Surface Conductivity Properties Research Articles

Development and characterization of orodispersible films containing amlodipine besylate and rosuvastatin calcium based on electrospun fibers

Amlodipine besylate (AML) and rosuvastatin calcium (ROS) are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coroner artery disease. Orodispersible films (ODFs) have received considerable attention in pharmaceutical development studies as they significantly improve patient compliance. The aim of this study was to develop an ODF formulation containing AML and ROS simultaneously as an electrospun fiber fixed dose preparation. Polymer solutions were evaluated for surface tension, viscosity, and conductivity properties. Preformulation studies were conducted to optimize the electrospinning process. Two different formulations, designated ODF-1 and ODF-2 were the focus of this study. Fiber characterization studies, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mechanical properties were performed to assess these two formulations. Furthermore, ODF characterizations, such as disintegration and wetting time, homogeneity of contents, and in vitro dissolution studies were carried out. All formulations exhibited suitable mechanical properties, facilitating easy storage and handling. ODF characterizations revealed rapid disintegration and wetting times for all formulations with over 90 % dissolution in 5 min for both AML and ROS. The overall evaluation of all experiments suggests that ODF-1 may more desirable mechanical properties and a more stable dissolution profile compared to ODF-2. Furthermore, individual ODFs loaded with AML or ROS (AML-ODF-1 and ROS-ODF-1) were prepared by ODF-1 preparation method and then characterized to compare the results with fixed dose ODF results. In conclusion, a promising formulation strategy has been developed to obtain an electrospun fiber ODF formulation containing AML and ROS that is reproducible and suitable for industrial production.

Elevating superpacitor performance: Enhancing electrochemical efficiency with transition metal-doped polyaniline electrode

Polyaniline (PANI) stands out as a highly favored electrically conductive polymer, extensively investigated for its potential as an electrode material in the advancement of energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the practical utilization of PANI is hindered by its inadequate stability, posing limitations on its wider application. To address this issue, doping with carbon and carbon-based materials or transition metals is frequently employed. In this study, transition metals Ag+ and Fe3+ were doped into the of polyaniline PANI structure to enhance its surface area, conductivity, and electrochemical properties. The doping of Ag+ and Fe3+ into the PANI structure resulted in a significant increase of up to three times in the surface area and conductivity of PANI. Electro-Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra analysis showed a substantial change in the intensity value with Ag+ doping, while no significant alteration was observed in the g-factor values. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that both Ag+ and Fe3+ doping improved the specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of PANI in both symmetric and asymmetric designs. Furthermore, the utilization of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy complemented the comprehensive electrochemical analysis by offering valuable insights into the defect structures present in the electrode materials.

Contact Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Electro-Polymerized Polypyrrole and a Regulated Conductive Pathway.

The performance of contact resistive pressure sensors heavily relies on the intrinsic characteristics of the active layers, including the mechanical surface structure, conductivity, and elastic properties. However, efficiently and simply regulating the conductivity, morphology, and modulus of the active layers has remained a challenge. In this study, we introduced electro-polymerized polypyrrole (ePPy) to design flexible contact piezoresistive sensors with tailored intrinsic properties. The customizable intrinsic property of ePPy was comprehensively illustrated on the chemical and electronic structure scale, and the impact of ePPy's intrinsic properties on the sensing performance of the device was investigated by determining the correlation between resistivity, roughness, and device sensitivity. Due to the synergistic effects of roughness, conductivity, and elastic properties of the active layers, the flexible ePPy-based pressure sensor exhibited high sensitivity (3.19 kPa-1, 1-10 kPa, R2 = 0.97), fast response time, good durability, and low power consumption. These advantages allowed the sensor to offer an immediate response to human motion such as finger-bending and grasping movements, demonstrating the promising potential of tailorable ePPy-based contact piezoresistive sensors for wearable electronic applications.

Effects of the Ratio of Nano-Cu to Hydroxylated MWCNTs on Anticorrosion and Surface Conductivity of Cu/MWCNT Epoxy Coatings on a Steel Substrate

Epoxy coatings provide an economical and practical solution for combating steel corrosion. However, epoxy coatings have poor conductivity, resulting in the accumulation of electrostatic charges. The surface conductivity and anticorrosion properties of epoxy coatings can be improved by adding nano-Cu and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This paper investigates the impact of MWCNTs at different concentrations (2.5, 5%) and the ratio of nano-Cu to MWCNTs on the surface conductivity and anticorrosion properties of epoxy coatings on a steel substrate. The findings from the four-probe method of measuring surface resistance indicated that the surface resistivity of steel coated with an epoxy composite of 5% MWCNTs and 65% nano-Cu (Cu65/MWCNT5) was significantly lower, approximately by one order of magnitude, compared to steel coated with a 5% MWCNT (MWCNT5) epoxy coating. When the Cu65/MWCNT5-coated steel was immersed in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution for 30 days, it was observed that there was a minimal effect on its surface resistivity. The inclusion of a high content of MWCNTs facilitates a more uniform distribution of Cu particles within the epoxy coatings, thereby improving the anticorrosion properties of these coatings on a steel substrate. This was further corroborated by the results of the polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, demonstrating that the Cu65/MWCNT5 epoxy coating on a steel substrate offers exceptional anticorrosion and barrier protection properties. The corrosion rate of steel with a Cu65/MWCNT5 epoxy coating was three orders of magnitude lower than that of steel with a Cu65/MWCNT2.5 epoxy coating, at 4.79 × 10−7 mm/year.

Thermally reduced sugarcane bagasse carbon quantum dots and in-plane flax fiber unsaturated polyester composites: surface conductivity and mechanical properties

Thermally reduced sugarcane bagasse carbon quantum dots and in-plane flax fiber unsaturated polyester composites: surface conductivity and mechanical properties

Vajinal İlaç Taşıyıcı Sistem Olarak Polivinil Alkol Nanoliflerinin Mekanik ve Mukoadezif Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Electrospinning is a versatile and inexpensive technique to produce nanofibers. Nanofibers can be a good alternative to classical dosage forms in vaginal applications due to high surface area/volume ratio, high encapsulation efficenciacy and mucoadhesive properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biocompatible, easily degradable and flexible polymer with mucoadhesive properties used in industrial, commercial and medical applications. The scope of this study is to characterize electropsun nanofibers produced with different PVA types for vaginal use. PVA nanofibers were produced using the electrospinning method. Nanofiber formulations were prepared by dissolving PVA in dimethylformamide (DMF):distilled water (1:1) solvent system. Nanofibers were produced with three different types (PVA M 13/140, PVA G 26/140 and PVA G 40/140) PVA at 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations. The surface tension, viscosity and conductivity properties of the polymer mixtures were measured for electrospinning process and these parametres were found suitable for nanofiber production. While the viscosity increased with increasing polymer concentration, the surface tension values were found to be close to each other since the solvent system was the same. The mechanical and the mucoadhesive properties of nanofibers were examined and compared. Mucoadhesive and mechanical properties of nanofiber formulations differed depending on molecular weight and electrospinning process. The nanofiber formulations produced with PVA M 13/140 were found suitable for vaginal applications in terms of their mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. PVA nanofibers can be a good alternative as a drug delivery system in vaginal applications.

Conducting ITO Nanoparticle-Based Aerogels—Nonaqueous One-Pot Synthesis vs. Particle Assembly Routes

Indium tin oxide (ITO) aerogels offer a combination of high surface area, porosity and conductive properties and could therefore be a promising material for electrodes in the fields of batteries, solar cells and fuel cells, as well as for optoelectronic applications. In this study, ITO aerogels were synthesized via two different approaches, followed by critical point drying (CPD) with liquid CO2. During the nonaqueous one-pot sol-gel synthesis in benzylamine (BnNH2), the ITO nanoparticles arranged to form a gel, which could be directly processed into an aerogel via solvent exchange, followed by CPD. Alternatively, for the analogous nonaqueous sol-gel synthesis in benzyl alcohol (BnOH), ITO nanoparticles were obtained and assembled into macroscopic aerogels with centimeter dimensions by controlled destabilization of a concentrated dispersion and CPD. As-synthesized ITO aerogels showed low electrical conductivities, but an improvement of two to three orders of magnitude was achieved by annealing, resulting in an electrical resistivity of 64.5-1.6 kΩ·cm. Annealing in a N2 atmosphere led to an even lower resistivity of 0.2-0.6 kΩ·cm. Concurrently, the BET surface area decreased from 106.2 to 55.6 m2/g with increasing annealing temperature. In essence, both synthesis strategies resulted in aerogels with attractive properties, showing great potential for many applications in energy storage and for optoelectronic devices.

Nonlinear Surface Conductivity Characteristics of Epoxy Resin-Based Micro-Nano Structured Composites

Nonlinear composite materials serve to homogenize electric fields and can effectively improve the local concentration of the electric field in power systems. In order to study the nonlinear surface conductivity properties of micro-nano epoxy composites, two types of epoxy micro-nano composite specimens were prepared in the laboratory using the co-blending method. The surface conductivity of the composites was tested under different conditions using a high-voltage DC surface conductivity test system. The results show that the surface conductivity of micro-nano structured composites increases and then decreases with the rise of nanofiller doping concentration. The nonlinear coefficient was 1.781 at 4 wt% of doped nanostructured SiC, which was the most significant nonlinear coefficient compared to other doping contents. For the same doping concentration, the micro-nano structured composites doped with nanostructured SiC have more significant surface conductivity at the same test temperature with a nonlinear coefficient of 1.635. As the temperature increases, the surface conductivity of the micro-nano structured composite increases significantly, and the threshold field strength moves towards the high electric field. Along with the increase in temperature, the nonlinear coefficients of micro-nano composites after doping with nanostructured SiC showed a gradually decreasing trend. The temperature has little effect on the nonlinear coefficients of the micro-nano structured composites after doping with O-MMT.

Multispectral electromagnetic shielding and mechanical properties of carbon fabrics reinforced by silver deposition

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become a widespread modern environmental pollutant. There is an essential need for practical and applicable materials for its attenuation. Therefore, the presented research has focused on metallization of carbon fabric using the silver conductive complex solution to enhance the surface conductivity and mechanical properties of the fabric. With this amplification and improving the mentioned characteristics, lightweight and flexible modified carbon fibers can be applied in many environments. The modification has been performed in three steps: the silver conductive complex synthesis, carbon fabric immersion into a silver complex solution, treating with temperature for silver deposition by annealing. The method used for the metallization of carbon fabrics surface does not require expensive and toxic chemicals or electricity, making the process more ecologically and economically acceptable. One of the advantages of using the method for surface modification is the possibility of usage for other materials, not only for textiles and foils. The examination of the surface structure, electrical, EMI shielding characteristics, and mechanical properties of carbon fabrics modified by silver deposition contributes to the determination of multifunctional properties of materials. Also, the dependence on the improvement of multispectral electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) characteristics and mechanical properties of materials on the number of cycles has been determined. The most effective material was carbon fabric modified by five cycles, and average attenuation at an L and S bands was 49.67 dB, and a part of C and full X band was 51.07 dB, caused by better coverage by silver particles, increased density and porosity of deposited layer. Increasing the number of silver deposition cycles improves the physical properties of the modified carbon fabrics, where after five cycles the highest maximum force has been measured (2.26 kN). The material's morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The crystallographic phases of sintered particles were determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic phases of sintered particles were determined by X-ray diffraction.

Facile Synthesis and Outstanding Supercapacitor Performance of Ternary Nanocomposite of Silver Particles Decorated N/S Dual-Doped Graphene and MoS2 Microspheres Stabilized by Graphene Quantum Dots

The ternary nanocomposite of silver particles decorated N/S dual-doped graphene and molybdenum disulfide microspheres (Ag-MoS2/NSG) is prepared by hydrothermal-chemical reduction method with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as additives and graphene oxide, sodium molybdate and silver nitrate as main raw materials. For comparison, the binary composites of Ag-MoS2, Ag-NSG and MoS2/NSG are also prepared and discussed. In addition, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of GQDs are studied, and the dynamic analysis of Ag-MoS2/NSG is also carried out. Results show that the ternary composite of Ag, MoS2 and NSG can effectively prevent the lamellar superposition and agglomeration of graphene, which effectively improves the specific surface area and conductive properties of the composite. The specific capacitance of Ag-MoS2/NSG is 1124.3 F·g−1 at 10 mV·s−1, and the specific capacitance retention is 95.2% after 10000 constant current charge/discharge loops. The asymmetric button supercapacitor device assembled with NSG and Ag-MoS2/NSG has a maximum energy density of 82.5 Wh·kg−1 (900 W·kg−1).

Synthesis and Application of a Self-Standing Zirconia-Based Carbon Nanofiber in a Supercapacitor

Electrospun metal oxide-embedded carbon nanofibers have attracted considerable attention in energy storage applications for the development and fabrication of supercapacitors owing to their unique properties such as flexibility, high capacitance, large specific surface areas, and morphological and conductivity properties. Herein, a novel zirconia-based carbon nanofiber (referred to as CNF-20ZrO2) was fabricated using a simple electrospinning method and applied to a supercapacitor as the electroactive material for the first time. The optimal electrode (CNF-20ZrO2) demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 140 F/g at 1 A/g. In addition, the assembled supercapacitor delivers maximum specific energy of 4.86 Wh/kg at a specific power of 250 W/kg and shows excellent cycling stability of 82.6% after 10 000 cycles at 1 A/g. The electrochemical performance of the electrode originates from the high content of nitrogen and oxygen species, abundant electrochemical active sites, and high ionic conductivity.

Analysis of Homogeneity and Young's Moduli of Rubber Compounds by Atomic Force Microscopy

The atomic force microscopy is method used to obtain surface properties of various materials, includ-ing surface morphology, local magnetization, conductivity and mechanical properties. In this work the atomic force microscope was used to investigate properties of rubber compounds. Three samples made of different rubber compounds that varied in filler content were studied in order to determinate their homogeneity and ratios of their Young’s moduli. Images of their surface topography were ob-tained and then on each sample five places were chosen where spectroscopic curves representing force – distance dependence were scanned. Parts of these curves from which Young’s modulus can be determined were approximated by linear functions and their slope was calculated. Slope values close to each other suggest similar values of Young’s modulus. By their comparison it was determined whether even distribution of ingredients in rubber compound can be assumed and thus the blending process to produce these compounds can be considered sufficient.

Advances in the development of electrode materials for improving the reactor kinetics in microbial fuel cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology for converting organic waste into electricity, thus providing potential solution to energy crises along with eco-friendly wastewater treatment. The electrode properties and biocatalysts are the major factors affecting electricity production in MFC. The electrons generated during microbial metabolism are captured by the anode and transferred towards the cathode via an external circuit, causing the flow of electricity. This flow of electrons is greatly influenced by the electrode properties and thus, much effort has been made towards electrode modification to improve the MFC performance. Different semiconductors, nanostructured metal oxides and their composite materials have been used to modify the anode as they possess high specific surface area, good biocompatibility, chemical stability and conductive properties. The cathode materials have also been modified using metals like platinum and nano-composites for increasing the redox potential, electrical conductivity and surface area. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent developments in the modification of electrodes towards improving the power generation capacity of MFCs.

In-situ assembly of Cu/CuxO composite with CNT/Bacterial cellulose matrix as a support for efficient CO2 electroreduction reaction to CO and C2H4

A CNT/Bacterial Cellulose (BC) nanocomposite with a large surface area and conductive properties was in-situ cultivated to retain the native 3D nanofibril network. The Cu-CuxO/CNT/BC nanocomposite electrode was in-situ fabricated via reduction with the CNT/BC composite as a support, comparing KBH4 and NaBH4 as a reducing agent to obtain efficient electrodes for CO2 reduction (ECR-CO2). Both electrodes exhibited higher performance than the traditional carbon cloth or pristine BC supported Cu-based catalysts for conversion of ECR-CO2 to CO and C2H4. The CNT/BC as a support provided not only more active sites for copper catalyst but also increased the charge transfer and selective performance of C2H4 product, due to the synergistic effect of CNT and copper. The smaller honeycomb and dendritic lamellar crystal morphology of the obtained Cu-CuxO/CNT/BCNaBH4 electrode possessed a large electrochemical specific surface area, providing more active sites for ECR-CO2. The double-layer capacitance and the current density reached 11.8 mF cm−2 and 33.3 mA cm−2, respectively. At a potential of −1.5 VRHE, the Faraday efficiency (FECO + FEC2H4) was 66%. Moreover, the Cu-CuxO/CNT/BC nanocomposite electrode was very stable, and withstood tolerance in ECR-CO2 for more than 20 h. This study possibly will provide a new design for catalyst support on CNT/BC substrate to regulate advanced catalysts/electrodes for different applications, especially to ECR-CO2 in terms of higher charge transport properties, lower contact resistance, higher current density, and more stable CO2 electroreduction performance.

Strong anti-polyelectrolyte zwitterionic hydrogels with superior self-recovery, tunable surface friction, conductivity, and antifreezing properties

Salt-responsive hydrogels, have great potential in electrochemical devices and marine-related applications. But so far most of these hydrogels swell in water while shrink in salt solution. Herein, based on a special zwitterionic monomer, 3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (VBIPS), tough double-network hydrogels showing strong anti-polyelectrolyte effect were designed. The hydrogel was prepared by one-pot copolymerization of VBIPS and N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) acrylamide in the presence of sodium alginate. The double-network showed good mechanical properties and excellent recoverability. These hydrogels with salt-response exhibited shrinkage, opaque, and high surface friction in water, but swelled, camouflage, and high lubrication in salt solution. Meanwhile, after complexing with multivalent cations, the hydrogels not only maintained the initial flexibility, but also largely decreased the freezing point to −60 °C. Besides, the interesting electrochemical behavior of polyzwitterions offered the hydrogels showing high ionic conductivity both at room temperature and ultra-low temperature, which greatly broadened the applications to extreme conditions.

Comparison of Electropolishing of Aluminum in a Deep Eutectic Medium and Acidic Electrolyte

Research advances in electropolishing, with respect to the field of metalworking, have afforded significant improvements in the surface roughness and conductivity properties of aluminum polished surfaces in ways that machine polishing and simple chemical polishing cannot. The effects of a deep eutectic medium as an acid-free electrolyte were tested to determine the potential energy thresholds during electropolishing treatments based upon temperature, experiment duration, current, and voltage. Using voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests during electropolishing to supplement representative recordings via atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface morphology comparisons were performed regarding the electropolishing efficiency of phosphoric acid and acid-free ionic liquid treatments for aluminum. This eco-friendly solution produced polished surfaces superior to those surfaces treated with industry standard acid electrochemistry treatments of 1 M phosphoric acid. The roughness average of the as-received sample became 6.11 times smoother, improving from 159 nm to 26 nm when electropolished with the deep eutectic solvent. This result was accompanied by a mass loss of 0.039 g and a 7.2 µm change in step height along the edge of the electropolishing interface, whereas the acid treatment resulted in a slight improvement in surface roughness, becoming 1.63 times smoother with an average post-electropolishing roughness of 97.7 nm, yielding a mass loss of 0.0458 g and a step height of 8.1 µm.

Analytical Modeling and Design of a Graphene Metasurface Sensor for Thermo-Optical Detection of Terahertz Plasmons

Thermo-optic mechanism for plasmonics sensing of terahertz radiations is numerically and analytically investigated for metasurface formed from Graphene/SiO2 and simulated at room temperature. For this purpose, here, by considering coupling condition as well as strong light-matter interaction in graphene metasurface a very compact footprint in less than half of the wavelength is proposed. Also, for deep benchmark of structure at different temperature, tunable optical properties of graphene is considered. Subsequently, the numerical operation of the sensor fulfilled based 3-dimension finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) and also, the transfer matrix method (TMM) modelling is introduced. In order to investigate the relationship between the temperature variation and tunable behavior of the structure on the performance parameters, temperature is increased from 0 to 600 K in steps of 300, whereas the other parameters were fixed. Numerical results show that the max sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) are more than 1140 nm/RIU and 5.1, respectively. Then, we numerically simulate the optical cross-section including absorption, scattering and total of them. Also, by harnessing of graphene’s surface conductivity properties, we indicate the giant tunability and minimum transmittance of % 0.02 in frequency of 14 THz in which the best track of optical performance over a wide range of frequency is occurred. Eventually, a novel research direction of the software-defined metasurface is explained, which is tried to achieve the graphene-based metasurface toward unique in controllability and harnessing of the light. This proposed thermo-optical metasurface structure can be used as a nanosensor for exciting surface plasmons.

Graphene-Based High-Efficiency Broadband Tunable Linear-to-Circular Polarization Converter for Terahertz Waves

Broadband tunable terahertz (THz) polarization converter is a vivid necessity due to its great significance in functional utilization. Graphene is a promising material for the evolution of tunable terahertz devices, thanks to its tunable surface conductivity and extraordinary electrical properties. In this paper, we present a high-efficiency graphene-based ultra-thin metasurface manifesting linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion for THz wave. A broadband LTC conversion with ellipticity over 0.95 can be achieved for the entire operating bandwidth of 14 THz to 40 THz for any graphene chemical potential from 0.4 eV to 0.6 eV. It is also shown that tuning the graphene chemical potential may provide much improved ellipticity and efficiency for different frequencies. The proposed LTC converter also provides over 90% efficiency for the complete operating bandwidth for graphene chemical potential from 0 eV to 0.7 eV. Simulation results also reveal that a perfect LTC converter (ellipticity = 1) with more than 90% efficiency can be realized from 16 THz to 37 THz by tuning the graphene chemical potential between 0 eV to 0.7 eV. Altogether, the proposed LTC polarization converter provides the advantage of dynamic regulation, simpler structure, higher efficiency, enhanced ellipticity and greater relative bandwidth.

Fabrication of Conductive Polypyrrole Doped Chitosan Thin Film for Sensitive Detection of Sulfite in Real Food and Biological Samples

AbstractIn this study, we reported electrochemical synthesis of conductive polypyrrole‐chitosan (PPY‐CHI) thin film for sensitive detection of sulfite in real samples. The synthesized PPY‐CHI film was characterized in terms of surface morphology, optical property, binding energy, conductivity and electrochemical properties. The synthesized copolymeric PPY‐CHI film displayed good electrocatalytic behaviour towards oxidation of sulfite. The synthesized PPY‐CHI film was used for sulfite detection using differential pulse voltammetric technique with detection limit, sensitivity and linearity of 0.21 μM (S/N=3), 15.28 μA μM cm−2 and 50–1100 μM respectively. In addition, the current responses of PPY‐CHI film towards sulfite were repeatable, reproducible response and unaffected by selected electroactive interferents. Finally, the synthesized PPY‐CHI was successfully and satisfactorily applied for determination of sulfite in real food and biological samples. The results obtained from this study highly placed PPY‐CHI film as a promising sensor for sensitive and accurate detection of sulfite in food and biological samples for human health protection.

Surface morphology, spectroscopy, optical and conductivity properties of transparent poly(9-vinylcarbazole) thin films modified with graphene oxide

In this work, we synthesized the graphene oxide by Hummers method and prepared poly-N-vinylcarbazole (PVK)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites. We investigated the SEM images, FTIR and UV spectroscopy and ac conductivity properties of PVK:wt% (0, 1, 5, 10, 15%) GO nanocomposites thin films. The PVK and PVK/GO nanocomposites are dominant in near ultraviolet region. The absorption band edge of the films of the PVK/GO nanocomposites varies from 3.077 to 3.175 eV, while the allowed optical band gap of the 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15% wt. GO + PVK nanocomposites varies from 2.97 to 3.30 eV. The optical band gap and refractive indices of the PVK can be changed with increasing the percentage by weight of graphene oxide. The single oscillator energy varies from 3.358 to 3.670 eV, while the dispersion energy varies from 6.404 to 6.970 eV. The graphene oxide has an important effect on the ac conductivity of the PVK. Obtained results show that the PVK material modified with graphene oxide is promising for electronic, optical and optoelectronic technology.