In comparison to conventional farming, organic farmers have fewer choices for managing pests and illnesses in their crops due to organic farming laws. Major pests, on the other hand, may be controlled by manipulating agro ecosystem processes to the benefit of crops and to the detriment ofpests. Because of the restricted number of active plant protection chemicals approved for use in organic farming, natural and biological control agents may assist in pest and disease suppression. Traditional agriculture techniques used in recent decades have had unfavorable effects on environmental sustainability, including soil erosion, ecological system degradation, changing the balance between beneficial and harmful pests, and heavy metal and pesticide contamination of soil, water, and agricultural products. As a result, employing synthetic pesticides for pest management is banned in organic agriculture, emphasizing the importance of variety. The study offers the reader with a wealth of practical information that is well-documented and helpful to academics and farmers all around the globe. In organic agriculture, pest management may be achieved via both preventative and curative measures, but contemporary agriculture must prioritize prevention.