Supranational Entities Research Articles

Creative human capital and assessment of its manifestation in organizational behavior in the context of digitalization higher education

Problem and aim. In the context of the digitalization organization management human creativity and its properties and evaluation have become the leading topic of modern research in the field of organizational behaviour and organizational development. This problem is multi-vector, it is considered in different branches of knowledge. Human capital (HC) is the most valuable resource of the digital society, and the creativity of HC is the driving force of scientific progress. This is especially relevant for the higher education system, since it is here that the foundations of professional competencies and personal characteristics of future labour market actors are laid. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of creative human capital and to consider the possibilities of assessing its manifestation in organizational behaviour in the context of digitalization of higher education. Research methods. It was used the methods of monographic and statistical analysis, as well as the author's methodology based on a modified system of indicators (R&D potential; innovation potential; creative potential). The methodology uses dynamic and equity coefficients in order to universalize the method and the possibility of evaluating creative HC for different objects and different conditions. The authors’ methodology uses a modified system of indicators, which are presented in national statistical systems and which group dynamic and share coefficients according to their functional purpose. Results. The study is both theoretical and applied, as it contributes equally to the theory and practice of organizational behavior. In the theoretical part, the authors considered four key issues: 1) human capital and creativity; 2) the concept of creative HC in the digital economy; 3) key trends in the development of higher education in the global economy; 4) increasing role of creative HC in organizational behavior in the context of digitalization higher education and methods for its assessment. In the practical part, the authors set and realized the goal of developing a universal methodology for assessing creative HC. The calculations of creative HC use the example of the higher education sector in Russia and Belarus. Conclusion. The authors have developed a methodology that can be used can be used for different subjects (countries, supranational entities, regions, organizations) and in different conditions (for example, digitalization higher education). Based on the analysis of scientific works on modern forms of HC reproduction, the authors propose main directions for smart scenarios of the HC development, especially relevant for the higher education system.

Studies of problems of agrarian law (based on the works of O.L. Dubovik and other professors)

The state and development of the socio-economic situation in the country depends on various factors, including scientific support, qualified preparation and implementation of legislative acts. The interdisciplinary approach to the theoretical consideration of the problems of agrarian, land, environmental, international and other branches of law, conducting comparative legal studies of Russian legislation and legislation of foreign countries, supranational entities bring success. The logic and versatility of studying trends in changes in legal life, the timeliness and adequacy of responding to them are conditioned by studies of constitutional, civil, administrative, criminal, and other rules, norms and principles that make up a complex, integrating a variety of legal institutions and categories of agrarian legislation. It has its own subject, specific methods of regulation, a coherent set of regulatory legal acts. The interaction of legal science and legal realization in the field of ensuring food security and independence of the country is achieved by discussing and trying to solve emerging issues of a tactical and strategic nature at international and All-Russian scientific and practical conferences that receive rapid application, implementation, and operational reflection in the media. In different periods of the development of the agro–industrial complex, the most pressing problems of legal regulation were put forward for consideration - the delimitation and protection of property rights, the organization and improvement of the efficiency of agricultural production, affordable forms of land management and registration of real estate, administrative and criminal legal means of ensuring freedom of economic activity not prohibited by law. For half a century, topical theoretical and legal and applied problems in the field of agrarian, land, environmental law have been considered by O.L. Dubovik, Doctor of Law, Professor of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. She is known for numerous in-depth consistent developments of lawmaking, mechanisms of law enforcement, effectiveness of law enforcement, prevention and suppression of corruption, crimes, and other offenses.

Республика Абхазия и СВО на Украине

The article examines the impact of the special military operation (SVO) in Ukraine on the foreign and domestic policies of the Republic of Abkhazia. The authors point to the factors that determine the positioning of Abkhazia in relation to SVO in a broad historical context. In particular, the Georgian-Ukrainian alliance is shown during the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992-1993, within the framework of post-Soviet supranational entities (GUUAM bloc), as well as during the “color revolutions” of 2003-2004. In addition, the issue of Abkhazia’s relationship to the people’s republics of Donbass before the SVO was considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the reaction of the Abkhaz leadership and society to the Russian-Georgian “warming” and the possibility of opening a “second front” against Abkhazia. The phenomenon of the Abkhaz volunteer movement (the international brigade “Pyatnashka”) and its influence on Abkhaz political life are examined separately.

Comparative Study of the Information about the COVID-19 Pandemic and COVID-19 Vaccines on the Covers of United Kingdom, France, Spain and United States’ Main Newspapers

This study compares the information coverage of the vaccine against the information of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight newspapers (two per country) from the United Kingdom, France, Spain and the United States. The newspapers analyzed are The Times and The Guardian (United Kingdom), Le Monde and Le Figaro (France), El País and El Mundo (Spain), and The New York Times and The Washington Post (United States). On a methodological level, the work uses a descriptive approach of hemerographic analysis. As a result, it is observed—in the case of coverage of the pandemic—that the presence of affected persons and health personnel in the front-page information was negligible, with a predominance of news journalistic genres (brief and newsworthy, especially), evidencing a leading role of political figures and the high degree of politicization of the crisis. In addition, the visual frames in the analyzed newspapers tended to promote humanization through emotional representation. On the other hand, the results of the news coverage of the vaccine showed a predominance of news journalistic genres, wherein supranational entities and pharmaceutical companies starred in the front pages to a greater extent. The study denotes the importance of media literacy among citizens, especially in the face of this type of informational events of global significance.

Possibilities for Regional Integration in South and Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of SAARC and ASEAN

During the second half of the twentieth century, an accelerated wave of economic and political integration at the regional level hit all corners of the world. Regions of South and Southeast Asia did not fall far behind in this regard. This paper aims to examine the scope of regional political integration in these two regions of Asia, then identify the main (non)institutional barriers that prevent emerging supranational bodies from reaching out to their full potential and analyse the results in the field of regional political associating achieved so far. Using the content analysis of the relevant literature as a primary scientific method showed some important results: (a) it is pointed out that a higher degree of integration has been achieved between the member states of the ASEAN compared to the SAARC, (b) basic historical (colonization period, type of political culture, structure of the political system) and contemporary (political violence, secessionism, ethnoreligious disputes) threats to a deeper integration have been pointed out and (c) great potential of these regions for deeper integration in the field of politics, but also the economy, culture, etc., is clearly emphasized. In conclusion, it could be argued that the Southeast Asian region, through its arguably most important supranational entity – the ASEAN organization – has achieved an extremely high degree of regional integration compared to its neighbouring counterpart – SAARC and that the latter organization has a long way to go in approaching good practices and results achieved by ASEAN within the field of regional political integration.

European governance as an institute of constitutional law of the European Union

Introduction. The article considers one of the most important issues of constitutionalization of EU law, namely the processes of internal structuring of the constitutional law of this supranational entity. The author substantiates the opinion that together with the expansion of the EU's competence and the strengthening of the processes of interstate integration within the framework of the EU constitutional law, the institution of European governance is gradually crystallizing. In the system of constitutional law of the EU, this institution occupies a place similar to that in national legal systems occupies the institution of the form of government. The Institute of European Governance reflects the modus operandi (from the Latin "method of action") of the EU as a supranational entity, which has significant specifics in terms of institutional and functional organization and mechanism for developing and implementing government decisions. The process of forming European governance and filling it with specific content takes place within the general process of "setting political and legal standards", based on the latest advances in political and legal theory and practice and reflecting the highest requirements for quality governance and EU rights and freedoms. Summary of the main research results. Today the European Union has accumulated significant experience in reforming and improving public administration and public service, although these areas are not directly regulated by the acquis communautaire. Therefore, today the acquisition in the field of public administration and public service organization mainly takes the form of "soft law" and "soft standards" - White Papers and communications of the European Commission, recommendations of conferences of ministers responsible for public administration and / or heads of departments of public services etc. A systematic analysis of EU legislation suggests that the most significant distinguishing features of European governance are that it is based on the principles of good governance, multi-level (including network) governance, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Initially, European governance had the character of an intersectoral principle that determined the order of organization and activities of public authorities within the EU in all areas of the functioning of public administration, but after the adoption of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and giving it the force of the founding treaties of the EU (i.e., giving it essentially the status an integral part of the unwritten constitution of the EU), where one of the fundamental human rights is the right to proper governance, this principle is actually brought to the level of the foundations of the constitutional law of the EU. Conclusions. The conclusion is substantiated that European governance from the point of view of the constitutional law of the EU means good, multi-level, subordinate to the law and “respectful of human rights” governance. The transformation of the concept of European governance into the EU legal system is a vivid example of the constitutionalization of this supranational entity. In the system of constitutional law of the EU, European governance as a political and legal concept has become a fundamental constitutional principle, one of the foundations of the constitutional order of the EU. Ukraine's course towards European integration leads to the need for full implementation of the requirements of European governance in political and legal practice and national legislation.

The nexus between biofuels and pesticides in agroforestry: Pathways toward United Nations sustainable development goals

The growth of global population continuously increases the demands for agroforestry-derived products, underpinning a sustainable growth of energy matrix in the sectors of food security, transportation, and industrial is momentous. The high demand for the sustainable energy sources has led to an increase in the application of pesticides associated with growing crops for the production of biofuel. In 2019, the global consumption of pesticides was 4.2 million tonnes. Case studies on life cycle assessment (LCA) of pesticides showed that toxicity is the major severe impact of pesticide usage, contributing to human toxicity (∼70%) and freshwater eco-toxicity (>50%). This alarming situation needs a solution as conventional pesticides pose various negative impacts to human and the environment, rendering the biofuel production process unsustainable. In this review, we focus on the interaction between pesticide use, biofuel production, food security for a sustainable balancing in between government benefits, environmental, and human health, aiming to track the implications and impact to the global efforts towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Even though, there are strict government regulations and legislations pertaining to pesticide use, and policies devised as guidelines for agroforestry sectors to implement and monitor these measures, the discrepancies still exist in between national and supranational entities. To cater the above issue, many efforts have been made to upscale the biofuel production, for example, the United States, Brazil, China and Indonesia have ventured into biofuels production from non-food-crops based feedstock while other developing nations are rapidly catching up. In this perspective, a sustainable nexus between Biofuels-Pesticides-Agroforestry (BPA) is essential to create a sustainable roadmap toward the UN SDGs, to fulfilling the energy, food, and land security. The contribution of technologies in BPA includes genetic modified crops, integrated pest and weed management with controlled release pesticides, use of nano-biopesticides is being reviewed. As a whole, the concept of biofuel processing complex (BPC) and farmers upskilling, together with the effective implementation of efficient policies and Internet of Things (IoT) would be the key to drive the BPA nexus towards fulfilment of SDGs.

Have the lessons of the Second World War been learned? Analysis of the ability of the European Union countries to mobilise common resources to counter threats of military invasion

The subject of the research throws light on the political dimension of a little-explored page of European history – the military-political metamorphoses of the European Union within the political situation of the last two decades – in the face of possible threats of Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine, escalation of the confrontation between Serbia and the partially acknowledged state of Kosovo and between Turkey and the Republic of Cyprus. This subject has repeatedly come into the focus of researchers, but they considered it purely in the context of the history of the European Union, and not as an independent scientific problem. In addition, scientists highlighted most of the issues from the economic standpoint, completely forgetting about other areas of the association. The purpose of this study is to examine the activities of the European Union in the field of military security and defence, the political and economic component of this issue, measures to enhance the mobility of decision-making and the results of the work performed. The methodological foundation of the study is a combination of general historical and political science methods, among which the leading place is occupied by retrospective and institutional. Analytical work with the materials and the selection of specific works for each of the objectives was accompanied by using critical-dialectical, historical-systemic, action and problem-chronological methods. As a result of the study, it was identified that the political, economic and military components of the EU’s defence capability are to respond quickly to potential threats as a broad diplomatic and sanctions leverage, the development of the European Security and Defense Policy, which provides for the deployment of rapid reaction forces and other possible structures, and expanded bilateral agreements with the North Atlantic Alliance, which encourage close cooperation in times of crisis. The practical value of the work is identified in the possibility of using these facts in further study of the development of the European Union in the early 21st century, and the problems of supranational entities in Europe

Analysis of the Process of Devising a Draft Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia

Abstract The revision or drafting of strategic documents is a consequence of and a reflection of changes in the international security environment. The attitude of a state or a supranational entity towards these documents is the best indicator of the state of »strategic culture« in that state or entity. NATO, the EU and many other Allies have over the past period overhauled or adopted completely new strategic documents in the defence and military fields. The Slovenian Armed Forces have also carried out the process of devising the draft Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia. The article presents an analysis of this process as a contribution to further exchange of views and systematization of military thought in the Slovenian Armed Forces.

The Nation-State: Not Yet Ready For the Dustbin of History?

Abstract At the turn of the millennia, the ideas of withering away of the Nation-State became, once again, widespread. The latest wave of globalisation was supposed to lead to a borderless world, where goods, money, capital and workforce would move without hindrance. Multinational companies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), big cities, regions (e.g., California or Bavaria), supranational entities, like the European Union, and even individuals would replace States as important decision-makers. This should have also been a triumph of liberal-democracy and the end of history à la Francis Fukuyama. This was also meant to be an American century where the only remaining superpower would lead the world either by example, by persuasion, or, if necessary, by punishing those who disobeyed. However, this was not to be the case. Excesses of globalisation, marked by financial and economic crises, the arrogant and naïve triumphalism of the West that attempted to remake the world in accordance with its own image, often using military power to carry out regime change, soon made it clear that the world is too big, complex and diverse to have its rich tapestry to be flattened into a carpet where only one pattern, be it of a Judeo-Christian, Anglo-Saxon, Confucian, Muslim or even secular liberal-democratic, would dominate. Moreover, the Nation-State, as a cradle of democracy and the main subject of international law, has made its comeback even in the Old Continent where it had emerged and was meant to make way for more progressive political arrangements. In places where the State authority was weakened or had collapsed, often as a result of foreign interference, chaos reigned instead of democracy and attempts to replace international law with imperial rule failed. It is becoming more and more obvious that democracy can be restored and reinforced by strengthening Statehood, not weakening it, and peace can be best guaranteed by balance of power between sovereign States cooperating with each other notwithstanding differences in their domestic arrangements.

Ponencia y Reseña de los Sistemas Educativos como Insumo principal en las Gestiones Educativas Contemporáneas

This work was based on the different research proposes at the local and foreign level, analyzing how different educational systems have evolved at The Latin American and global context and how educational trends have been serving as the main input in the elaboration of the different action plans and institutional improvement plans in some educational entities of tertiary education , but which has been unknown to basic and middle education bodies in the management of teachers and teaching managers learning. It analyses characteristics of global trends focused on supranational entities and how ignoring them would be detrimental to the relevance of the new undergraduate, graduate and management documents of any university at the national level to generate policies and for management and research. This review was resolved as a doctoral course work and part of a broader process of reflection in educational management and research and its relationship to the relevance of the impact of education on social change and relevance in a much more competitive labor market.

Cross-Border Regionalism in European Integration Strategies: A Conceptual Dimension

At the turn of the millennium, the issues of borders and border territories that arose as a result of the reinterpretation of the place and role of national states and supranational entities became the focus of social analysis. Scientific attention to cross-border strategies of European integration processes is determined both by a new vision of the phenomenon of regionalism and the characteristic features of territorial identities. The relevance of the study of crossborder regionalism lies in the awareness of the increasing specific weight of territoriality in the modern world system and the need to find algorithms to answer the challenges of our time, which are marked by “binding to the territory”. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological study of models and concepts of cross-border cooperation, which are formed under the influence of interconnected processes of globalization and regionalization within the European space. The current conditions of functioning of countries in the context of cross-border cooperation necessitate the substantiation of conceptual approaches to uncovering the essence of the cross-border region as a methodological construct. The application of geopolitical and geohistorical methodology determines the representation of the essential characteristics of cross-border regionalism as well as the determination of the role and place of border regions in European integration strategies. As a result of the study, it was proven that the effectiveness of cross-border cooperation depends on the extent, to which the historical traditions, mentality and social attitudes of the population of the border areas are taken into account in the process of creating Euroregions. It has been found that the minimization of risks caused by the long-term development of societies within various state organizations directly depend on the degree of scientific understanding of the specifics, potential and opportunities of cross-border regions, as well as the variability of value orientations and behavioral stereotypes. It was determined that the “transparency” of borders is a powerful resource for the balanced development of states, increasing the role of cross-border dynamics in the sphere of economy, culture, and ecology. The practical significance of the study is determined by the representation of spatial trends in the coordination of European integration strategies, the development of regional identity, and the decentralization of decision-making. Increasing scientific knowledge about cross-border regionalism will help to better understand the role and place of Ukraine in the modern world and bring it closer to entering the European political space

Pathways To African Unification: The Four Riders of The Storm

Research on African unification has not yet explained the reason for the belief in the possibility of post-colonial African states swiftly unifying as a federal or strong, functioning, supranational entity. This contribution attempts to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the various paths towards African unification. Some states pressing for unification misconstrued the history of the successful models that they insisted Africa could follow. This led to the assumption that a near frictionless and workable legal edifice for African unification could be easily created. This contribution has a twofold purpose: First, it draws attention to the importance of the intersection between history and law in construing and explaining the law as it relates to African unification. This is an intersection that has largely been ignored by scholars. Secondly, this contribution adds to the literature that asserts that African unification enthusiasts should reconsider mimicking other models in the expectation that this will help propel their goal of a united Africa. This study examines the routes to African unification, namely the role of socio-cultural interactions of Africans as propounded by Edward Blyden; the romantic speedy path as espoused by more radical forces by which the elite should muster the political will to bring a united Africa into existence; the role of force in creating a supranational Africa out of its independent states; and the role of market integration as an essential ingredient for any deeper and stronger relations among African states.

Integration processes in the European Union: current state and perspectives

Summary. The purpose of the article is to analyze the course of integration processes in the European Union and determine their most likely trends. The methodological foundations of the research are the use of an analytical approach and usage the possibilities of a synergistic development concept. Scientific novelty. In the modern world supranational entities play an important role, the most successful of which was traditionally considered the European Union. But today it is impossible to deny the existence of disintegration processes that are increasingly gaining strength. The concept of “cluster reintegration” is considered as a probable optimal option for overcoming centrifugal tendencies, which we propose to define as the restarting of the integration processes of the system under the condition of its deatomization. Conclusions. The excessive heterogeneity of the European Union is not the only one, but one of the most urgent, which makes it difficult for it to function as an integral system. Since today’s Europe is largely differentiated, it seems appropriate not to pan-European integration of individual states, but to create several internally homogeneous associations-clusters at the first stage. A variety of factors from geographical location to common economic and political interests can be the basis of regional integration for European countries. The development of regional integration in the form of creating clusters as internally ordered and homogeneous state associations, at first glance, may indicate an increase in Centrifugal trends. But on the other hand, reducing the number of subjects means reducing the diversity of vectors, which will certainly facilitate consistency in their further interaction and will be the first step to overcome the internal differentiation of the European Community.

Should the COVID 19 experience prompt the Caribbean to adopt supranationalism?

The Caribbean region, like the global community, has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic over the last year with marked mortality and morbidity. The region has several vulnerabilities that affect and impair a robust health and social response to such an intricate problem. The presence of multiple small island states with heterogenous governance and healthcare systems makes the response to a global problem individualized and small scale. This increases the likelihood of larger nations and economies acquiring healthcare consumables such as Personal Protective Equipment, testing equipment and medication ahead of the region. Economically, with several of the island states being dependent on tourism, the downturn in global travel and restriction of movement puts significant strain on efforts to sustain and rebuild. The focal question of this paper is whether a supranational entity in the Caribbean would have mitigated against these threats better than individual states. This is assessed through the lens of healthcare systems and should lead academics to a discussion on whether this is feasible and worthwhile.

Current aspects of quality assurance of Greek teacher professional training in the conditions of European integration

The article deals with the сurrent aspects of Greek teacher training quality assurance in the context of European integration processes. The entry of a higher pedagogical school into the European educational space is a complex and multifaceted task that requires the study of the best foreign experience in ensuring the quality of teacher training in the context of deepening European integration. Inside the education system teachers have a complex mission as far as the production and reproduction of official and unofficial school knowledge is concerned. The analysis of teacher education and training institutions development, and the recentpolicy initiatives and legislation, suggest that these Departments Teacher Education Policies and Developments in Europe are under the influences of diverse social and political forces. Therefore, any attempts to introduce reforms will be affected by the pressures and possibilities carried by the initiatives and practices of the EU and other supranational entities of global governance, initiatives which are spreading rapidly across national space.

Consequences of failure: How France’s rejection of the Franco-British union undermined Australian wartime security

Australia’s wartime security was imperilled by the failure of the Franco-British union. The proposal to merge the British and French Empires into a supra-national entity became a short-lived possibility in June 1940. This article examines why Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies unconditionally endorsed the idea. Examining the proposal, and French territories surrounding Australia, demonstrates why Australia was invested in a continued French war effort and had much to gain from its union with Britain. The failure of the Franco-British union in Europe had damaging consequences for distant Canberra, which, unprepared for war, became surrounded by potentially hostile territories.

Global legal biography

This article aims to contribute to the growing body of scholarship on legal biography. In Britain and the United States, a long standing tradition is to focus on the lives of judges. Existing studies focus on a subject’s early life and background, showing that this experience had an impact on legal ideas and law-making. Yet, there is now a recent resurgence in interest in legal biography that focusses on legal figures elsewhere in the world. The scholarship on figures in supranational entities, such as the British Empire and the European Union, breaks away from the national view of law and adopts a transnational and comparative focus. Scholars grapple with concepts and approaches of following lawyers who go beyond borders and transcend regions. By critically examining the legal biographies of actors in the former British Empire and the European Union, this article considers the value of a global perspective involving an inter-regional lens and the methodological barriers that remain.

Protection of public interests by narrowing private interests: where is the limit?

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has posed many challenges to the international community. In a pandemic, governments make complex decisions every day (respond quickly to emerging difficulties), implement effective quarantine measures that affect the public and private interests of the people. Such decisions are also made by such supranational entities as the European Union. With this in mind, it is essential to analyze the interaction and balance of private and public interests in EU law in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The work aims to analyze the balance between private and public interests in EU law in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Research methods are such methods as dialectical, historical, idealization, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, system, formalization, comparison, and modeling. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that the search for a balance between public and private interests is in all areas and mostly applies to human rights and, in a pandemic, these powers are enshrined in major international treaties and national regulations, with reservations about their possible limitation under exceptional circumstances. At the same time, ensuring the balance of private and public interests is possible only if the rule of law is fulfilled in the implementation of restrictive measures, proportionality, and public necessity.

Публіцистика Едварда Лукаса в українських медіа

The article emphasizes the role of prominent British journalist and writer, expert on Central and Eastern Europe and energy and cyber security Edward Lucas for the formation of the Ukrainian media space and the implementation of world standards of quality journalism. In particular, special attention is paid to the study of his author’s texts published in Ukrainian publications during the 1990s – 2021, in particular in the magazine The Ukrainian Week and the The Day newspaper. The main genre forms of E. Lucas’s journalism are singled out, in particular the article and the author’s column embodied in the genre of commentary, political portrait, version, review, analytical article. The main thematic dominants of publications are identified (international politics and economics, political process in countries that are key players on the world map, US and European foreign policy, collective se curity issues, information wars, Britain’s exit from the EU, growing threat from Russia and China, consequences of the pandemic). The peculiarities of E. Lucas’ stylistics (bright language, expressive and evaluative vocabulary, metaphors, breadth of generalizations) are noted. Personalized content and biographical-memoir elements of texts are singled out. It is emphasized that Lucas’s journalism is based on a deep study of historical and economic processes, mental characteristics, interests of various strata of national societies, political contradictions within the governments of nation states, as well as supranational entities such as the European Union and NATO. The social and journalistic reception of Edward Lucas’s journalism in the Ukrainian media is studied and examples of its influence on the socio-political life of Ukraine are given. Keywords: Edward Lucas, journalism, political journalism, columnism, information warfare.