Local Government Support Research Articles

Factors influencing provision of basic emergency obstetric care services in Luzon, Philippines

The basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) strategy was designed to provide evidence-based interventions at the primary level to control maternal and newborn mortality. With less than a decade until the conclusion of the sustainable development goals, much work remains to be done in the Philippines to achieve the set target on maternal mortality. Recognition of the determinants affecting its implementation may elucidate what still needs to be addressed. This study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers to accessibility of quality BEmONC services. Eight focus group discussions consisting of BEmONC providers were conducted from February to April 2021. These were recorded, transcribed, then translated into English. Data then underwent thematic analysis using NVivo to identify emerging themes and subthemes. There were 102 health care providers who participated in the study. There were four main themes emerged: institutional capacity, service capacity, personnel capacity, and external factors. Each had its corresponding subthemes, such as infrastructure, human resources, referrals, and local government support, respectively. Factors and/or barriers to each subtheme were identified during the discussions. The study provided important insight on the factors influencing BEmONC utilization. Focal points recognized may be used by policy makers and key stakeholders to allow optimal provision of BEmONC services.

Identifikasi Lokasi Potensial dan Prioritas Pengembangan Agroindustri Aren di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

Sugar palm is a plantation crop that has benefits economic, ecological, social and cultural, but the exploitation of palm sugar is generally still taking the results of plants that grow naturally. Identification of the distribution of sugar palm plants needs to be done to obtain priority locations for the development of sugar palm agro-industry. The potential location shows that the sugar palm has a comparative and competitive advantage compared to other plantation commodities. Comparative and competitive advantages can be determined using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Differential Shift (DS) methods, while the priority for developing sugar palm agro-industry products is determined by the exponential comparison method with criteria 1) market potential, 2) environmental sustainability and waste minimization, 3) availability of raw materials and supporting material, 4) local government support, 5) human resource capability, 6) availability of applicable technology, 7) competitiveness of similar products and substitute products, and 8) efficiency of production costs. The results showed that the potential location of sugar palm plants were found in five districts in Tasikmalaya Regency, among others Ciawi districts, Cigalontang districts, Jamanis districts, Jatiwaras districts, and Sukahening Districts. The priority of developing agroindustry products based on the analysis of the corresponding exponential comparison method is palm sugar (10.21), palm fruit (10.20), palm fiber (10.19), ant sugar (10.17) and palm starch flour (10.06).

Cashew apple in Tanzania: status of utilization, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development

Cashew apples, although widely available and rich in nutrients are still underutilized after harvest in Tanzania. Approximately 2,327,000 metric tonnes of cashew apples are lost each year. Their counterpart, the cashew nut is highly appreciated and successfully contributes to the national economy. The huge underutilization of cashew apples is a challenge that requires urgent attention in order to achieve both national and global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Improvement of the cashew apple sector could have a positive impact on global SDGs 1, 2, and 3 targets of no poverty, zero hunger, and good health and well-being respectively. At national level, this sector could contribute to the goals of the Tanzania Development Vision (TDV) 2025, namely: high quality livelihood, particularly food self-sufficiency and food security; and a strong and competitive economy, particularly a diversified and semi-industrialized economy with a substantial industrial sector comparable to typical middle-income countries. In addition, the country’s Third Five Year Development Plan III (FYDP III) 2021/22 – 2025/26 has established key strategic interventions, notably those related to competitive industrialization, energy, and food and nutrition security to ultimately achieve the goals of the TDV 2025. To be effective, however, these strategic interventions require continued strong central and local government support and active involvement of stakeholders to ensure program effectiveness yielded towards efficient utilization of widely available natural resources such as cashew apples which has cross-cutting benefits in food, agriculture, health, energy, and economic perspectives. Therefore, the work provides evidence on the utilization status, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development in Tanzania.

Can city brand reduce urban air pollution? — An empirical research based on “National Civilized City” in China

Brand contains great value in modern economic society. The selection of “National Civilized City” (NCC) in China is a good opportunity to study the city brand value. This paper takes the certain cities selected as NCC as a quasi-natural experiment, using multi-period Difference-in-Difference (DID), Propensity Score Matching (PSM-DID), and instrumental variable (IV) method to empirically analyze the impact of NCC selection on urban air pollution over the period 2011–2019. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) being selected as the “National Civilized City” can significantly reduce the concentration of PM2.5, SO2, CO2, and the estimated results of PSM-DID and IV method are basically consistent with the benchmark regression results; (2) Mechanism analysis indicates that NCC selection can reduce air pollution by promoting technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading; (3) with the expansion of urban scale and the improvement of economic development, the effect of civilized cities on air pollution governance is also enhanced. The conclusions of this paper can provide academic support for local governments' actions to improve city brand value, and provide corresponding policy implications for different types cities to build a civilized, environmental friendly and livable urban environment.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Factors Influencing Regional Wage Level Differences in China

Based on the data of China Urban Statistical Yearbook (2019-2021), this paper analyzes the effects of economic development, science and technology innovation, higher education, openness, and the role of government on regional wage differences in China based on the theoretical basis of urban economics. The paper uses instrumental variables estimation, Zou test, Gini coefficient decomposition, factor analysis, Markov chain and other methods to draw a preliminary conclusion that all factors except openness have a significant positive effect on wage level, while openness does not have a significant effect. This paper gives suggestions based on the mechanism of influence, pointing out the important role of local government support in raising the wage level.

Moringa Leaf-Based Gastronomic Tourism in Taro Village, Gianyar, Bali

The COVID-19 pandemic which has destroyed all tourism in Bali itself, has had implications for the emergence of various businesses to survive, various efforts were made. After the pandemic ended, the rate of development of the number of tourist attractions in Bali increased. That became a challenge for villages that already had existing tourist destinations. Gastronomic tourism is another alternative for tourists to enjoy processed foods that are considered healthy, so that it becomes a potential for diversifying a tourist destination to be sustainable. This study aims to look at tourism potential and analyze the model of developing gastronomic tourism in Taro Tegallalang Village, Gianyar Bali. This study uses a qualitative method with a critical descriptive approach, so that most of the data obtained from qualitative data are mostly sourced from observations, literature studies and in-depth interviews. This study concludes that the potential for gastronomic tourism there is quite high, by taking the following steps: involving local farmers in providing Moringa plantations, requiring strong support and role of local government, maximum involvement of Pokdarwis, synergy with tourism businesses, mapping potential candidates. tourists, and making various tourist routes so that they are not boring.

Three-Dimensional Vulnerability Assessment of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Based on Comprehensive Drought Index and Vulnerability Surface: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China

Agricultural drought is a major problem facing China’s agricultural production. In this study, the cash crop ‘peanut’ was used as an example to explore vulnerability. Through the atmosphere–plant–soil continuum system, a single index that could represent different types of droughts affecting peanuts was selected and weighted using the CRITIC weighting method to construct a multi-source data fusion drought index (MFDI). Then, Pearson correlation analysis between the comprehensive drought index and relative meteorological yield and the Mann–Kendall trend test for different growth periods of peanuts were used to verify MFDI and analyze the variation over time. A three-dimensional vulnerability assessment method of drought intensity–drought duration–yield reduction rate was established based on the run theory and trend surface analysis. The results show that the constructed multi-source data fusion drought index (MFDI) can more accurately characterize the actual drought conditions of peanuts in Shandong Province. The MFDI results showed that the drought severity in the coastal areas of the study area decreased with the growth and development of peanuts, while the drought became more severe in the western and northern parts during the late growth period of peanuts. The vulnerability surface of the drought intensity–drought duration–yield reduction rate showed that when the drought intensity was < 0.8 and the duration was < 3.5 months, the vulnerability of peanut crops was low, and then with the increase in drought intensity or duration, the vulnerability increased. The impact of drought duration cannot be ignored. In contrast to traditional vulnerability assessment methods, this study established a three-dimensional vulnerability surface, which provides a new approach for agricultural drought vulnerability assessment. The research results are helpful for a deeper understanding of the relationship between drought and crop vulnerability and provide scientific support for local governments in formulating disaster prevention and mitigation policies.

Karakteristik dan Kinerja Subakabian di Tiga Kabupaten Anggota MPIG Kopi Arabika Kintamani

Compared to subak, subakabian literature/study is still rarely considered in development. In fact, sub-abian plays an important role in the development of one of the leading commodities in Bali, namely Kintamani Arabica Coffee which has received geographical indication certification since 2008. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and performance of sub-abian in the three regencies of MPIG Kintamani Arabica Coffee, as well as compare the characteristics and subakabian performance between the three districts. Characteristics and performance of the subakabian were identified based on Mackay's theory, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through the RRA approach and the calculation of economic impact analysis. The results showed that the subakabians in the research location had the characteristics of binding each other with the traditional village; have the right of autonomy; adaptive to technological developments; subakabaian manners are bound by professional, geographical, and historical unity; based on the philosophy of tri hita karana; based on the principles of togetherness and mutual cooperation; leadership and decision-making are democratic; neoclassical agricultural organization with low formalization; and legal norms with dominant social meaning in subakabian, namely customary law. Subakabian's performance has been effective in achieving its goals and efficiently using resources so as to be able to provide local economic impact. Differences in subakabian members of the Kintamani Arabica Coffee MPIG between Bangli Districts; Buleleng Regency; and Badung Regency is only concerned with local government support and technical implementation of social culture.

PELATIHAN ADMINISTRASI PEMERITAHAN KELURAHAN BERBASIS ONLINE DI KECAMATAN NAMBO KOTA KENDARI TAHUN 2022

Community service activities integrated with thematic Real Work Lectures (KKN) of Halu Oleo University aim to contribute to the government and citizens, especially in public services in the midst of the New Normal period in Southeast Sulawesi. This activity is an online-based Urban Village Administration Training in Nambo District, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The method used in the Thematic KKN is carried out directly at the activity location. Students are active from the beginning to the end of KKN activities carried out in the domicile area. The results of community service activities through Thematic KKN for students provide information that the average village government apparatus does not yet know and understand how to use internet technology facilities in public services, especially in managing village administration online based. There is only 1 website in the sub-district and all kelurahan do not yet have a website. There has never been any technical training on website management for village officials. Local government support is very limited in providing resources in realizing online-based urban administration.

Community enforcement and tenure security: A fuzzy-set qualitative Comparative analysis of twelve community forest management initiatives in the Peruvian Amazon

The interest of policymakers in community management of tropical forests is ever growing. Yet, a large research body shows varied levels of success of community conservation initiatives. While policymakers often prioritize legal forest ownership, mostly land titles, consensus exists that success rather depends on a broader set of local institutional arrangements and their fit with the forest context. In this paper, we contribute to building theory on these institutional arrangements and their interaction. We apply a fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to case study data on 12 voluntary community conservation initiatives in northern Peru to explore the relationship between local enforcement, legal and alternative property rights, and conservation effectiveness. As recommended for QCA our case selection was intentional and the cases exhibit diverse conservation successes, geographic characteristics, legal and customary property rights, and enforcement mechanisms. We conclude that strong community enforcement mechanisms are indispensable for effective conservation in voluntary initiatives. Furthermore, we find for cases with strong enforcement mechanisms, that some government back-up, i.e., local government support for enforcement and/or legal rights to conserve the forest, significantly increases conservation effectiveness. Strong conservation enforcement tends to be present in communities with strong forest rules, leaders, and pre-existing community institutions. Our findings suggest the importance of paying close attention to community characteristics during project design and refraining from one-size-fits-all-solutions, such as focusing mainly on the presence of legal ownership rights over the forest. Instead, more focus needs to be placed on understanding existing community institutions and supporting communities to strengthen and adapt these for conservation enforcement, rather than imposing new arrangements. Finally, policymakers can help community enforcement institutions become even more effective, by providing them with legal rights to conserve the forest and by strengthening their relationship with local governments so that they receive support in situations they struggle to handle alone.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of High-Tech Innovations in Farming Shutchi Catfish. The Case Study of Can Tho City, Vietnam

Vietnam’s catfish farm is an important agricultural sector that generates over 1 million tons of food every year. The application of high-tech innovations is essential for the quick and sustainable development of catfish farm in Vietnam. However, there are both enablers and constraints that effects the decision of Vietnamese catfish farmers in applying new technology. This study aims to analyze the current situation and factors impacting farmers’ adoption of new high-tech innovations in farming Shutchi catfish at Can Tho city, Vietnam. Analyzing data from 120 Shutchi catfish farming households with the logistic regression, our results show that farming area, educational background of farmers, local government support, and local authority’s training have positive influence in the decision of farmers in accepting high-tech innovations, while number of farming years is a constraint of this process. The outcome would serve as the basis for proposals and recommendations to local authorities in order to enhance the effectiveness of promoting high-tech application in the farming of Shutchi catfish in Can Tho City, Vietnam.

Management of the Ministry of Religion in Improving Manasik Hajj Guidance in Jambi Province

This study aims to determine the management of the Head of the Office of the Ministry of Religion in order to improve the guidance of the pilgrimage in Jambi Province.The method used is a qualitative method, using a case study model in three offices of the Ministry of Religion, namely Jambi City, Kab. Tanjung Jabung Timur and Kab. Tebo. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documents. The results of the research findings indicate that the management of the Head of Kankemenag Regency / City has been carried out well at the planning stage, thanks to the support of the guidelines set by the Directorate General of PHU. Based on the SWOT analysis, the authors found: (1) strengths in the form of: regulation, the organizational structure of the Ministry of Religion, ASN human resources, the PHU head certified professional mentor, and public interest. (2) weaknesses in the form of: limited facilities and infrastructure, limited number of PHU Section personnel, and not yet optimal internal synergy at the Regency/City Ministry of Religion Offices. (3) Opportunities in the form of: local government support, PAOH budget, collaboration with related social and educational institutions, and certification of professional Hajj rituals supervisors. (4) Challenges/threats in the form of: low level of congregational education, large number of elderly congregants, limited guidance time with lots of materials, continuation of the COVID-19 Pandemic, abolition of the Hajj ritual guidance budget, weak utilization of online media.

The Effect of Destination Image on Tourist Satisfaction and Future Intention: A Case Study in Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam

This paper was conducted to explore the effects on visitors' future intention in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park. A quantitative approach was used as the main method to analyze statistical methods via the SPSS and AMOS software. This research was conducted on 313 visitors who have traveled to PN-KB National Park at least once. The results show that The Future Intention is directly affected by Destination Image and Tourist Satisfaction. Destination Image is affected by 4 factors: Travel Environment, Natural and Cultural Characteristics, Tourism for Infrastructure, and Local Government Support. In addition, Destination Image positively affects Tourist Satisfaction. This study also generated notable recommendations for PN-KB National Park as well as other research conducted in the future in the related industry.

How long do regional MICE events survive? the case of Busan, Korea

ABSTRACT The study examines survival times of regional meeting, incentive, convention, and exhibition (MICE) events by estimating hazard rates over time. Additionally, crucial factors for sustaining MICE events are investigated. This study utilized an innovative analytic technique—survival analysis. To estimate survival probability, 205 MICE events hosted in Busan, South Korea were collected. The survival analysis results showed the most important period for MICE-event survival is the first three years. Cox regression indicated local government support plays an important role in sustaining MICE events. However, four MICE-event themes related to main regional strategic industries had no effect on MICE-event survival.

Evaluasi Kinerja Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum Daerah, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Lubuk Sikaping Tahun 2016 sd 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial performance of the BLUD RSUD Lubuk Attitude from 2016 to 2022, identify the determinants of financial performance, and formulate what policies are needed to encourage the financial performance of the BLUD RSUD for the future. The sample used in this study is officials/employees who are considered experts and understand the financial problems of the BLUD RSUD. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 9 people. The analytical technique used in this study uses financial ratio analysis, compliance analysis, and the AHP method, to solve the problems encountered by formulating several priority policies and strategies with the Analytichal Herarchy Process method which will be useful and as consideration for the hospital management in . The results showed that the 2016 BLUD RSUD financial performance criteria were good or A, 2017 had A or good criteria, 2018 had moderate or BB criteria, 2019 had moderate or BBB criteria, 2020 had good criteria or A, and 2021 had good criteria or A. In addition, the main priority policies formulated to encourage financial performance are the aspect of human resources with a priority weight (57.09%), the second aspect of service with a weight (18,76%), the third aspect of regulation (13.98%), and the last aspect local government support (10.17%).

Scale Efficiency of External Factors to Productivity of Smallholder Palm Oil Agriculture

This study aims to evaluate palm oil productivity by the smallholders in Indonesia, which offered by particular external factors condition. This article consists of 400 smallholders from 5 different districts as respondents. Evaluation of the survey data was undertaken using inferential statistics, one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression methods. An increase of 1 USD income per day would translate to an increase of 2 kg of output. Local government support is more critical than the central government since it can boost up to 100 kg of output. Corporate support and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil certification help boosting the harvest up to 80 kg of output. The current farming association shows a sign of inefficiency. The plantation lifespan has a positive impact on output productivity, which will be achieved when the plantation lifespan has productive periods. That indicates that external factors affect the smallholder's productivity in its way.

Community Participation in Sustainable Tourism Management at Cemara Beach, Mojomulyo Village, Jember Regency

This study wants to know the extent of community participation and the role of government in community-based and sustainable tourism management in Cemara Beach, Jember Regency. This study uses qualitative research methods, with in-depth interviews with several key informants. The findings in this study include: First, the forerunner of the formation of Cemara Beach by people who care about the environment. Second, tourism as an alternative source of income for local communities. Third, the lack of local government support in coastal management. In short, the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration in managing sustainable tourism so that it has an economic impact on society and the environment is maintained

Skyland Paragliding Wuluhan Tourism Destination Development Strategy Using SWOT Analysis

The tourism sector can be a mainstay sector for Jember Regency. The existence of tourism potential needs the attention of local governments to be developed optimally. Problems that often exist in the world of tourism are supporting infrastructure and accessibility. Although Jember Regency has an airport as the entrance for tourists, the existence of tourist destinations needs infra-structure such as hotels, restaurants, promotions, and so on. A growing tourist destination is Sky-land paragliding in Wuluhan Subdistrict. Skyland paragliding tourist destinations carry the concept of aerospace sports and offer the beauty of the natural charm of the south side of Jember Regency. This research aims to analyze the strategy of developing Skyland paragliding tourism destinations using SWOT analysis techniques. The analysis method used is a qualitative approach, with snowball sampling data collection techniques. From the results of the SWOT analysis, Skyland paragliding tourist area is classified as able to compete competitively to be a tourist attraction in Jember Regency by maximizing the existing potential by building facilities, amenities, attractions, and accessibility to attract tourists. However, the lack of local government support, lack of inves-tors, and poorly organized management resulted in Wuluhan Paragliding Skyland tourism being less developed to the maximum

The influence of Opuntia ficus‐indica on human livelihoods in Southern Africa

Societal Impact StatementOpuntia ficus‐indica, commonly known as prickly pear, is a widely distributed plant originating in central America. Its wide distribution and popularity as a cultivated plant are due to the sweetness of its fruits. Here, the role of O. ficus‐indica in the livelihoods of people in Limpopo Province, South Africa, was investigated. Roadside traders of prickly pear were surveyed 2019–2020 using paper‐based questionnaires and a convenience sampling strategy. Evidence of O. ficus‐indica trading as a means to generate income was uncovered. Notably, none of the traders knew about invasive species. Future studies should seek to understand the motivations of purchasers. The extent to which rural communities use this species for food security and poverty alleviation is not fully understood.Summary The Opuntia ficus‐indica (whose fruits are traded in South Africa) is a species that is classified according to the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/2004) Alien and Invasive Species (NEM:BA A&IS) regulations as an invasive species. This study sought to provide an understanding of the socio‐economic value of O. ficus‐indica and the characteristic profiles of the people who trade with O. ficus‐indica in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. A convenience sampling strategy was conducted along trading roads in Limpopo province, and the data were collected by surveying traders' attitudes toward the prickly pear trade using questionnaires. Our findings show that at the time of sampling 72 traders participated in prickly pear trading along the roadside. Unemployment is cited as the primary reason for their involvement in trading. O. Ficus‐indica is an important fruit for rural communities in Limpopo province. It helps communities living below the poverty line to generate income and to support their livelihoods. Our study highlights the need for the establishment of a Prickly Pear Traders' Agency in order to promote the trade of O. ficus‐indica as a measure to generate income, alleviate poverty, and ensure food security. The paper concludes with recommendations for local government support for O. ficus‐indica traders through the formalization of the trade and through monetary support.

Impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation NDVI in China’s Mu Us Sandy Land during 2000–2019

There are many ecologically fragile areas similar to China’s Mu Us Sandy Land in the world, which are facing ecological and environmental problems, and improvement of its vegetation cover is essential to those regions’ sustainable development. In this study, spatiotemporal patterns in the Sandy Land’s vegetation cover between 2000 and 2019 were monitored using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data (MOD13A1-NDVI). Correlation analyses of regional climate change (precipitation and temperature) and NDVI-related land cover parameters, and quantified respective contribution rates using the residual analysis, indicated that: (i) accounted for 43.5% of the Sandy Land by area, zones of significant improvement in vegetation cover occurred predominantly in the east and southeast. In contrast, the Sandy Land’s central and northwest regions, accounting for 56.5% of their area, showed little change in vegetation coverage. (ii) in terms of overall trends in vegetation improvement, interannual changes in vegetation cover were highly spatially consistent: vegetation coverage was high in the east and south, but low in the central and western regions. (iii) within the Sandy Land, a correlation existed between NDVI and precipitation, and between NDVI and temperature, with the former being the stronger with a positive correlation across 99% of the Sandy Land. (iv) since zones with unchanged land cover contributed 85% of the change in NDVI, changes in the Sandy Land’s NDVI values were not related to changes in land cover types, but rather to the improvement of vegetation within land cover types. (v) the contribution rate of human activities to vegetation improvement was 62.68%, while that of climate change was 37.32%. These results can hopefully provide support for local government in the development of an ecologically sound environment.