Foundation Support Research Articles

Study on Influencing Factors and Prediction of Tunnel Floor Heave in Gently Inclined Thin-Layered Rock Mass

In recent years, the construction of new railway tunnels worldwide has become increasingly challenging due to larger cross-sections, deeper burial depths, higher in situ stress, and more complex geological conditions. During both construction and operation, some tunnels have encountered significant issues with floor heave. This paper begins by identifying the primary causes of deformation and instability in tunnel floor structures through an investigation and statistical analysis. It then examines floor heave across more than 20 railway lines, summarizing the types, generation mechanisms, and mechanical models associated with this issue. Additionally, extensive survey data indicate that tunnel floor heave is most likely to occur in gently inclined thin-layered rock masses. Therefore, using a tunnel passing through the plate suture zone in such a rock mass as a case study, numerical simulations, theoretical analyses, and on-site monitoring were conducted. This study systematically analyzed the influence of single and multiple factors, as well as the mechanical behavior of the support system, on tunnel floor heave in gently inclined thin-layered surrounding rock. Furthermore, several key models were proposed: a tunnel floor heave estimation and load formula based on a mechanical model, a dynamic relationship between surrounding rock support force and tunnel floor heave using the Nishihara model, a tunnel floor settlement estimation formula based on deformation statistics, and a tunnel floor heave energy prediction model utilizing the B-P neural network algorithm. These conclusions have been validated and widely applied in practical engineering, providing a robust theoretical foundation and technical support for future tunnel construction.

The Effect of The Business Foundation Support Program on Art Major College Start-Up Behavior: Duplicate Mediated Effect of the Entrepreneurship and the Willing of Startup

The Effect of The Business Foundation Support Program on Art Major College Start-Up Behavior: Duplicate Mediated Effect of the Entrepreneurship and the Willing of Startup

The Reach and Impact of a Positive Youth Development Program (Project P.A.T.H.S.) in China and Beyond: Review and Reflection

AbstractThere are few validated positive youth development (PYD) programs in different regions of China. Utilizing 15 PYD constructs extracted from effective programs in the United States and with the support of the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, colleagues from five universities in Hong Kong developed the P.A.T.H.S. Program in Hong Kong. In the past two decades, the research team trained 9,415 potential program implementers, supported the implementation in 300 + high schools in Hong Kong (357,839 participants) and evaluated the impact of the project. Because of its overall success, the P.A.T.H.S. Program was transplanted to mainland China with the support of the Tin Ka Ping Foundation, with adaptation of the curriculum materials. Before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the research team also trained 1,589 teachers and related professionals, provided guidance on the implementation in 30 + schools (84,000 + participants), and evaluated the impact of the program. This paper reviews the achievements, effects, and impact of the P.A.T.H.S. Program in China and beyond. It also highlights several observations and reflections regarding the future development of positive youth development programs in China as well as around the globe.

Analysis of Impact Crushing Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Based on Fractal Theory

The fractal theory can effectively describe the complexity and multi-scale of concrete under impact load and provide a scientific basis for evaluating concrete’s impact resistance. Therefore, based on the fractal theory, this study carried out the fragmentation size analysis by weighing the quality of SFRRAC fragments, disclosed the distribution characteristics of impact fragmentation size of steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SFRRAC) specimens under different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio, different steel fiber (SF) contents and different impact pressures. The results indicate that the fractal dimension can describe the degree of fragmentation of the specimen. The greater the fractal dimension, the more the amount of fragmentation of the specimen subjected to impact load, the lesser the fragmentation size, and the greater the degree of fragmentation. Under the impact load, the fractal dimension of SFRRAC is between 1.36 and 2.28. As the impact pressure increases, the energy consumption increases, and the fractal dimension decreases. With the growth in replacement ratio, the fractal dimension gradually increases, and the energy consumption is negatively correlated with the fractal dimension. Along with the growth of SF content, the energy consumption gradually increases, and the fractal dimension continuously decreases. A new metric angle is provided to explore the inherent law between the impact-crushing characteristics of SFRRAC and the dynamic load, thereby offering foundational support for the application of SFRRAC in practical engineering.

Correlated Equilibria in Large Anonymous Bayesian Games

We consider multipopulation Bayesian games with a large number of players. Each player aims at minimizing a cost function that depends on this player’s own action, the distribution of players’ actions in all populations, and an unknown state parameter. We study the nonatomic limit versions of these games and introduce the concept of Bayes correlated Wardrop equilibrium, which extends the concept of Bayes correlated equilibrium to nonatomic games. We prove that Bayes correlated Wardrop equilibria are limits of action flows induced by Bayes correlated equilibria of the game with a large finite set of small players. For nonatomic games with complete information admitting a convex potential, we prove that the set of correlated and of coarse correlated Wardrop equilibria coincide with the set of probability distributions over Wardrop equilibria and that all equilibrium outcomes have the same costs. We get the following consequences. First, all flow distributions of (coarse) correlated equilibria in convex potential games with finitely many players converge to mixtures of Wardrop equilibria when the weight of each player tends to zero. Second, for any sequence of flows satisfying a no-regret property, its empirical distribution converges to the set of distributions over Wardrop equilibria, and the average cost converges to the unique Wardrop cost. Funding: This work was partially supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action 16228 GAMENET. F. Koessler acknowledges the support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant StratCom ANR-19-CE26-0010-01]. M. Scarsini acknowledges the support of the Gruppo Nazionale per l’Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni project [Grant CUP_E53C22001930001], the Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale [Grant 2022EKNE5K], and the European Union-Next Generation EU, component M4C2, investment 1.1 (Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza) [Grant P2022XT8C8]. T. Tomala gratefully acknowledges the support of the HEC foundation and Agence Nationale de la Recherche/Investissements d’Avenir [Grant ANR-11-IDEX-0003/Labex Ecodec/ANR-11-LABX-0047].

Self-report of symptom cluster experiences in cancer patient-caregiver dyads.

Symptom clusters have important health implications in the context of cancer, but the symptom cluster experiences of cancer caregivers and patient-caregiver dyads are not well studied. To date, most studies report statistically derived symptom clusters among patients and fail to consider the caregivers' experience. This study aimed to assess and characterize self-reported symptom cluster experiences in cancer patient-caregiver dyads. We recruited 30 patient-caregiver dyads from the outpatient oncology clinics at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Midwestern U.S. Participants completed web-based surveys reporting their symptom clusters at weekly intervals over 8weeks of cancer treatment. Among 48 eligible dyads, 30 (63%) agreed to participate, 29 provided data, and ≥ 80% (24 patients, 26 caregivers) completed the study. Twenty-eight patients (97%) and twenty-two caregivers (76%) reported experiencing symptoms in clusters. There was substantial variability in the symptoms reported, perceived causality, and directional relationships among symptoms, however both patients' and caregivers' frequently described symptom clusters with psychoneurologic components (co-occurring pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, lack of appetite and/or cognitive disturbance). Symptom clusters were perceived to have a moderate impact on patients' daily lives and a mild-to-moderate impact on caregivers' daily lives. Dyad members experienced and successfully self-reported symptom clusters, with psychoneurologic symptom clusters prevalent among both patients and their caregivers. Self-report of symptom cluster experiences provides unique insight relevant to clinical management. Findings provide foundational support for development and testing of dyad-based interventions to mitigate symptom clusters and their negative impact on daily life among cancer-patient caregiver dyads.

PENERAPAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN SIKAP KEMANDIRIAN PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI KEGIATAN OUTDOOR LEARNING DI SMP ISLAM CENDEKIA HARAPAN TUNGGORONO JOMBANG

Education is a basic need that humans need. Education is an effort in the form of teaching, training and guidance to prepare students for the future. Islamic religious education is a subject developed from the basic teachings of the Islamic religion. Based on the problems above, this research has 3 objectives related to the research focus of the Application of Islamic Religious Education Values ​​in Improving Students' Independent Attitudes Through Outdoor Learning Activities at the SMP Islamic Cendekia Harapan Tunggorono Jombang. The aim of the research is to describe the application of PAI values ​​in increasing students' independent attitudes, describe the application of PAI values ​​in increasing students' independent attitudes through outdoor learning activities, supporting and inhibiting factors. In this research, researchers took a qualitative research method approach. In this research the researcher took the type of field research and descriptive research. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. In general, according to the opinion of the resource person above, the inhibiting factors are facilities, the condition of students, and a community environment that is less supportive. Broadly speaking, the supporting factors are the support of students and foundations.

The Target Detection of Wear Particles in Ferrographic Images Based on the Improved YOLOv8

An enhanced YOLOv8 algorithm is proposed in the following paper to address challenging issues encountered in ferrographic image target detection, such as the identification of complex-shaped wear particles, overlapping and intersecting wear particles, and small and edge-wear particles. This aim is achieved by integrating the main body network with the improved Deformable Convolutional Network v3 to enhance feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, the Dysample method is employed to optimize the upsampling technique in the neck network, resulting in a clearer fused feature image and improved precision for detecting small and edge-wear particles. In the head network, parameter sharing simplifies the detection head while enhancing convergence speed and precision through improvements made to the loss function. The experimental results of the present study demonstrate that compared to the original algorithm, this enhanced approach achieves an average precision improvement of 5.6% without compromising the detection speed (111.6FPS), therefore providing valuable support for online monitoring device software foundations.

Adaptations and early adoption of a family caregiver intervention in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System: A multimethod pragmatic approach for national scaling.

To examine the relationship between site-level adaptation and early adoption of Caregivers Finding Important Resources, Support, and Training (FIRST) training during national implementation across diverse Veteran Health Administration (VA) medical centers. We enrolled and evaluated 25 VA medical centers (VAMCs). Along with administrative data on site characteristics, we examined site-reported data on adaptations and intervention adoption, defined as ≥4 training classes delivered to ≥5 caregivers at 6 months from April through October 2022. A type III hybrid implementation-effectiveness cluster randomized controlled trial, randomized VAMCs 1:1 to receive foundational (low-touch) implementation support (n = 12) or the addition of enhanced (high-touch) implementation support (n = 13). At key implementation phases, VAMCs were asked to report adaptations including content, contextual modifications (format, setting, personnel, and population), and training of providers. We describe site-level adaptations by arm and by organizational characteristics that included VAMC complexity level, staffing, rurality, and organizational readiness to change. We used qualitative comparative analysis to identify unique adaptations that contributed to intervention adoption at 6 months. VAMCs randomized to receive enhanced support reported slightly more adaptations than those randomized to foundational support. At 6 months, VAMCs with two or more adaptations adopted Caregivers FIRST at a higher rate than those with fewer adaptations (90% vs. 44%). Staffing adaptations (e.g., who delivered the intervention), format and content (e.g., modified delivery pace), and referring provider training were unique adaptations to adopting sites. Site-level adaptations were diverse and occurred more frequently in sites with early adoption of Caregivers FIRST. Future research should identify best practices of supporting and monitoring intervention adaptation. Understanding the role of adaptation in early adoption success could assist other healthcare systems in implementing interventions for caregivers.

An economical preparation strategy of magnetic biochar with high specific surface area for efficient removal of methyl orange

Magnetic biochar (MBC) was obtained from pepper straw by impregnation-microwave pyrolysis method. The pyrolysis temperature and FeCl3 impregnation concentration were investigated on the structural properties of MBC and the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) in water. Characterization results showed that pyrolysis temperature and iron species significantly increased the specific surface area of MBC, which could reach the maximum of 2038.61 m2/g, and also provided more active adsorption sites by promoting the generation of graphitized structures and surface polar functional groups. MBC0.2–900 was selected as the adsorbent for MO with the maximum adsorption capacity reached 437.18 mg·g−1, 3.4 times higher than the virgin biochar. The adsorption process was dominated by chemisorption as well as spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption mechanisms included pore-filling interaction, π-π EDA interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid-base electron interaction. In addition, MBC also exhibited excellent separability and reusability as a low-cost adsorbent. This study provided some theoretical foundation and technological support for producing high-performance biochar and developing pollutant removal technology in wastewater.

Evolutionary game analysis and efficiency test of water pollution control driven by emission trading: Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China

Presently, China is actively endorsing the pilot initiative for the remunerative use and trading of emission. By examining the operation and efficacy of emission trading in the context of water pollution control, one can contribute to the advancement and refinement of this system, thereby facilitating the attainment of regional pollution reduction, carbon reduction, and high-quality development objectives. In pursuit of this objective, we develop a theoretical framework for the local government and sewage enterprises evolutionary game of water pollution control, which includes two scenarios without considering and considering emission trading for studying the influencing factors and evolution trajectory of the game subject's. Through the stability analysis, the game interactive mechanism, the difference in evolutionary trajectory, and the response logic of the decision-making body in different situations become clearly visible. Further, the system sensitivity factors are analyzed by solving the partial derivation of the area formula of the phase diagram. And the efficacy of the sewage trading system in water pollution control in Zhejiang Province is empirically examined at the micro level by adopting the trading data of the first pilot area of sewage trading in the country and the case of pollution control in Jinhua City. The research reveals the following conclusions: Under specific circumstances, emission trading can incentivize businesses and even industries to enhance pollution control measures as a whole. The performance and degree of sensitivity factors vary across gaming systems, with public reputation evaluation and central government inspection serving as positive constraints. The initial cost of paid use of emission permits, as a fixed cost component for firms to address pollution, has no effect on the enterprises' behavioral actions to satisfy emission regulations. The findings can furnish local governments with a theoretical foundation and decision support in order to optimize regulatory strategies and enhance pollution control policies.

Entry-to-Practice Rehabilitation Competencies and the Rehabilitation Competency Framework: A Gap Analysis

ObjectivesThe demand for rehabilitation services is rising globally, necessitating a well-prepared and diverse rehabilitation workforce. The World Health Organization developed the Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF) to guide the development of contextually based competencies for various rehabilitation professions. This study systematically compared the entry-level competencies of different rehabilitation professions with the RCF, thereby discerning commonalities and gaps. By exploring these comparisons, the aim was to identify overlapping competencies and areas for collaboration, potentially informing the creation of unified educational materials to support the development of rehabilitation professionals. DesignThe competence frameworks of audiology, occupational therapy, physical and rehabilitation medicine, psychology, physiotherapy, prosthetics and orthotics, rehabilitation nursing, and speech and language therapy were researched online. In cases where international standards or competencies were unavailable online, expert colleagues in the related field were consulted to confirm the absence of an international document. A nationally recognized and freely available document was selected to represent the profession if no international document was found. The frameworks were then mapped to the RCF domains. SettingDesk-based research. ParticipantsNot applicable. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresNot applicable. ResultsThe professional documents demonstrated a stronger alignment with the competencies outlined in the RCF activities. The practice and professionalism domains showed the greatest congruence with profession-specific competencies, whereas the learning and development, management and leadership, and research domains had varying levels of alignment. This consistency in mapping may be attributed to the profession-specific competencies’ focus on the fundamental entry-level knowledge, skills, values, and abilities essential for delivering safe and effective patient care. ConclusionsThe mapping exercise revealed that competencies in the profession-specific frameworks primarily focused on individual-level skills for effective patient care rather than societal-level impact, such as acting as rehabilitation advocates. The study provides valuable insights into the alignment between profession-specific competencies among the rehabilitation professions. Identifying commonalities and gaps can facilitate the development of shared educational resources for foundational support across diverse rehabilitation disciplines. This effort can contribute to building a robust and unified rehabilitation workforce capable of meeting the emerging health needs of diverse populations worldwide.

Text classification for distribution substation inspection based on BERT-TextRCNN model

With the advancement of source-load interaction in the new power systems, data-driven approaches have provided a foundational support for aggregating and interacting between sources and loads. However, with the widespread integration of distributed energy resources, fine-grained perception of intelligent sensing devices, and the inherent stochasticity of source-load dynamics, a massive amount of raw data is being recorded and accumulated in the data center. Valuable information is often dispersed across different paragraphs of the raw data, making it challenging to extract effectively. Distribution substation inspection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of the power system. Traditional methods for inspection report text classification typically rely on manual judgment and accumulated experience, resulting in low efficiency and a significant misjudgment rate. Therefore, this paper proposes a text classification method for inspection reports based on the pre-trained BERT-TextRCNN model. By utilizing the dense connection between the BERT embedding layer and the neural network, the proposed method improves the accuracy of matching long texts. This article collected 2,831 maintenance data for the first quarter of 2023 from the distribution room, including approximately 58 environmental testing data, 738 environmental box testing data, approximately 672 distribution room testing data, and approximately 1,363 box type substation testing data. A text corpus was constructed for experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model automatically classifies a large volume of manually recorded inspection report data based on time, location, and faults, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.7%, precision of 92%, recall of 92%, and F1 score of 90.3%.

Prediction of the fundamental viscoelasticity of asphalt mixtures using ML algorithms

The complex modulus (E*) and phase angle (δ) are fundamental viscoelastic (VE) properties of asphalt material, crucial for pavement performance analysis and modeling. This study presents a novel approach to predict the fundamental VE properties of asphalt mixtures using 20 study mixes with disparate mix design information including different Performance Graded (PG grade) binders, recycled asphalt (RAP) contents, with/without polymer modifications, and mix volumetric properties. By employing the XGBoost model for feature importance analysis, integrating the Bailey method to streamline gradation information, and utilizing master curve shape parameters for modeling, this study has effectively reduced data redundancy and dimensionality. Among four machine learning (ML) models compared, the Multi-Hidden-Layer Backpropagation Neural Network (Multi BP) model demonstrates superior applicability to the asphalt mixture dataset, providing accurate predictions for VE properties at any temperature and frequency combinations. Notably, this predictive model relies solely on the mixture design information as inputs, minimizing the need for laborious laboratory experiments. The developed model can be integrated with Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) design, predicting the variations in rutting and cracking performance of asphalt mixtures over the entire service life. This provides essential foundational input support for long-lasting pavement design.

Transverse vibration of laminated-composite-plates with fillers under moving mass rested on elastic foundation using higher order shear deformation theory

Usually, the laminated-composite-plates (LCPs) are strengthened by altering the constituents. The use of nano-particles as filler is a new approach in this regard. Here, flyash and graphene are used as fillers in epoxy-based woven E-glass fabric-reinforced LCPs. The LCPs are often subjected to moving mass/load in use and it becomes necessary to study their stability. Further, foundation support has an important role in structural stability. Here, the response of LCPs resting on elastic foundations to a moving load is studied. A fifth-order plate-theory based on Eringen’s non-local model for LCPS with filler is followed and validated with finite-element-analysis (FEA) and other literature. The effect of the intensity of moving mass, its position on LCP, speed, the material variant, foundation constant, and damping ratio on the dynamicity of LCPs is then reported. It is observed that masses moving on the LCP induce instability with frequency loss (FL) and increased dynamic amplitude ratio (DAR) in vibration. LCPs with the least FL and maximum DAR are more stable. Further, LCP with flyash (FLCP) is highly unstable with 18.5% FL for 10% moving load and GLCP (LCP with graphene) is the most stable (6% loss). Meanwhile, the DAR for GLCP is maximum (16.13%) at 140 m/s critical velocity of moving mass. Increasing the Pasternak co-efficient increases foundation stiffness and frequency whereas Winkler’s parameter has a negligible effect. The foundation without damping oscillates more critically (with a maximized DAR of 1.92) in comparison to the foundation with a damping ratio of 0.1 (DAR of 1.17).

Development and Improvement of Celebrity Foundations in China

As a form of contemporary philanthropic organizations, celebrity foundations have emerged as a new entity in the field of social charity. Supported by the personal identity and influence of celebrities, the development of celebrity foundations is significantly influenced by their fame and impact. Compared to traditional foundations, celebrity foundations possess broader influence and quicker fundraising capabilities. However, Chinese celebrity foundations also encounter challenges during operation, such as excessive reliance on celebrity effects, insufficient management capabilities, lack of transparency, and insufficient specialization. In response to these challenges, celebrity foundations should improve in the following aspects: firstly, celebrity foundations should moderately separate from celebrities and establish their own brand and credibility. Secondly, internal governance structures need further enhancement, with increased supervision and standardization of fund utilization and project management, as well as collaboration with professional teams to provide more specialized support for celebrity foundations. Lastly, talent recruitment and cultivation should be emphasized to establish a specialized team belonging to the foundations brand, thus enhancing the foundations management level and operational efficiency.

Development and Improvement of Celebrity Foundations in China

As a form of contemporary philanthropic organizations, celebrity foundations have emerged as a new entity in the field of social charity. Supported by the personal identity and influence of celebrities, the development of celebrity foundations is significantly influenced by their fame and impact. Compared to traditional foundations, celebrity foundations possess broader influence and quicker fundraising capabilities. However, Chinese celebrity foundations also encounter challenges during operation, such as excessive reliance on celebrity effects, insufficient management capabilities, lack of transparency, and insufficient specialization. In response to these challenges, celebrity foundations should improve in the following aspects: firstly, celebrity foundations should moderately separate from celebrities and establish their own brand and credibility. Secondly, internal governance structures need further enhancement, with increased supervision and standardization of fund utilization and project management, as well as collaboration with professional teams to provide more specialized support for celebrity foundations. Lastly, talent recruitment and cultivation should be emphasized to establish a specialized team belonging to the foundations brand, thus enhancing the foundations management level and operational efficiency.

Identification and Derivation of Emerging Contaminants in the Roof Rainwater Confluence

To identify emerging contaminants （ECs） in rainwater is a topic that has gradually received widespread attention. Rainwater resources, specifically urban roofs, play a crucial role in utilizing rainwater efficiently by understanding the occurrence and migration characteristics of pollutants in precipitation. This study selected a typical roof and studied the differences in rainwater quality and pollution occurrence at different collection stages during six rainfall events from March to May in 2023. Principal component analysis （PCA） and correlation analysis were used to explore the distribution, migration, and transformation of ECs in the collection process of roof rainwater. The findings revealed the presence of 44/54 ECs in wet deposition, dry and wet deposition, and roof runoff processes, with a total concentration range of 63.0 to 432.4 ng·L-1 and an average concentration of 166.8 ng·L-1. Notably, bisphenol A （BPA） exhibited the highest concentration, ranging from 14.7 to 265.6 ng·L-1, with an average concentration of 62.5 ng·L-1, followed by ofloxacin （OFX） and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate （EHMC）, with detected concentrations up to 45.5 ng·L-1 and 44.8 ng·L-1. Dissolved organic matter （DOM）, nitrogen pollutants, and particulate matter were important factors affecting the occurrence characteristics of ECs, with a mantel correlation coefficient of up to 0.98 （P<0.01）. Based on the analysis of different rainfall events and collection stages, variations were observed in the accumulation pathways and contribution ratios of different pollutants. The wet deposition exhibited the highest content of ECs in the initial stage, whereas the dry and wet deposition and roof runoff processes displayed higher ECs content in the later stages. Additionally, the average ECs contribution rates of dry and wet deposition to roof runoff were 21.48% and 78.52%, respectively. Due to the influence of roof material and surface roughness retention performance, over 30% of ECs, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products （PPCPs）, endocrine-disrupting compounds （EDCs）, and pesticides, were deposited on the roof during the runoff collection. The results of this research can provide the theoretical foundation and technical support for the identification and control of ECs in urban roof runoff and for the safe storage of rainwater.

Performance and microbial community in a constructed rapid infiltration system with hydrochar and coke as filler for advanced treatment of N, N-dimethylformamide

In this study, the treatment of wastewater with N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was carried out by a constructed rapid infiltration system (CRIS). The decontamination efficiency of the system with different fillers was investigated and the microbial communities and metabolic pathway were also analyzed. It was indicated that the removal of COD and DMF in the hydrochar-coke group (RA) and coke group (RB) were 58.91–59.93 % and 71.89–51.46 %, respectively. Compared with the influent, the average NH3-N concentration in the effluent increased by 77.04 % and 55.09 %, and the average removal rate of NO3--N by the two group was 72.95 % and 62.04 %, respectively. The abundance of DMF-degrading Paracoccus (5.10 %, 21.01 %) in the hydrochar and coke layers in RA was higher than the coke layer of RB (0.44 %), indicating that hydrochar promoted the growth and propagation of DMF-degrading bacteria. Hydrochar promoted the expression of gene PFK (0.2113 %), GADPH (0.3038 %), IDH (0.1832 %) and MDH (0.1758 %). In nitrogen metabolism, the relative abundance of glutamine synthetase was the highest. This research provided a theoretical foundation and technical support for the treatment DMF wastewater by CRIS.

Research on adaptive penetration characteristics of space harpoon based on aluminum honeycomb buffer

To address the issues of high impact and limited adaptability in capturing space debris with space harpoons, a novel harpoon capture device based on aluminum honeycomb buffering was proposed. The issue of excessive impact force for harpoons could be effectively addressed by the excellent energy-absorbing characteristics of aluminum honeycomb. A simulation model was established to analyze the penetration of space harpoons into aluminum alloy target plates using Johnson-Cook’s dynamic constitutive model and fracture failure criteria. Ground experiments were conducted to validate the correctness of the simulation model. The impact of aluminum honeycomb was investigated by analyzing the simulation results of harpoons with and without aluminum honeycomb. With the introduction of aluminum honeycomb as a buffering component, the rebound velocity of the harpoon decreased by 76.2 %, and the impact force reduced by 78.6 %. Then the model was used to study the influence of different launching angles and different targets on the penetration characteristics of the space harpoon. The research findings indicate that space harpoons could successfully penetrate and capture aluminum alloy targets at a launch velocity of 53.1 m/s to 58.5 m/s, as determined through ground experiments and simulation analysis. The error in the crushing height of the aluminum honeycomb was found to be 2.19 %, while the error in the harpoon penetration depth was 9.02 %. Moreover, within a launch angle error of 10°, space harpoons also demonstrate the capability for adaptive capture of both aluminum alloy plates and aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels, with average correction capabilities of 92.5 % and 95.5 %. In conclusion, the analysis of the adaptive penetration characteristics of space harpoons provides a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the design of harpoon capture systems.