Legislative Support Research Articles

The Impact of Midwifery-Led Care on Birth Outcomes in Low-Risk Pregnancies

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of midwifery-led care on birth outcomes in low-risk pregnancies. Research Design and Methodology: Utilizing a qualitative research approach grounded in a comprehensive literature review, this study synthesizes existing knowledge on midwifery-led care. A systematic search and analysis of peer-reviewed articles, clinical reports, and grey literature were conducted to explore the efficacy of midwifery-led care compared to conventional medical care. Findings and Discussion: The findings highlight the significant reduction in medical interventions associated with midwifery-led care, along with the promotion of physiological childbirth and enhanced maternal and neonatal well-being. Key factors such as continuity of care, patient-provider relationships, and cultural competence play crucial roles in optimizing outcomes. Implications: Policy implications include the integration of midwifery care into mainstream healthcare systems, investment in midwifery education, and advocacy for legislative support to ensure equitable access to high-quality maternity care.

Senator Richard Lugar i rat u Bosni i Hercegovini

The 1992-1995 war in Bosnia generated a significant interest across the Atlantic. For three-and-a-half years, Bosnia was present in the American public life with continuous media reports of the war and the genocide being perpetrated in this part of the Balkans. American policymakers in the George H. W. Bush and the Bill Clinton Administrations grappled with formulating a response to the war. While the executive branch took hesitant steps in response to the war, a number of American legislators led the way in seeking an assertive US role in Bosnia. Before the war broke out in Bosnia in spring 1992, several American legislators had taken an interest in the crisis in the rapidly dissolving Yugoslavia. Bob Dole, the Kansan Republican, was a leading voice calling for a tougher response. From 1992 onwards, Dole was joined by a number of other senators and congressmen on both sides of the aisle in advocating for air strikes and a lifting of the UN-imposed arms embargo on Bosnia. These congressional Bosnia hawks led a sustained campaign aimed at keeping the US focused on Bosnia and adopted landmark legislation in support of the newly independent state in Southeast Europe. Senator Richard Lugar, an Indiana Republican and an influential voice on foreign affairs, did not belong to this core group of congressional Bosnia hawks. These hawks, including Senators Bob Dole and Joseph Lieberman, and Representative Frank McCloskey, along with a dozen other legislators, were at the forefront of congressional efforts to shape America’s policy towards Bosnia. Unlike these Bosnia hawks, Lugar did not lead the charge in seeking to steer US policy towards Bosnia. The Indiana Republican was neither a persistent advocate on Bosnia which was a characteristic of the congressional Bosnia hawks. But, he did weigh in on Bosnia starting in 1992 and advocated the use of American force in response to the war in Bosnia. Lugar also voted in favour of a series of legislative efforts aimed at supporting Bosnia from the Capitol Hill. This moderate support was still significant for Bosnia as the state mounted a determined defense of its statehood and citizens from 1992 to 1995. Lugar’s Senate papers located at Indiana University Libraries in Bloomington, IN offer insights into how the veteran senator viewed Bosnia and the policies that he advocated. To date, no study of Lugar’s policy towards Bosnia has been researched and his papers on Bosnia represent a first in-depth look at the senator’s views on the war. Drawing on these original documents, this paper seeks to piece together the story of how Senator Lugar reacted to the Bosnian War. It is a story of his support for Bosnia but one which was neither persistent nor forceful compared to Bob Dole and other pro-Bosnia voices on Capitol Hill. Still, as an independent and internationalist Republican, Lugar left a mark on his nation’s foreign policy including towards Bosnia. This paper, then, further seeks to contribute to the existing literature on the variety of America’s responses to the Bosnian War but also to shed light on Senator Lugar’s little-known effort to shape the US policy towards Bosnia in the early 1990s.

Maintaining and strengthening the reproductive health of women living with HIV: legislative support in the Republic of Belarus

Maintaining and strengthening the reproductive health of women living with HIV: legislative support in the Republic of Belarus

THE ROLE OF STATE SUPPORT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS IN THE CONTEXT OF CRISIS PHENOMENA AND EUROINTEGRATION PROCESSES

The article presents the results of a study of the state of the hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine in general and the Transcarpathian region in particular in the context of crisis phenomena. The authors analyse the peculiarities of functioning of hospitality enterprises in the context of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The research provides an analytical review of the legislative framework and social factors that have influenced the activities of hospitality enterprises in conditions of instability. It also identifies the problems and prospects for the development of the hotel and restaurant business in the context of overcoming the consequences of military operations, European integration processes and legislative changes, and outlines promising ways of future recovery of the hospitality sector as a component of tourism. The purpose of the article is to conduct an analytical study of the state of the hotel and restaurant business in the post-covid period and the active phase of the military conflict, and also the impact of state regulation on overcoming such destructive factors against the background of Ukraine's European integration processes. Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of statistical indicators of the performance of temporary accommodation (accommodation) and catering enterprises, based on analytical and statistical materials of official statistics of the Zakarpattia Oblast for the period from 2020 to 2024, provided by the Main Department of Statistics in the Zakarpattia Oblast. The legal framework and regulatory documents related to the identified issues were analysed. The paper analyses the state and needs of SMEs in Ukraine as assessed by local hromadas, as well as an analytical study based on a survey of owners of hotel and restaurant businesses in Zakarpattia Oblast through personal interviews. The monitoring study covered 50 enterprises of different sizes and different forms of ownership. Results. The publication analyses the factors that stimulate the activity of enterprises in the accommodation sector, describes the destructive factors that suppress or complicate the activity of enterprises in this sphere of economic activity, and considers the state policy aimed at supporting the hotel and restaurant business and the tourism sector in general. The authors identify the commonality of problematic issues for the hromadas of Ukraine on the way to the future post-war reconstruction of the hospitality and tourism sector, as well as the functioning of this sector today. The research lists the opportunities for business on the way to European integration and the challenges associated with it. As a result, the authors suggested ways to accelerate and facilitate the integration of the local hotel and restaurant business, improve the legislative framework at the state and local levels for the development of the hotel and restaurant sector and its de-shadowing, and also emphasised the importance of close cooperation of SMEs with state and local authorities in terms of support, development promotion, investment prospects and implementation of European legislation in the activities of such enterprises.

International experience in the implementation of the service model of the police and its role in protecting the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of the individual

Relevance. The study is relevant because the global trend in public administration emphasizes respecting citizens' legitimate rights and interests. As a key law enforcement agency, the police play a crucial role in this respect. Transitioning to a service model can transform the police from a punitive body to one that serves society and provides quality services. Purpose. The study aims to investigate the experience of implementing the service model of policing in various developed countries, identify the core principles of this model, and determine its role in protecting citizens' constitutional rights and legitimate interests. Methodology. The primary method used is generalization. By examining the different ways countries have transitioned to a service model, the study identifies the main features and principles that constitute this model. Results. The study examines the concept of service policing, defining its signs and principles. It analyzes the implementation experiences in highly developed countries such as the United States, Great Britain, and Japan. The study explores specific programs and technologies used, as well as the positive and negative aspects and consequences of applying the model. It also assesses the role of this transition in protecting constitutional rights and legitimate interests. Conclusions. The study concludes that adopting a service model of policing, as evidenced by experiences in developed countries, is crucial for protecting citizens' constitutional rights and interests. Key principles include legislative and executive support, community engagement, and the use of effective programs and technologies. This model enhances public trust, law enforcement effectiveness, and fosters a cooperative relationship between the police and the community, ultimately contributing to a safer and more just society. Keywords: community-oriented police; police services; transition to a service model; law enforcement

Инновационный потенциал регионов арктической зоны Российской Федерации: состояние и пространственная дифференциация

The article considers the components of the innovation potential of Russian regions that are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the state and dynamics of innovative development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology for calculating the composite index of innovative development is proposed. The calculations are made on the basis of the database formed by the authors, which consists of four blocks; the main conclusions on the blocks are formed. According to the composite index for the period 20152021, the leading positions are occupied by the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic, and the Republics of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia) and Komi in terms of the index growth rate. The study of the state, dynamics and level of innovation development in the regions of the AZRF shows that some components of innovation potential are unevenly developed in the regions that are fully or partially included in the AZRF. At the same time, the regions differ in the dynamics of innovative development. Thus, the worst indicators of innovative development in accordance with the proposed methodology are observed in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous okrugs. The high correlation between the composite index of innovative development and indicators of socio-economic development of the regions revealed by the authors characterizes the positive impact of innovation activity on the socio-economic development of the AZRF subjects. In this regard, the key recommendations are the following: improvement of legislative support for the formation of eco-industrial, tourist zones, innovation sites and cluster formations in the Arctic territory within the framework of testing new formats of economic intensification of the Russian Arctic regions; formation of a macro-regional register of suppliers of innovative products for the projects of residents of the AZRF with the distribution of preferential measures of a special economic and administrative regime. The prospects of the research are related to the study of critical vulnerabilities in the production and technological processes of the sectors of specialization of the Arctic regions in import substitution.

Cooperative Societies as a Sustainable Legislative Aspect of the Establishment of a Dispersed Hotel

Abstract Dispersed hotels, characterized by their decentralized accommodation facilities integrated into existing structures of historical or cultural significance, have emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional centralized hotels. This study explores the role of cooperative societies as a legislative and organizational framework for establishing and managing dispersed hotels. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes case studies from Europe where cooperative models have successfully facilitated the integration of dispersed hotels into local communities, ensuring economic and cultural sustainability in Slovenia. The findings indicate that cooperative societies enable effective resource sharing, community engagement, and equitable distribution of economic benefits, which are essential for the long-term sustainability of dispersed hotels. Legislative support in the form of favorable policies and financial incentives has been identified as critical in fostering these cooperative initiatives. The study suggests that cooperative societies not only enhance the operational sustainability of dispersed hotels but also contribute to the conservation of cultural heritage and the stimulation of local economies. The results advocate for policymakers to consider cooperative models in tourism development strategies, emphasizing their potential to transform local communities and promote sustainable tourism practices.

The Importance of Photovoltaic Solar Panel Recycling in Romania: Aligning with the Green Deal and Fit for 55 Strategies

Abstract Romania’s flourishing solar energy sector necessitates responsible management of photovoltaic (PV) panel waste. The research examines at the current level of PV panel recycling and anticipates future production of waste. By examining data on solar production capacity and panel characteristics, the study forecasts a significant rise in PV waste. Supportive legislation and rising environmental consciousness have contributed to increased PV installations, but regulating the waste produced is essential. The analysis predicts a jump in trash volume, reaching at least 32,892 tons by 2033, a stunning 2336% increase over 2024–2032. This represents an exceptional chance for Romania to become a European leader in PV panel recycling. Romania could establish an innovative industry, acquire recycled materials for new panels, and encourage a circular solar energy economy if it optimizes its waste management. Together with EU policies to promote the use of recycled materials in the production process of new panels, a national PV waste management strategy needs to be developed, with collaboration between government, industry and environmental organizations. This paper provides significant insights for participants in Romania’s solar energy market. By identifying the challenges as well as opportunities relating to PV waste management, interested parties could collaborate proactively to build an economically viable future for solar energy in Romania.

The Influence of Gun Victimization on Support for Gun Control Legislation.

The primary objective of the current study was to add to the literature and broaden our understanding of gun violence victims by examining attitudes towards gun legislation held by victims of gun violence. To our knowledge, there are only two quantitative studies that have examined the impact of gun victimization on attitudes towards gun control legislation. A secondary objective was to examine the link between impressions of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and gun policy preferences, which remains an understudied area in the gun legislation literature. The current study additionally examined other factors that may impact support for gun control measures. Utilizing data from a national sample of 880 adults and controlling for demographic predictors, logistic regression was employed to examine the impact of gun victimization on attitudes towards gun control legislation. Although prior gun victimization did not yield any significant findings, concordant with prior research, regression results indicated that gun ownership was a strong predictor of opposition to gun control among respondents. Interestingly, holding a favorable attitude towards the NRA was an even stronger predictor of opposition to firearms legislation than gun ownership. Findings point to the need for additional empirical research on the impact of gun victimization and the influence that organizations like the NRA have on public opinion and subsequent gun safety legislative efforts.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ROLE IN SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND ENSURING SOCIAL INCLUSION

The article studies the essence of environmental entrepreneurship and its role in solving modern environmental challenges and social problems. Balancing economic, social, and ecological goals, environmental entrepreneurs at all stages of their activities prioritize sustainable development and responsible and reasonable strategic decisions that form the long-term value of entrepreneurial activity. Thus, environmental entrepreneurship, introducing social and ecological innovations, rational use of resources and minimization of negative impact on the environment, ensuring a continuous recycling and absorption process of any material, promotes economic growth and social welfare of all segments of the population; promotes social inclusion and integration, a realization of human potential, business activity, entrepreneurial ability; expands opportunities for people with special needs, and marginalized; improves the level and quality of their life, reduces the differentiation of society, etc. Analysis of international experience has revealed that, in modern conditions, environmental entrepreneurship has received international recognition as a response to global environmental challenges. At the same time, international cooperation, standardization, and technology exchange are key factors in the development of ecological entrepreneurship at the international level. Legislative support, financial incentives, and increased consumer awareness create a favorable environment for green (sustainable) businesses. Despite the challenges of a large-scale war, progress is being made in the development of environmental entrepreneurship in Ukraine, in particular through the restoration of infrastructure and the introduction of European environmental standards. It is generalized that the development of environmental initiatives in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine will ensure the realization of the potential to stimulate economic development, create new opportunities for business and employment, generate profit and income, ensure the restoration of affected areas and rural development, promote the transition to a low-carbon economy, solve social problems. However, the implementation of these tasks requires compliance with the following principles: an integrated approach to the balance of economic, social, and environmental components of environmental entrepreneurship in the interests of sustainable development; investments in education to spread knowledge and skills in the formation of sustainable development public culture; impact investments, inclusive social and environmental innovations as the basis for economic growth; cooperation between governments, businesses, society, and communities as the basis for implementing sustainable development initiatives.

A Review of Inclusive Education Development in China

In recent decades, the special educational needs of children with disabilities have garnered widespread attention across the globe. There has been a growing trend towards inclusive education. China, among many other nations, has endeavored to promote inclusive education through legislation, policy, and financial support. This article is a review of inclusive education development in China, with a view to summarizing Chinese experiences in this regard to contribute to the construction of a more inclusive, equitable, and higher-quality education system.

Историко-правовое развитие мировой юстиции на территории мордовского края во второй половине XIX — начале XX в.

The article reviews special aspects of historical and legal development of lay justice in Mordovia Territory from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th century. The paper describes the specific character of the institution of proceedings before justices of the peace, its structure, arrangement system, legislative support, staffing, content of specific cases, cooperation with government authorities outside of metropolitan areas. In describing the essence of lay justice, the article pays attention to staffing, as justices of the peace were, as a rule, representatives of the most famous and high-born noble families including Russian writer, opinion columnist, active state councilor, landlord I.V. Selivanov, guard captain P.A. Durnovo, professor of history of Russian law, active member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, senator, privy councilor N.V. Kalachev, active state councilor V.N. Glebov. The form of the Russian regional lay justice model in the pre-revolutionary and subsequent periods of its development had a great impact on the contemporary state of the judicial system.

NETWORK APPROACH IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP:PRELIMINARY RESULTSOF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the possibilities of using network approach in social entrepreneurship as one of the key tools for the sustainability of social enterprises. The authors first consider the approaches to determine the nature of social entrepreneurship in general, as well as the prerequisites for applying network approach in social entrepreneurship in particular. Such a preliminary theoretical review is important, since despite the popularity of the concept “social entrepreneurship”, at the same time we observe great uncertainty and fragmentation in the theory of social entrepreneurship, in matters of legislative regulation and state support in this area. Defining the essence of social entrepreneurship through the prism of institutional analysis is most relevant, since it is an approach that makes it possible to correlate the benefits and costs of a particular form of organization at a fundamental level, to cover the phenomenon at large, and not just individual manifestations of its features. The effectiveness of the application of the network approach in various forms of organizations has long been proven both in the new institutional economic theory and in various management concepts. The application of network approach in social entrepreneurship is also relevant. The article considers certain implications in applying this form of organization of economic interaction in the field of social entrepreneurship. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in February-April 2022 among Russian entrepreneurs while preparing for the interregional expert session «Entrepreneurial networks as a factor in the sustainable development of the territory». The survey conducted by the method of questioning, including closed and open questions involved 115 people from 30 regions of Russia - owners and founders of small and medium-sized businesses. The paper concludes with presenting possible ways of applying the results of empirical research for the development of network forms of organization in social entrepreneurship.

Employment Problems in the Far East and the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

In recent years, close attention has been paid to the socio-economic development of the Far East and the Arctic zone of Russia, including increasing the efficiency of labor and employment development. Strategies, government programs and other documents are being adopted aimed at reducing unemployment and creating new jobs in the sparsely populated areas of these regions. The author identifies the main tasks that should be addressed as a matter of priority to solve employment problems. It is noted that in regional regulations and social partnership agreements, the problems of employment of citizens living in sparsely populated areas of the Far East and in the Arctic zone have not yet found their legislative support and, as a result, the identified problems remained without an appropriate legal solution.

Managing organic resources in agriculture: future challenges from a scientific perspective

Recycling of organic resources into agriculture has the potential to greatly increase nutrient use efficiency and improve soil carbon balance, but improper management can have adverse effects on the environment. Agriculture therefore faces large challenges to increase yields while decreasing these emissions to the environment. In this paper, we review (i) the availability and composition of organic resources, (ii) their agronomic value and risk of emissions, (iii) potential measures to reduce their emissions, and (iv) future challenges to support farmers and policy makers. The total amount of organic resource applied to soil amounted on average 41 kg nitrogen per ha agricultural land, 9 kg phosphorus per ha, and 456 kg carbon per ha in EU-27 + UK in 2017. Solid pig and cattle manures and cattle slurry are the most used organic resources. The availability of new organic resources from food processing, sewage sludge, municipal bio-wastes, and upcoming manure treatment techniques as fertilizer or soil conditioner is expected to strongly increase over the coming decade. Insight is needed into the composition of organic resources, the plant-availability of nutrients, the degradability of organic matter and the presence of contaminants. Measurement techniques become available to characterize soils, manures, crops, and emissions to the environment. However, the interpretation, and integration of data, and recommendations to farmers and policymakers using large amounts of data is expected to become more and more challenging. Many measures are available to improve nutrient and carbon management and to reduce emissions, including proper application, technological measures and structural changes in agriculture. For many measures, there is a risk of trade-offs that could lead to pollution swapping at different scales. We should focus on finding synergies between measures and no-regret management choices to develop effective mitigation strategies. The main future challenge for managing organic resources in agriculture is the development of an integrated nutrient management approach, including (i) the characterization of organic resources, their agronomic value and their environmental risks, (ii) knowledge of potential synergies and trade-offs between management measures, and (iii) implementation of this knowledge into decision support tools, models and legislation to support farmers and policy makers.

Regarding the relevance of banning regular parliamentary elections in Ukraine during martial law

The article is devoted to the controversial issue in Ukraine of the legislative ban on regular parliamentary elections during the period of the special legal regime of martial law. The content of this discussion is disclosed. In order to confirm or refute the hypothesis about the fallacy of the legislative ban on holding regular parliamentary elections in Ukraine under martial law, the international experience of the COVID-19 pandemic was studied. This is a new international experience for this discussion. It was found out that in the conditions of an emergency situation of threats to the lives of citizens during this global epidemic, the states did not prohibit the holding of elections, but on the contrary, held these elections or postponed the date of these elections, postponed the holding of these elections, etc. From which it was concluded that in international legal practice, the concept of banning elections and the concept of postponement of elections are not the same: a legislative ban on elections is a legislative ban on elections, and the postponement of the planned election date is not a legislative ban on elections. In view of this conclusion, clarification of the subject of this discussion is proposed. It is noted that this discussion is currently being conducted between whether or not the Constitution of Ukraine prohibits the holding of regular parliamentary elections under martial law. And from the point of view of the experience of the pandemic-2020, this discussion should be legally accurate between the banning of these elections and the postponement of these elections in the Constitution of Ukraine. The importance of this clarification for the resolution of this debate, as well as for the legislative provision of the future post-war parliamentary elections, is emphasized. A significant difference in the legislative support for these upcoming parliamentary elections was revealed, depending on whether the regular parliamentary elections were prohibited by the Constitution of Ukraine during martial law, or not prohibited, but postponed. Each of these options has been analyzed. It has been clarified that in the event of the postponement of the regular parliamentary elections during the period of martial law, the future first post-war parliamentary elections will be the same regular elections of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the tenth convocation, which should have been held on October 29, 2023. And in the case of a ban on holding these elections under during martial law, there is legal uncertainty regarding the type of these first parliamentary elections after martial law: they will be neither regular nor extraordinary, but they will be unknown. As a conclusion, the importance of continuing this debate around the newly refined dilemma between the banning of these elections and the postponement of these elections is stated. The importance of continuing to study relevant international experience is especially emphasized.

Some issues of ensuring the restoration of land in the conditions of the development of market relations

The article is devoted to topical issues of ensuring the restoration of land in the conditions of the development of market relations. The legislative support for the formation and development of the agricultural land market has been studied. Negative processes are analyzed in detail regarding the current state of lands, the most threatening characteristics of which are their degradation and desertification, and the reasons for the rapid deterioration of their condition in recent years. It is emphasized that the formation of the land market consists of two elements: the land market for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes. The concepts of "land turnover^ and "land marketn are defined. It is noted that the conversion of land plots is carried out both in the conditions of the establishment and development of market relations, and in the conditions of the absence of a land market. The problem of preserving the quality of land, soil fertility, their protection and timely restoration in the conditions of change of owners and tenants of agricultural lands in the conditions of the development of market relations is investigated. Scientific works of scientists on the solution of the specified problem are cited. The influence of the qualitative state of land on the value of land plots and the peculiarities of determining their normative and expert monetary assessment are analyzed. Attention is focused on recording the state of land in the relevant documentation. Attention is drawn to the legal consequences of accidental destruction or damage to the rental object by the user. The shortcomings of the legal provision of obligations of owners and users of land plots to restore soil fertility, as well as other useful properties of the land, are investigated. It is noted that failure by a land user, in particular a tenant, to fulfill its obligations to restore the quality of land is grounds for the compulsory termination of its rights to a land plot. Suggested ways of improving legislation in the specified area. Proposals have been made to establish the quality of the land plot at the time of its alienation. Attention is focused on ensuring effective state control over the timely restoration of land.

Characteristics and challenges of companion animal rescue organisations in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Aims To describe the characteristics of companion animal rescue organisations (CARO) in New Zealand; to describe current capacity, resource limitations and challenges of CARO with a particular focus on cats and dogs; and to explore support for creating a national database of CARO in New Zealand. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to CARO in New Zealand in May 2022. The survey asked about organisational characteristics, types and numbers of animals cared for, services provided, policies, staffing, funding sources, challenges, and attitudes towards a national database for rescue organisations. Descriptive statistics were provided for all quantitative study variables and free-text comments were analysed for common themes. Results The survey was completed by 106/208 (51%) known CARO distributed across the country. These CARO provided services to an estimated 59,874 homeless animals annually with 86/106 (81%) providing services to cats and/or dogs. Primary services provided by CARO who cared for cats or dogs included rehoming (72/86; 84%) and housing (70/86; 81%) animals. Intake was managed through a combination of strategies. Donations (72/86; 82%) were the main funding source. The 62 registered charities were more likely to report being funded by grants than the 23 non-charities (39/62 (63%) vs. 1/23 (4%); p < 0.001), and non-charities were more likely to self-fund (18/23 (78%) vs. 20/62 (32%); p < 0.001). Nearly half of the CARO that provided workforce information (35/72; 49%) had a workforce of 10 or fewer including volunteers. A total of 5,699 people worked for 86 CARO that care for cats or dogs of whom 4,847 (85%) were part-time volunteers. Of the 72 cat and dog CARO who provided workforce information, 57/72 (79%) relied solely on volunteers. The majority of all 106 CARO respondents (78/106; 73%) indicated they were likely to register on a national database of CARO, subject to addressing concerns about time required and information security. CARO respondents described challenges of insufficient funding, access to veterinary services, and a shortage of volunteers and foster homes, with additional concerns including a lack of public awareness, supportive legislation, and resources. Financial support (90/106; 85%) and policy change (76/106; 72%) were preferred support options. Conclusions This study highlights the significant role played by CARO in New Zealand and the challenges they face, emphasising the need for financial support, legislation, and initiatives extending beyond the rescue sector to reduce the number of animals being surrendered. The findings also suggest a willingness among CARO to participate in a national database.

Circular economy in supply chain management: a framework for database tool development to enhance sustainability

ABSTRACT The study surveys circular economy (CE) theoretical building blocks, conceptualisation, and practical implementation within the supply chain. A narrative review synthesises the knowledge and maps research in the CE field. There are six major building blocks: waste management, industrial ecology, bioeconomy, cradle to cradle, green supply chain management, and product-service system. The paper examines their role and their overlapping activity within the supply chain. This study also generates a database containing 43 circular strategies, based on different stages in the supply chain. Each strategy is marked by its contribution towards CE, such as resource conservation, narrowing the loop, slowing the loop, or closing the loop. The database can assist actors to implement possible circular actions and policy makers to formulate supportive legislation. This study contributes to the contention of CE and its implementation.

Перешкоди впровадженню теплових насосів у централізованому теплопостачанні

Today, heat pumps are recognized as one of the technologies that most contribute to the decarbonization of almost all spheres of modern society life, especially industry and energy. The integration of heat pumps into district heating is considered as an implementation of renewable energy technology that will enable the European Union (EU) to achieve its ambitious energy and climate policy goals for developing sustainable society. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize the EU experience in overcoming obstacles to the introduction of heat pump technologies in district heating and to determine the possibilities of its application in Ukraine. It was found that it is impossible to ensure the universal integration of heat pumps into district heating for all EU members, and an individual analysis is required for each EU country, taking all technical and environmental aspects into account. Obstacles to the large-scale implementation of heat pump technologies into district heating are of a complex nature. Complex obstacles require an integrated approach that simultaneously removes these obstacles and includes direct incentives, indirect taxes, technical standards, building codes, education, etc. An analysis of the experience of the EU countries (financial support, education and training, preferential tariffs for electricity for heat pump operation, EU regulations on energy efficiency of buildings, the EU directive on renewable energy sources, etc.) made it possible to identify obstacles to the widespread implementation of heat pumps in district heating. The main such obstacles are the high initial cost of heat pump equipment, the high cost of electricity, the high cost of connecting to electricity and heat networks, insufficient government incentives, the lack of domestic production of heat pumps and highly qualified personnel for their implementation. The proposed main preventive measures to overcome these obstacles are the creation of a State Program to stimulate the introduction of heat pumps; legislative support aimed at accelerating the introduction of heat pumps; creation of financial incentives for their implementation; state stimulation of production of heat pump equipment and professional training of operating personnel. This article is aimed at discussing directions for the formation of effective legislative and regulatory measures for comprehensive stimulation of the large-scale introduction of heat pumps in the district heating in Ukraine. Keywords: heat pumps, renewable energy sources, district heating, implementation, obstacles, overcoming.