance when there was an excess of dopamine during surface modification.