Healthcare Support Workers Research Articles

Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a rapid serological test in health workers of a Spanish Department of Health in Alicante (Spain) before the booster dose of the vaccine

AimTo study the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers and healthcare support personnel after the administration of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). Materials and MethodsIn December 2021, we undertook a study in the Health Department in Orihuela, Alicante (Spain), which consists of 1500 workers. We collected demographic variables about the study participants, and we performed a “point-of-care” immunochromatography test to measure the presence of neutralizing antibodies (OJABIO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection Kit, manufactured by Wenzhou OJA Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) before the administration of the third dose of the vaccine. ResultsWe obtained complete information about 964 (64%) workers, which consisted of 290 men and 674 women. The average age was 45,8 years (min. 18, max. 68) and the average time since the last dose of the vaccine was 40,5 weeks (min. 1,71, max. 47,71). A total of 131 participants (13,5%) had suffered infection by SARS-CoV-2 confirmed using RT-PCR. The proportion of participants who showed presence of neutralizing antibodies was 38,5%. In the multivariable analysis, the time since the last dose of the vaccine (aOR week: 1,07; 95%CI: 1,04; 1,09) and previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 (aOR: 3,7; 95CI: 2,39; 5,63) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. ConclusionsThe time since the administration of the last dose of the vaccine and the previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38,5% of the healthcare workers and support workers.

Psychological adaptation among health care workers who work with trauma-exposed refugees in Greece.

Greek health care workers (HCWs) working with refugee and asylum-seeker populations may be at risk of trauma exposure and related distress. The current study sought to further understand the factors that may promote or hinder psychological adaptation among HCWs working with trauma-exposed refugee populations in Greece. Participants were HCWs (N = 20) who completed semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis procedures identified three main themes: vicarious traumatization, (b) mismatch of expectations, and (c) difficulty coping. Our study findings highlight the need to provide adequate training, supervision, and mental health support for HCWs to prevent mental health issues in this population. Additional studies are necessary to understand the long-term consequences of working with refugee populations and explore ways to assist HCWs with self-care.

Guía SIAC 2024 sobre rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes pediátricos con cardiopatías congénitas

The 2024 Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC) guidelines on cardiorespiratory rehabilitation (CRR) in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease aim to gather and evaluate all relevant evidence available on the topic to unify criteria and promote the implementation of CRR programs in this population in Latin America and other parts of the world. Currently, there is no unified CRR model for the pediatric population. Consequently, our goal was to create these CRR guidelines adapted to the characteristics of congenital heart disease and the physiology of this population, as well as to the realities of Latin America. These guidelines are designed to serve as a support for health care workers involved in the care of this patient group who wish to implement a CRR program in their workplace. The guidelines include an easily reproducible program model that can be implemented in any center. The members of this Task Force were selected by the SIAC on behalf of health care workers dedicated to the care of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. To draft the document, the selected experts performed a thorough review of the published evidence.

Protection of the Right to Health Care During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Southeast Asia: A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a public health crisis which affected all the fields including economic, social, humanitarian, and human rights fields. According to International human rights law and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the right to healthcare stands as a fundamental aspect of ensuring the right to life due to its inherent connection to human well-being. To measure the state of health care in a country, we should assess four criteria which are availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of healthcare services. Using doctrinal research and legal analysis, this paper aims to evaluate the status of the right to healthcare in Southeast Asia during the COVID-19. It is concluded that most Southeast countries effectively managed to control the spread of COVID-19. However, they grappled with challenges related to the availability, accessibility, quality, and acceptability of healthcare services. Therefore, this paper recommends that Southeast countries work to provide health care for all. As well as to take steps to achieve systemic reforms to improve the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of healthcare services. These improvements include Investment in healthcare infrastructure, equitable resource allocation, community engagement and health education, training and support for healthcare workers, and international collaboration among Southeast countries through (ASEAN) and collaboration with other countries and organizations. All these improvements are essential not only for future pandemic preparedness but also for ensuring the fundamental right to health care for all as stated by International human rights law and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

Managing diabetes and hypertension in western Kenya: A qualitative study of experiences of patients supported by the primary health integrated care for chronic conditions (PIC4C) model of care.

The Primary Health Integrated Care for Chronic Conditions (PIC4C) pilot project was launched in 2018 to strengthen prevention and control of four non-communicable conditions at primary health care level in western Kenya. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the extent to which PIC4C integrated services supported people with hypertension and/or diabetes towards timely diagnosis and referral, treatment, follow-up and adherence, from the perspective of those receiving care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposively sampled patient cohort at two time points, with the intention of capturing changes over time (total (n) = 43, completion of both interviews (n) = 37). We extracted existing survey data to describe socio-demographic characteristics and analyzed qualitative data thematically. We identified two cross-cutting contextual factors, individual's financial resources and their social situation, which shaped each stage of their interactions with PIC4C services. The PIC4C model successfully engaged people in accessing screening services to enable timely diagnosis and referred them to enter care. Free community level screening services and decentralization of care to lower level facilities reduced cost barriers for patients. However, retention in care and adherence to treatment were affected by the wider system context in which PIC4C was operating, including inconsistencies in medication availability and patients' limited financial capacity. Individually tailored advice from health care workers to work around some of these challenges supported self-management strategies. Further development of the service should focus on supporting health care workers to adopt flexible, contextually responsive approaches in order to support patients facing economic and other constraints to engage in (self) care.

Health Care Support Worker Status, Health Behaviors, Mental Health, and Preventive Health Care Use

This cross-sectional study compares the health behaviors, mental health status, and preventive health care usage of health care support workers (HSWs) with clinicians and the general population.

Barriers and drivers of positive COVID-19 vaccination behaviours among healthcare workers in Europe and Central Asia: a qualitative cross-country synthesis

Vaccination uptake is essential to controlling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a critical role in receiving, recommending and delivering COVID-19 vaccination. Understanding the specific influences on each behaviour enables the development of targeted and tailored interventions to improve vaccination uptake. This paper presents a qualitative synthesis of HCWs’ individual and context barriers and drivers to these three vaccination behaviours across 10 countries in Europe and Central Asia. Qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions with 378 HCWs between December 2020 and March 2022 were synthesised and organised by four COM (capability, physical and social opportunity, motivation) factors. Differences by stage of COVID-19 vaccine roll-out (in preparation, early and late delivery) were explored. Receiving vaccination related to all four factors. Recommending vaccination mostly related to capability and motivation. HCWs were generally well-informed by official sources and viewed vaccination as the way to end the pandemic, acknowledging their important role in this. Colleagues, family and friends were positive influences on personal vaccination decisions. However, knowledge gaps were evident, particularly amongst nurses who relied on (social) media. Concerns about safety and effectiveness, often connected to knowledge gaps, were heightened by the accelerated timeline for COVID-19 vaccine development and approval. This impeded some HCWs’ motivation to receive and recommend vaccination even in the later roll-out countries. Delivering vaccination was facilitated by support from public health organisations, teamwork and service re-organisation, more evident amongst later roll-out countries. Ongoing high workloads, stress and burnout hindered delivery. Complex and inter-related factors affecting HCWs’ vaccination behaviours were identified. These insights should inform the design of multifaceted interventions (e.g., communication skills training, management support for HCWs’ mental health, and engaging them in decision-making for service redesign); not only for COVID-19 vaccination as it is integrated into routine services but for routine immunization as a whole.

Healthcare workers' experiences with COVID-19-related prevention and control measures in Tanzania.

The ability of a health system to withstand shocks such as a pandemic depends largely on the availability and preparedness of health-care workers (HCWs), who are at the frontline of disease management and prevention. Despite the heavy burden placed on HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known regarding their experiences in low-income countries. We conducted a web-based survey with HCWs in randomly selected districts of Tanzania to explore their experiences with COVID-19-related prevention and control measures. The survey assessed implementation of COVID-19 control guidelines in health facilities, HCW perceptions of safety, well-being and ability to provide COVID-19 care, and challenges faced by frontline workers during the pandemic. We used multivariate regression analysis to examine the association between HCW and health facility characteristics, a score of guideline implementation, and challenges faced by HCWs. 6,884 Tanzanian HCWs participated in the survey between December 2021 to March 2022. The majority of respondents were aware of the COVID-19 guidelines and reported implementing preventive measures, including masking of both HCWs and patients. However, HCWs faced several challenges during the pandemic, including increased stress, concerns about infection, and inadequate personal protective equipment. In particular, female HCWs were more likely to report exhaustion from wearing protective equipment and emotional distress, while physicians were more likely to experience all challenges. While most HCWs reported feeling supported by facility management, they also reported that their concerns about COVID-19 treatment were not fully addressed. Notably, perceptions of protection and well-being varied widely among different HCW cadres, highlighting the need for targeted interventions based on level of exposure. In addition, various factors such as HCW cadre, facility ownership and COVID-19 designation status influenced HCWs' opinions about the health system's response to COVID-19. These findings highlight the importance of consistent implementation of guidelines and social and emotional support for HCWs.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers and Job Loss From a Gender Perspective in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant stress and anxiety among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. India is one of the countries severely impacted by the pandemic. This review explores the gender perspective of mental health conditions among HCWs and job loss during the pandemic in India. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for articles published till March 2021. Studies that reported the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and worry among HCWs in India during the pandemic and job loss in both males and females due to COVID-19 were included. We used a random-effects model to estimate pooled prevalence rates with 95% CIs. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. The meta-analysis included 11 studies; the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and worry among HCWs was 34.9% (95%CI 27.33, 42.47), 35.4% (95%CI 24.46, 46.33), 32.9% (95%CI 25.43, 40.37), and 42.87% (95%CI 25.83, 59.91), respectively. The pooled prevalence of job loss due to COVID-19 was 16.6% (95%CI 8.34, 19.66). We employed meta-regression and Egger's regression for publication bias. The meta-analysis findings suggest that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and worry among HCWs in India during COVID-19 was high. Furthermore, job loss due to COVID-19 has also been prevalent in India. These findings emphasize the need for mental health support for HCWs and those who have lost their jobs during the pandemic. It is essential to prioritize mental health and job creation policies in India to support individuals affected by COVID-19.

A74The use of simulation to support the upskilling of interprofessional teams providing an Urgent Community Response service (UCR)

An NHS provider had no established simulation education opportunities for community based allied health professionals (AHP). Urgent Community Response (UCR) teams are interdisciplinary teams, comprised of nurses, paramedics, physiotherapists and occupational therapists, who provide care to adults in their home to avoid hospital admission [1]. Older people experience effective high-quality care when a multi-skilled clinician, working across the usual professional boundaries, can effectively address their needs rather than requiring numerous other professionals to visit them at home. In this NHS Trust, intermediate care teams were required to include UCR referrals as part of their usual work. The physiotherapists and occupational therapists from these teams required upskilling to be able to safely support patients requiring this more acute and urgent level of care. Clinicians working in the community have limited opportunity to observe and learn from each other. Simulation is an evidenced based educational activity to support the development of new knowledge and skills required in interdisciplinary teams working in clinical settings [2]. It was hypothesized that interprofessional simulation would be an effective educational intervention to support this upskilling. A faculty was established which included a simulation educator; simulation technician; a practice development AHP; and a physiotherapist with clinical experience of working within this setting. Simulation scenarios were developed to reflect common referral presentations; the Skills for Health UCR Capability Framework [3]; and learning outcomes identified as priorities by the clinicians and service managers. The learning outcomes included applying an A to E assessment; the use of NEWS2 and the SBAR escalation tool when assessing an adult patient in their own home. A modified Kirkpatrick evaluation form was used to evaluate the training. Three simulation training events were offered. There were 26 participants overall with representation from physiotherapy, occupational therapy, nursing and healthcare support workers. There were fourteen evaluation responses to a modified Kirkpatrick evaluation form. The evaluation identified that simulation provided an opportunity to learn from other professions; supported the practical application of learning; debriefing provided a safe learning environment; and that the learning would lead to changes in their current practice (see Evaluation themes with supporting examples Simulation training events were evaluated by participants from an interprofessional community team as a safe, practical and effective way to support their upskilling to provide an UCR service. Simulation should be considered as part of an education package to support interprofessional teams upskilling to provide new services in a community setting. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable. This work forms part of a fellowship project funded by NHS England (South East) Workforce, Training and Education; with the Florence Nightingale Foundation and Canterbury Christ Church University.

A86Using Value Based Simulation to recruit high school students into the more difficult to fill roles within health and social care – contact author (Carla)

Simulation based education (SBE) has been used to help attract school students into healthcare previously but commonly this is in a try it and see format using manikins to gain insight into history taking or physical examination. Also traditionally we tend to focus on more traditional healthcare professions such as nursing medicine and physiotherapy as common examples. In our region we have been working closely with our national youth academy looking at novel ways to attract and recruit our young people into more difficult to fill roles within health and social care such as home care roles and healthcare support worker roles. There are many good examples across the general workforce where simulation training can aid successful transition into the work place [1]. We are aware that certain areas of health and social care are more difficult to recruit to and wondered if values-based simulation could aid successful recruitment in this area? An immersive simulation session was designed based on 2 scenarios with space for reflection on who am I and what matters to me as a human. The first scenario was based on a reablement opportunity and focussed in on mutual goal setting giving space to express needs in the social care environment. The young learner was able to explore what skills they had and whether they were true to their own values. The second scenario was based in a hospital and looked at a health care support worker accompanying a patient to theatre. The school students had a chance to practice active listening and looking after a person who was anxious. It was amazing to see the skill set that the young people brought to both scenarios. The session has been delivered in schools, colleges and a national event. There are plans to bring the immersive simulation session to recruitment fairs. The take home messages from the sessions have been in alignment with the individuals and social care core values reflecting compassion, motivational techniques and mutual goal setting. Comments such as ‘I am astonished that I could make a difference to that person’ and ‘I hadn’t thought about a career in social care before but now I know how rewarding it feels I’m considering it’ reflect these findings. We will also look at the effect on recruitment as we roll out and scale up the work. Immersive simulation respects the young person’s core values when enabling them to make meaningful and lasting choices about careers in health and social care. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

Launching Lavender Response Teams Across a Health Care System

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for real-time support of health care workers after a stressful event occurrence. Code Lavender has been used in several hospitals for this purpose for over a decade. With the evolution of health care to include large health care systems comprised of several hospitals and clinics, one intercity health care system determined there was a need to implement a Code Lavender across all of its in-patient hospitals simultaneously. This article describes how this organization accomplished this and may serve as a resource for other health care systems interested in establishing their own version of Code Lavender.

Turnover Intention determinants of EU hospital doctors and nurses: results from the METEOR survey

Abstract Background To contrast effectively the shortage of healthcare workers in the EU, it is essential to find the determinants of the intention to leave the hospital (ITL) by analyzing the role of burnout (BO), job satisfaction (JS), and other individual characteristics and working-related variables. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of ITL for physicians and nurses in Europe, to investigate the determinants of ITL, and to suggest possible job retention policies. Methods The METEOR survey is a cross-sectional study on 8 hospitals of Belgium, The Netherlands, Italy, and Poland. Data collection was from May to September 2022. The theoretical model was the Job demands-resources model and validated questionnaires were used. ITL was assessed as agreement with the sentence “I intend to leave my current hospital for another one in the near future” and the response items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Two multivariable logistic models for ITL were estimated for both physicians and nurses, including JS, BO, and workers’ individual and hospital characteristics as covariates. Results The study included 381 physicians, and 1351 nurses. Physicians and nurses who agreed with ITL were 17% and 9%, respectively. Logistic models for physicians showed that by increasing JS (OR = 0.31, p < 0.001) as well as age (OR = 0.91, p < 0.001), and living with partner (vs alone) (OR = 0.56, p < 0.039), the odds of ITL decreased. For nurses, the model revealed that by increasing JS (OR = 0.27, p < 0.001), as well as age (OR = 0.97, p < 0.001), and equipment (OR = 0.56, p < 0.039), the odds of ITL decreased. Conclusions Our survey showed high prevalence of ITL for both nurses and physicians. Recruitment and retention policies, at the micro/meso/macro-levels are needed. It is strategic to support healthcare workers’ categories at higher risk of ITL, such as the younger physicians and nurses. Key messages • Our survey found significant individual and work environment characteristics playing a role to explain ITL. • We provide an estimate of ITL prevalence of hospital physicians and nurses in EU.

Cost-of-living crisis impacts the nursing and midwifery professions.

The cost-of-living crisis is having a profound effect on many nurses, midwives and healthcare support workers across the UK. This piece explores how in-work poverty is affecting their capacity to provide care for others. It considers the impact on the workforce’s mental health and well-being and practical issues including access to digital technologies. It highlights the need for a nationally co-ordinated approach to providing sustained support to staff and patients during this time.

A Call to Address Gaps in Spiritual Care Education

These scoping reviews challenge the dissonance between policies on the delivery of spiritual care (SC) to clients in institutions and the education required to perform that delivery. The authors discovered a paucity of literature relating to Scotland regarding healthcare support workers’ SC education and little more regarding that for nurses. There were various gaps in the understanding of SC, planning in the curriculum for SC and subsequent learning by students. The conclusion of this article is that as SC is embedded in human rights policy and government health and social care standards, the educational and professional governing bodies should be responsible for ensuring that SC features in all healthcare training, which should include SC assessment in the curriculum as a way of learning and endorsing knowledge. Specialist knowledge should either be available in colleges and universities or brought in to deliver education.

Learning Experiences of Future Healthcare Support Workers Enrolled in a Dual Mode Vocational Training Programme.

With life expectancy increasing, there is a growing need to train healthcare support workers who provide care for dependent people in healthcare centres and at home. This qualitative study, based on Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy, aimed to understand the learning experiences of future healthcare support workers currently enrolled in an intermediate, dual modality vocational training programme with regard to caring for dependent people. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants, who were all students enrolled in an intermediate level vocational training programme in care for dependent people. Fourteen in-depth interviews and one focus group session were conducted with the students. Atlas.ti 8.0 software was used to analyse the participants' accounts. The students highlighted the vocational nature of their studies and the need to feel competent and useful as a healthcare support worker for dependent people. Practice-based learning and the need for training in core competences are complementary and essential elements of the training process. The participants' previous experiences were key in determining their academic trajectory and reflect their motivation and interest to learn. However, they feel vulnerable, unprotected, and lack training in psychosocial skills. Educational institutions should focus training programmes on the practice and development of psychosocial skills that motivate students to acquire transversal competences.

Suicide Risks of Health Care Workers in the US

Historically elevated risks of suicide among physicians may have declined in recent decades. Yet there remains a paucity of information concerning suicide risks among other health care workers. To estimate risks of death by suicide among US health care workers. Cohort study of a nationally representative sample of workers from the 2008 American Community Survey (N = 1 842 000) linked to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Age- and sex-standardized suicide rates were estimated for 6 health care worker groups (physicians, registered nurses, other health care-diagnosing or treating practitioners, health technicians, health care support workers, social/behavioral health workers) and non-health care workers. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of suicide for health care workers compared with non-health care workers using adjusted HRs for age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, education, and urban or rural residence. Annual standardized suicide rates per 100 000 persons (median age, 44 [IQR, 35-53] years; 32.4% female [among physicians] to 91.1% [among registered nurses]) were 21.4 (95% CI, 15.4-27.4) for health care support workers, 16.0 (95% CI, 9.4-22.6) for registered nurses, 15.6 (95% CI, 10.9-20.4) for health technicians, 13.1 (95% CI, 7.9-18.2) for physicians, 10.1 (95% CI, 6.0-14.3) for social/behavioral health workers, 7.6 (95% CI, 3.7-11.5) for other health care-diagnosing or treating practitioners, and 12.6 (95% CI, 12.1-13.1) for non-health care workers. The adjusted hazards of suicide were increased for health care workers overall (adjusted HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.13-1.54]), health care support workers (adjusted HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.35-2.42]), registered nurses (adjusted HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.21-2.23]), and health technicians (adjusted HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.02-1.89]), but adjusted hazards of suicide were not increased for physicians (adjusted HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.71-1.72]), social/behavioral health workers (adjusted HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.75-1.72]), or other health care-diagnosing or treating practitioners (adjusted HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.36-1.03) compared with non-health care workers (reference). Relative to non-health care workers, registered nurses, health technicians, and health care support workers in the US were at increased risk of suicide. New programmatic efforts are needed to protect the mental health of these US health care workers.

Nursing 12-Hour Shifts and Patient Incidents in Mental Health and Community Hospitals: A Longitudinal Study Using Routinely Collected Data

Shifts of 12 hours or longer are common in nursing services within general hospital wards. Concerns have been raised about their safety, but previous research has mostly used staff-reported measures of quality and safety and has occurred in general hospital settings only. This study aims to measure the association between the use of 12+ hour shifts in nursing staff (including registered nurses, healthcare support workers or nursing assistants, and nursing associates) and the rate of patient incidents in mental health and community hospitals. This is a longitudinal study using routinely collected data from two mental health and community NHS trusts in the South of England. We accessed rosters of nursing staff and patient incident data from April 2018 to March 2021. We extracted 1,018,971 shifts and excluded those not worked by nursing staff, with a final sample of 898,143 shifts. We extracted 53,078 incidents. We only included incidents that involved patients and that occurred in wards. Our final sample consisted of 38,373 patient incidents. We linked all patient incidents and nurses’ worked shifts at the ward-day level. Depending on the distribution of incident rates, we used either negative binomial mixed-effects models or Poisson mixed-effect models to investigate the association between the proportion of 12+ hour shifts and all patient incidents, violence against staff, falls, self-injury, disruptive behaviour, and medication management incidents at the ward-day level. We found a relationship between 12+ hour shifts and the incident rate. Compared to days in wards with no long shifts, increasing the proportion of long shifts was initially associated with a small increase in the overall rate of incidents, but the rate increased sharply as the proportion of long shifts was above 70%. Rates of self-injury increased more steadily as the proportion of long shifts increased. The mandatory implementation of long shifts should be discouraged.

Managing the healthcare support worker workforce post-pandemic: the organisational perspective Part 2/2

Managing the healthcare support worker workforce post-pandemic: the organisational perspective Part 2/2

Management Support for Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health and Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study

The aim was to examine mental health and burnout among frontline and critical care healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. A cohort study was conducted among frontline and critical care healthcare workers in hospitals with COVID-19 patients. Burnout of healthcare workers was high, and mental health was median. Differences in emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, depersonalization, satisfaction, and mental health were found during the COVID-19 pandemic. A positive correlation between emotional exhaustion with a higher number of patients, higher workload, higher concern for health, and workplace stress was established. At the end of the third wave, the number of healthcare workers with high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had decreased by one-third. When emotional exhaustion and occupational stress levels are high, psychologically supporting healthcare workers is essential to preserving their health and well-being.