National Policy Support Research Articles

Evolution of Palliative Care in the Department of Veterans Affairs: Lessons from an Integrated Health Care Model.

Palliative care (PC) is beneficial, however, in many settings it is under-resourced and unable to consistently meet the needs of patients and their families. A lack of national health policy support for PC contributes to underutilization and the low value care experienced by many patients with serious illness at the end of life. Through a series of transformative health care structure and process improvements including developing robust initiatives and promoting institutional culture change, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has significantly improved the quality of PC among veterans. VA's strategic simultaneous top-down and bottom-up approach to develop programs, policies, and initiatives provides important perspectives and deserves attention toward advancing PC in the broader U.S. health care system. Although opportunities for improvement exist, the comprehensive framework within VA should help inform the future of program development and serve as a model for integrated and accountable care organizations to emulate.

Innovation in Informatics to Improve Clinical Care and Drug Accessibility for Rare Diseases in China.

Background: In China, there are severe unmet medical needs of people living with rare diseases. Relatedly, there is a dearth of data to inform rare diseases policy. This is historically partially due to the lack of informatics infrastructure, including standards and terminology, data sharing mechanisms and network; and concerns over patient privacy protection. Objective: This study aims to introduce the progress of China's rare disease informatics platform and knowledgebase, and to discuss critical enablers of rare disease informatics innovation, including: data standardization; knowledgebase construction; national policy support; and multi-stakeholder participation. Methods: A systemic national strategy, delivered through multi-stakeholder engagement, has been implemented to create and accelerate the informatics infrastructure to support rare diseases management. This includes a disease registry system, together with more than 80 hospitals, to perform comprehensive research information collection, including clinical, genomic and bio-sample data. And a case reporting system, with a network of 324 hospitals, covering all mainland Chinese provinces, to further support reporting of rare diseases data. International standards were incorporated, and privacy issues were addressed through HIPAA compliant rules. Results: The National Rare Diseases Registry System of China (NRDRS) now covers 166 rare diseases and more than 63,000 registered patients. The National Rare Diseases Case Reporting System of China (NRDCRS) was primarily founded on the National Network of Rare Diseases (NNRD) of 324 hospitals and focused on real-time rare diseases case reporting; more than 400,000 cases have been reported. Based on the data available in the two systems, the National Center for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of Orphan Medicinal Products (OMP) has been established and the expert consensus on HTA of OMP was produced. The largest knowledgebase for rare disease in Chinese has also been developed. Conclusion: A national strategy and the coordinating mechanism is the key to success in the improvement of Chinese rare disease clinical care and drug accessibility. Application of innovative informatics solutions can help accelerate the process, improve quality and increase efficiency.

The Economic Phenomenon Behind the Education in China, and the Development Prospects and Suggestions for Vocational Education in China

This article analyzes the education system and its current situation in China. It has been pointed out that the exam-oriented education with the college entrance examination as its main content leads to the scarcity of high-quality educational resources and the unfair distribution of educational resources. It also leads to the economic phenomenon where parents, schools, students, and other education-related industry chains are engaged in a fierce competition for educational opportunities. In addition, this article also points out the strategic significance of vocational education for China’s future talent development in addition to the national policy support for vocational education. In conclusion, the future development of vocational education is bright and of great significance to China’s education system.

Priming for individual energy efficiency action crowds out support for national climate change policy

The uptake of actions to mitigate climate change at the household level might crowd out subsequent policy at the national level, which is problematic because national policy often has a larger mitigation potential than individual household measures. This study analyses crowding out between the uptake of low-cost actions and the support for national climate change policy in the agricultural sector. In the experimental set-up, survey respondents were primed to think about the implementation of low-cost mitigation practices and subsequently asked to express support for national mitigation policy. The results show a crowding-out effect between individual mitigation measures and support for national policy. Individuals with high levels of worry show a stronger crowding out effect. This study contributes to building understanding of when and why crowding out occurs in order to help frame and communicate future climate change policy.

Applying of Fatwa in the Case of Islamic Banking in Court: A Study of the Development of Islamic Banking in Indonesia

This research generally aims to examine the things that need to be considered in advancing Islamic banking. The research method used to achieve the research objectives is a qualitative research design with a research strategy through case analysis, data collection methods in interviews, and data analysis methods in analytical content. This study recommends how the Islamic banking in expanding the Islamic banking market. Based on the research, in general, there are 3 main agendas that need attention in advancing Islamic banking, namely national policy support, expansion of Islamic economic and financial institutions, and the last is education and inculcation of Islamic economic values and concepts.

Identifying Nutrient Patterns in South African Foods to Support National Nutrition Guidelines and Policies.

Food composition databases (FCDBs) provide the nutritional content of foods and are essential for developing nutrition guidance and effective intervention programs to improve nutrition of a population. In public and nutritional health research studies, FCDBs are used in the estimation of nutrient intake profiles at the population levels. However, such studies investigating nutrient co-occurrence and profile patterns within the African context are very rare. This study aimed to identify nutrient co-occurrence patterns within the South African FCDB (SAFCDB). A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 28 nutrients and 971 foods in the South African FCDB to determine compositionally similar food items. A second principal component analysis was applied to the food items for validation. Eight nutrient patterns (NPs) explaining 73.4% of the nutrient variation among foods were identified: (1) high magnesium and manganese; (2) high copper and vitamin B12; (3) high animal protein, niacin, and vitamin B6; (4) high fatty acids and vitamin E; (5) high calcium, phosphorous and sodium; (6) low moisture and high available carbohydrate; (7) high cholesterol and vitamin D; and (8) low zinc and high vitamin C. Similar food patterns (FPs) were identified from a PCA on food items, yielding subgroups such as dark-green, leafy vegetables and, orange-coloured fruit and vegetables. One food pattern was associated with high sodium levels and contained bread, processed meat and seafood, canned vegetables, and sauces. The data-driven nutrient and food patterns found in this study were consistent with and support the South African food-based dietary guidelines and the national salt regulations.

Consumer Preferences for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Based on the Text Mining Method

The construction of charging infrastructure has a positive effect on promoting the diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs). This study uses natural language processing (NLP) technology to explore consumer preferences for charging infrastructure from consumer comments posted on public social media. The findings show that consumers in first-tier cities pay more attention to charging infrastructure, and the number of comments accounted for 36% of the total. In all comments, consumers are most concerned about charging issues, national policy support, driving range, and installation of private charging piles. Among the charging modes of charging piles, direct current (DC) fast charging is more popular with consumers. The inability to find public charging piles in time to replenish power during travel or high energy consumption caused by air conditioning is the main reason for consumers’ range anxiety. Increasing battery performance, improving charging convenience, and construction of battery swap station are the main ways consumers prefer to increase driving range. Consumers’ preference for charging at home is the main reason for their high attention to the installation of private charging piles. However, the lack of fixed parking spaces and community properties have become the main obstacles to the installation of private charging piles. In addition, consumers in cities with different development levels pay different amounts of attention to each topic of charging infrastructure. Consumers in second-tier and above cities are most concerned about charging issues. Consumers in third-tier and above cities pay significantly more attention to the installation of private charging piles than consumers in fourth-tier and fifth-tier cities. Consumers in each city have almost the same amount of attention to driving range.

Faculty Performance Improvement in Distance Education: Causes of the Performance Deficiencies (Part I)

This study aims to investigate the causes of the performance deficiencies of distance faculty in Turkey and to design interventions for performance improvement accordingly. This article presents the first part of this comprehensive study: causes of the performance deficiencies. The externality–tangibility (E-T) model of human performance guided the study, and grounded theory research design was employed. The participants were all stakeholders of distance education (DE): DE experts including the national policy makers, the faculty, administrators, students, and support staff. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, through observations on distance courses, and from the relevant documents. Interview schedules were developed separately for each participant group. The gathered data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis, and the findings of the first part are presented here by using Ishikawa diagrams. These findings reveal diverse but interrelated causes of the deficiencies classified according to the nine elements of the E-T model.

Modeling the Internal Control Constraint of University Research Funding System

With the in-depth development of the trend of scientific and technological innovation and the implementation of the “Double First-Class” strategy, universities shouldering the scientific research task are constantly promoting the development of scientific research projects with the support of national policies and the scientific research funds are also significantly increased. However, due to the defects of the existing internal control system of scientific research funds in universities, scientific research corruption cases occur frequently. Therefore, it is urgent to build a strong internal control system of scientific research funds to meet the development requirements of the “Double First-class” strategy. For this reason, this paper uses the method of case study, combines the five elements of the COSO internal control system and the internal control norms of Chinese administrative institutions, selects three typical cases of university research corruption, and finally constructs the internal control constraint model of university research funds. This model puts forward suggestions to improve the internal control system of the scientific research funds in universities from four aspects of environmental constraint, psychological constraint, control constraint, and regulatory constraint. Through the construction of the model, it is expected to provide some reference for the construction of the internal control system of scientific research funds in universities.

The development and main achievements of clinical trials for anti-cancer investigational new drug in the past 60 years in China (1960-2020)

Medical oncology is a subject characterized by drug therapy. Continuous research and development (R&D) of high-efficiency and low-toxic anti-cancer drugs is the premise of the development of medical oncology. Clinical trials play an indispensable role in the process from drug R&D to application, which determines the success or failure of a new drug. The clinical trials for anti-cancer investigational new drug (IND) in China began in 1960, and have developed rapidly since 2008. With the guidance and support of national policies, as well as involved by all aspects of the society, the R&D of anti-cancer drugs in China has changed from imitation to innovation. China innovative anti-cancer drugs have been widely recognized in the world, and more and more new domestic anti-cancer drugs have been used in clinical practice, bringing benefit to Chinese cancer patients. This article reviews the development of the clinical trials for anti-cancer IND in China from 1960 to 2020, and the main achievements having been made in the past 60 years. A thorough understanding of this history will help us keep in mind the mission and grasp the direction, as to make more achievements when implementing the strategy of "Healthy China" .

Improving Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Production in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

Recent prolonged dry periods and lack of irrigation water have severely affected the productivity of coffee farms in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. This paper analyzes the efficiency of irrigation water use for Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in the Lam Dong province. A Cobb–Douglas production function was used to determine coffee productivity’s response to the application of irrigation water and other production factors using data collected from 194 farmers, while the technical efficiency (TE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were analyzed using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The correlation of different factors to IWUE was determined using the Tobit model. The production function analysis using Cobb–Douglas shows that the volume of irrigation water, amount of working capital, labor, and farm size significantly influence coffee productivity. Indigenous farmers are more efficient in utilizing irrigation water than migrant farmers. The Tobit result indicates that farmers’ experience, education level, the distance of farm to water sources, security of access to water sources, extension contact, and credit access significantly affect IWUE. The study findings further suggest that mitigating water shortages in coffee farms require subregional and national policy support such as better access to credit and extension services, training, land management, and household-level efforts to improve farming practices through the application of appropriate technologies and traditional knowledge.

Industry Chain and Technology Trends in China’s Solid-state Battery Industry

Solid-state battery is different from traditional lithium-ion battery, which is a kind of battery using solid electrode and solid electrolyte, and it has the advantages of high safety, long life, high charging and discharging efficiency, good high temperature resistance, simple assembly and processing, and easy to scale up. This paper first analyzes the industrial chain of solid-state batteries in China and the stakeholders in the process of industrial development, and finally draws a technology roadmap for the development of China’s solid-state battery industry based on industrial characteristics. In the future, along with energy transformation and national policy support, the focus should be on solid state electrolytes for solid state batteries, and gradually realize the development path of solid state battery electrolytes from liquid state of traditional lithium-ion batteries to solid-liquid hybrid, gel, solid state, and all-solid state.

Study on the response of ecosystem services to land use

In recent years, the urbanization process in counties has been accelerated due to the support of national policies. The depth and breadth of land use changes in counties have been strengthened, and the value of ecosystem services has been significantly degraded. In order to realize the sustainable development of county ecological environment, it is especially urgent to grasp the impact of different land use types in the county on the value of ecosystem services within a certain period of time. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing satellite images to obtain county land use classification data, the changes in the value of ecosystem services in Nanping City between 1995 and 2015 were explored in depth. The results of the study showed that the total value of ecosystem services in each region changed significantly in different time periods, among which, in 1995, the total value of ecosystem service types in Jian’ou City was the highest. In 2015, the value of ecosystem services in Songxi County decreased the most, amounting to 13.98 billion yuan, while other regions had different degrees of increase. Each regional service type has the highest value of functions such as soil formation and protection, water conservation, gas regulation and biodiversity conservation, while all the food production functions have the lowest value.

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF A PILOT REDD+ PROJECT FOR MASITO COMMUNITY FOREST RESERVE, KIGOMA, TANZANIA FOR 2012-2017: MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVES

Motivation/Background: Management directives form the basis on which management prescriptions are set. The directives range from the general ones at global level to the local site-specific level. The current paper presents management directives of a forest management plan for implementation of a pilot REDD+ project for Masito Community Forest Reserve, Kigoma, Tanzania for the period 2012-2017.Method: The work mainly involved review of relevant documents enriched by discussions with project management. The directives were also discussed at a forest management planning workshop that involved members from the community-based organization that managed the target forest.Results: The results are organized under sections for (1) global initiatives, policy statements and directives - focusing on the REDD+ strategy; (2) national initiatives, policy statements and directives. This focuses on national forest policy support for community based forest management and national REDD+ framework and strategy. (3) Management objectives and their management tools, which focus on statement of objectives, forest management zones and forest management unitsConclusions: The management directives formed the basis for the activities planned for the forest for 2012-2017. Also, the management directives should be used as baseline information for assessment of achievement of the planned activities.

The Problems and Countermeasures of Financial Management of Chinese Enterprises in the Construction of “One Belt One Road”

<p>At present, many experts and scholars in my country have devoted themselves to the discussion of the problems and solutions of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of “One Belt One Road”, to provide theoretical guidance for the development of enterprises, but due to the country’s management policies and laws and regulations for SMEs, there are still deficiencies. With the emergence of internal management factors of enterprises, a large number of loopholes and problems have appeared in the financial management system of SMEs. In order to effectively improve these problems, this article focuses on analyzing the current situation of SME financial management, exploring its existing problems and combine scientific financial theory and practical results and the enterprise’s own reform plan and the support of relevant national government policies which enable SMEs to seize development opportunities with the support of the government, optimize the internal management policy of the enterprise, establish and improve the financial management mechanism, and pave the way for the stable development of the enterprise.</p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></p>

On the Mechanism of Green Economy and Green Finance

Low-carbon green development is an important part of high-quality socioeconomic development, in line with the Basic Law of socioeconomic development. Green economy refers to the high-quality development with emphasis on greening, recycling and sustainability in the process of social economic development. Green finance refers to the financial service activities such as investment and financing, project operation and risk management carried out by various actors to promote the development of green economy for projects in the fields of environmental protection, energy conservation, clean energy, green transportation and green building with the support of national policies. Green economy is the foundation and premise of green finance, and green finance is an important driving force of the development of green economy.

Cultural industries in emerging economies under the background of economic globalisation and information networks

This article uses a variety of survey methods to conduct investigations and analyses the proportion and economic benefits of cultural industries in China's emerging markets in the past five years, as well as the impact of new cultural industries and economic industries in the context of economic globalisation. The research results show that in the total economic output value, the proportion of new cultural industries is getting higher and higher, which stems from the support of national policies. However, it also inevitably has some shortcomings, such as the rigid content form of some cultural industries, which is inconsistent with consumer psychology; the level of industrial clusters is low, the market environment problems are prominent; the protection of intellectual property rights is not strong enough, and infringements occur from time to time, etc. Only by solving these problems can the cultural industry achieve healthy and substantial development.

Cultural industries in emerging economies under the background of economic globalisation and information networks

This article uses a variety of survey methods to conduct investigations and analyses the proportion and economic benefits of cultural industries in China's emerging markets in the past five years, as well as the impact of new cultural industries and economic industries in the context of economic globalisation. The research results show that in the total economic output value, the proportion of new cultural industries is getting higher and higher, which stems from the support of national policies. However, it also inevitably has some shortcomings, such as the rigid content form of some cultural industries, which is inconsistent with consumer psychology; the level of industrial clusters is low, the market environment problems are prominent; the protection of intellectual property rights is not strong enough, and infringements occur from time to time, etc. Only by solving these problems can the cultural industry achieve healthy and substantial development.

Analysis of energy consumption status and development trend of cold chain logistics

As a new industry, cold chain logistics has attracted much attention. Under the strong support of national policies, the development of cold chain logistics has entered the fast lane. This study takes the energy consumption of cold chain logistics as the research object, uses the the energy consumption benchmark evaluation model of regression analysis to present the current situation of energy consumption of cold chain logistics from different dimensions, puts forward the contradictions and problems existing in the current development based on the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis method. Finally, the development trend of cold chain logistics energy consumption is predicted and relevant suggestions are put forward. The purpose of this paper is to find out the rule of effect of each factor on energy consumption in cold chain logistics, and to provide the direction for energy-saving measures in production.

Research on the Educational Guarantee System and Promotion Strategies of “Professional Entrepreneurship Integration” in Colleges and Universities

The education guarantees system of “professional entrepreneurship integration” in colleges and universities is a necessary guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of the integration of professional education and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. This research systematically analyzes the integration mechanism of professional education and entrepreneurship education, clarify the difficulties and barriers of the integrated development of professional education and entrepreneurship education, and explore and build a “professional entrepreneurship integration” education security system in colleges and universities. Through systematic consideration of the leading force of national policy support and legislative support, the peripheral assistance of enterprise-level financial support and platform support, and the environmental protection of social-level cultural support and service support, explore the “professional entrepreneurship integration” of the country, enterprise, and environment in universities The important supporting role of education. This research is helpful to promote the sound development of “professional entrepreneurship integration” education, and provides reference and basis for the formulation of teaching reform policies and research on teaching reform methods of the competent departments of entrepreneurship education in universities.