Supply Side Of Tourism Research Articles

Research on Climate Change and Water Heritage Tourism Based on the Adaptation Theory—A Case Study of the Grand Canal (Beijing Section)

Water is at the forefront of climate change and is seen as a major channel through which the effects of climate change are felt. The function of water heritage is closely related to the water bodies on which it depends. Under climate change, the conservation and tourism uses of water heritage resources are facing impacts and challenges. Taking the Beijing Section of the Grand Canal of China as a case, this research applied the adaptation theory to explore the impacts of climate change on heritage tourism of the section of the Grand Canal in Beijing. It was identified that changes in the temperature and the precipitation formed climate-related stimuli to tourism along the Canal from 2012 to 2021 in Beijing. Second, from the supply side of tourism, policies were formulated at a national or municipal level to respond to the changing climate and its impacts on the Canal and its tourism uses. Natural-based solutions (NbS) have been applied to rehabilitate the ecosystem of the Canal, contributing to the enhanced tourism landscape, and providing opportunities for ecological education. Third, from the demand side, high tourism participation along the Canal was examined during the high-temperature years. Meanwhile, the increasing tourist needs for water spaces and activities were observed with evident seasonal patterns. Accordingly, suggestions for climate adaptation of the Grand Canal from a tourism perspective were proposed. For heritage conservation, actions of ecological restoration and monitoring should be further implemented. To assist in the climate adaptation and sustainable development of Grand Canal tourism, suggestions are proposed to enhance the overall tourism planning, increase water accessibility, and heritage interpretation for tourists.

Impact of Social Media in Rebuild Destination Image

The growth in the use of social media allied with increasing ownership levels of smart phones indicates that destination marketing organizations of small regional destinations need to pay greater attention to social media and its delivery systems including smart phones. Implications are discussed for managers and stakeholders of small regional destinations, who may find this study valuable in guiding their future social media marketing effort Social media play a significant role both on the demand and on the supply side of tourism allowing destinations to interact directly with visitors via various internet platforms and monitor and react on visitors ́ opinions and evaluations of services. The paper defines how social media and communications can utilized for the destination image rebuilding. It summarizes the main characteristics of social media with implication to destination communication strategy and it deals with changes in visitor’s ́ behaviour affecting the destination image. The main objective of the paper is to show that social media as a tool that can help destinations image rebuilding and to remain competitive.

Literature profiling on tourism, impairment and disability issues: A future directional guide.

South African tourism is evolving towards accommodating disabled people. Within the same standpoint, the country receives ageing tourists as a major international tourism market from the Global North, whose access needs are similar to disabled people. The present article explored 'blind and blank spots' in the extant literature on tourism-impairment disability as a synchronised field within academic research to provide theoretical insights and gaps for the disability-tourism research community to consider the composite concept instead of individualistic concepts. The objectives were: (1) to track knowledge development from 1990 to 2018 using a narrative literature review approach and (2) to justify future research areas previously overlooked and understudied within a tourism-impairments-disability perspective in South Africa and beyond. A narrative literature review search strategy was used. Keywords and synonymous terms were used in electronic searches of Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sabinet Online, Emerald Insights Journals, African Journals and Google Scholar. The literature screening process used predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria for the data source. Content thematic analysis was adopted for the present study. The findings reflect a dearth of tourism-impairments-disability research in South Africa. Nonetheless, there is an observable pattern of slow growth in research after the 2000s. The extant literature is skewed towards the tourism supply side and sporadic on tourism demand (tourist experiences), education and skills development. It is clear that the absence of scientifically developed knowledge on disability-impairments-tourism affects inclusive tourism growth. Therefore, the research community should consider disability-inclusive (accessible) tourism management, human resources and marketing practices and knowledge for teaching material in future research. The article mapped and provided insights that sets a research agenda for tourism research community to see the gaps in literature and/or knowledge for accessible tourism (disability-inclusive) tourism to be a game changer as found by UNWTO (2020) with low-resources setting. Thereby setting a tone towards call for more research that can uncover an economic narrative that shows a relationship between skills development, labour and consumer markets for the participation of diverse disabled persons as such is shown as understudied in Low-to-Middle income earning countries like South Africa.

관광실태조사를 토대로 한 안동시 관광 이미지 개선 연구

The importance of image in tourism has been revealed through many previous studies, but this is only a view of Andong tourism from the tourism supply side, and it is necessary to check whether tourists have the same perception. Therefore, in this study, based on the survey on the actual conditions of tourism for tourists who have visited Andong, the purpose of this study is to find a way to improve the tourism image of Andong.BR As a result of the study, Andong was insufficient to be called a representative historical and cultural tourism destination in Korea. Therefore, in order to induce (potential) tourists to Andong, it is necessary to establish and develop a tourism marketing strategy with a new image improvement as the core.BR First, it is necessary to boldly exclude elements that are not very helpful based on the image of Andong

Does firm efficiency matter in the hospitality industry?


 Purpose
 
 A leading characteristic of international tourists at every tourist destination is their role as foreign–income disseminator, and a large number of papers have been dedicated to exploring their behavior. In contrast, this paper aims to shed light on the supply-side of tourism through the study of a hotels’ ability to internationalize their businesses.
 
 
 
 Design/methodology/approach
 
 Based on each hotel’s input data, its efficiency was estimated by a data envelopment analysis approach. Then, the hotel’s intensity of demand from foreign guests was regressed against hotel efficiency along with firm’ control variables.
 
 
 
 Findings
 
 Results from Heckman correction model indicate that ordinary least squares regression would be subject to selection bias, and the results from the correction model strongly indicate a positive linkage between the hotel’s efficiency level and its foreign to total guest ratio, especially in the sub-sample of hotels located in non-tourist destinations. In addition, the results also reveal that the availability of certain services and facilities at hotels are positively related to the number of foreign guests, namely, a spa service and swimming pools.
 
 
 
 Originality/value
 
 Therefore, the main implications from this study are twofold. First, if a hotel’s target market is international travelers, a swimming pool and the availability of a spa service are essential features for hotels in Thailand. Second, policies to improve productivity in hotels should be simultaneously implemented along with tourist-destination-promotion campaigns to optimize the economic impact of international tourist arrivals.
 

The impact of tourism activity and some macroeconomic variables on economic growth in the kurdistan region of iraq

The Kurdistan Region of Iraq possesses a large variety of tourism constituents that help creating fertile environment for tourism, to determine the impact of tourism activity on the economy of the Kurdistan Region for the period (2007-2013). The study utilised the descriptive analysis method for the tourism supply side, represented by the number of hotels, restaurants, and tourism villages; whereas, the tourism demand side represented by the number of tourists. Moreover, on one hand, It was found that there is a compatibility between the tourist supply and the tourist demand, and on the other hand for the purpose of employing the quantitative approach, the annual data were converted into quarterly data, and the findings of statistical and econometric tests exhibited a positive impact of the tourism activity represented by tourism revenuesin economic growth, and the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables. Additionally, since the statistical value of the test (Jarque-Ber) at 5% significance level is smaller than that of the chi-square this means that the residuals of the model follow a natural distribution. Furthermore, working on increasing the volume of investments in the tourism sector and creating an appropriate and stable investment environment to ensure the contribution of the local and foreign investor in the sector are crucial. Tourism from an economic perspective is a productive sector and a source of financing for the national economy.

Does firm efficiency matter in the hospitality industry?

PurposeA leading characteristic of international tourists at every tourist destination is their role as foreign–income disseminator, and a large number of papers have been dedicated to exploring their behavior. In contrast, this paper aims to shed light on the supply-side of tourism through the study of a hotels’ ability to internationalize their businesses.Design/methodology/approachBased on each hotel’s input data, its efficiency was estimated by a data envelopment analysis approach. Then, the hotel’s intensity of demand from foreign guests was regressed against hotel efficiency along with firm’ control variables.FindingsResults from Heckman correction model indicate that ordinary least squares regression would be subject to selection bias, and the results from the correction model strongly indicate a positive linkage between the hotel’s efficiency level and its foreign to total guest ratio, especially in the sub-sample of hotels located in non-tourist destinations. In addition, the results also reveal that the availability of certain services and facilities at hotels are positively related to the number of foreign guests, namely, a spa service and swimming pools.Originality/valueTherefore, the main implications from this study are twofold. First, if a hotel’s target market is international travelers, a swimming pool and the availability of a spa service are essential features for hotels in Thailand. Second, policies to improve productivity in hotels should be simultaneously implemented along with tourist-destination-promotion campaigns to optimize the economic impact of international tourist arrivals.

A turisztikai foglalkoztatásban rejlő lehetőségek vizsgálata a nyugdíjaskorú munkavállalók jóllétének tükrében. Az esztergomi Duna Múzeumban és a Pécsváradi Várban készített mélyinterjúk tanulságai

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER Our research attempts to reflect on the demographic trend associated with the drastically changing age composition of the society, using the theoretical framework of well-being research while interpreting phenomena found in the practical field of seniors’ tourism employment in Hungary. Based on the lessons learnt in the Danube Museum in Esztergom and in the Castle of Pecsvarad, the goal of our research is to explore the impacts of involving elderly as employees, into the supply side of tourism, on their subjective well-being. METHODOLOGY Preliminary results of our three-year long research project are based on in-depth interviews with thirteen senior employees working in various positions related to tourism. Based on the thematic analysis of the transcripts significant differences can be identified among the senior workers across the four key emerging themes, which also makes the grouping of employees possible in terms of the scope of their activities, their contact with the visitors and the type of their daily tasks. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS Our results show that the capabilities, skills and experience of seniors involved in tourism services, make them well-suited for tasks of heritage presentation, and that employment in these positions is related to the well-being of these older workers. RECOMMENDATIONS The phenomenon of aging societies is a global trend nowadays, that requires highly proactive solutions. Although statistics undoubtedly and accurately predict the tendencies, political and economic decision-makers and the society itself are still lacking detailed and well-designed action plans in this regard. However, there is an unprecedented need to take into consideration the well-being of older people and focus our attention on incentives that are aiming to raise it. The results of our research project highlight the potential of domestic tourism industry for employing retired seniors in a way that contributes both to the well-being of the employees and represents value for the visitors. Acknowledgements: The study has been supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund within the framework of the EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 – „Sustainable, intelligent and inclusive regional and city models” project.

Virtual reality in tourism: a state-of-the-art review

PurposeEmerging technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), have been influencing both the tourism supply side and tourists alike. The purpose of this study is to analyse VR research in tourism and to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. As the technological connotation of the term VR has been changing and encompasses various VR systems with different capabilities, this paper aims to provide a systematic and structured overview. The overall objective of this paper is to contribute to a thorough understanding of VR research in tourism.Design/methodology/approachThis paper comprehensively reviews and analyses existing literature on VR in tourism, published from 1994 to February 2018. Using a wide variety of sources, these papers were examined so as to give a state-of-the-art literature review and to deepen one’s understanding of the diverse applications of VR in a tourism context. This paper also presents a novel classification of different VR systems according to the level of immersion and depicts their respective technological capabilities.FindingsThe advent of new VR hardware necessitates a distinction for different VR systems applied in the tourism sector. Research conducted during the past three years has been focussing on the application of head-mounted displays, which reflects the temporal development of VR technology. Regardless of the VR system, most studies examine VR as a marketing tool for promotion and communication purposes during the pre-travel phase, focussing on behavioural aspects. Advances in technology will yield new opportunities and application possibilities for the tourism industry.Originality/valueThe key contribution of this paper lies in its structural approach, which differentiates between non-, semi- and fully immersive VR systems in tourism, as well as the proposition of respective definitions. The concluding part of the paper proposes practical implications for tourism businesses together with directions for future studies.

Are Travel Agencies Ready for Accessible Tourism in Turkey? The Tendencies and Expectations of Travel Agencies as Supply Side of Accessible Tourism in Turkey

The number of disabled people, who have been called the world’s largest minority by International United Nations Organization, shall increase even further as the world’s population ages; the older generations are the greatest individuals at risk of becoming disabled. Because of increasing and reaching a large number of people with disabilities, it should form an important subject of attention for the tourism industry of the World and Turkey. The aim of this research is to determine the tendencies and expectations of travel agencies involved in the supply side of tourism. In this study, it was determined that travel enterprises did not regularly have special services devoted to disabled people, but they were able to offer solutions to the problems encountered by disabled people during travel. It was seen that travel agencies were not ready to accommodate the tourism needs of disabled people or, in other words, engage in accessible tourism.

Development of Social Media Strategies in Tourism Destination

Abstract Social media play a significant role both on the demand and on the supply side of tourism allowing destinations to interact directly with visitors via various internet platforms and monitor and react on visitorś opinions and evaluations of services. The paper defines the tourism destinations; characterizes the social media and communications in tourism. It summarizes the main characteristics of social media with implication to destination communication strategy and it deals with changes in visitorś behaviour affecting the destination marketing. The main objective of the paper is to show that strategies aligned with social media can help destinations to remain competitive. Selected best practices of social media campaigns are presented, and key elements of successful social media strategy are identified.

Community-based island tourism: the case of Boa Vista in Cape Verde

Purpose – This paper tries to explore the possibilities of developing sustainable, community-based tourism (CBT) in Boa Vista in Cape Verde, Africa. Island territories are generally considered preferential tourist destinations. However, the negative effects of tourism in these destinations should not be overlooked, among them environmental concerns and impacts on the culture of the island’s inhabitants. The development of CBT takes on special relevance, as it based on planning schemes in conjunction with the local community who share the positive effects derived from tourism. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used consisted in designing two surveys: one focusing on the supply side and another on the demand side of tourism to define and analyse the current status of this sector in Boa Vista. The survey on tourism supply was distributed among a panel of experts formed by tourism service providers located in Boa Vista. The statistical results of the responses and the discussion carried out by the panel of experts permitted the development of a SWOT matrix. The survey on demand was administered to foreign tourists in different parts of the island. A total of 202 valid surveys were obtained. Findings – The main results of the fieldwork are twofold. On the supply side of tourism, the community is making an enormous effort to actively participate in the development of sustainable tourism, efforts which are often constrained by the geographical barriers of Boa Vista (sandy soil, poor accessibility to other islands) and the institutional and political situation of the island. As regards the demand side of tourism, the vast majority of tourists stay at the island’s all-inclusive resorts, whereas few tourists require the services provided by the community, mainly because they are unaware that such services exist. Originality/value – Certain island destinations are more appropriate for tourists wishing to flee mass tourism enclaves due to their natural environment, relative isolation and the traditional culture of their inhabitants. For this reason, it is important to develop a CBT model for these destinations in which initiatives are planned in conjunction with members of the local community who participate in decision-making processes and benefit equally from the positive effects of tourism. Although several case studies have been reported in the research on CBT initiatives, few studies have been carried out on CBT in island territories. This is the main contribution in this paper.

The Christmas—Easter Shift: Simulating Alpine Ski Resorts' Future Development under Climate Change Conditions Using the Parameter ‘Optimal Ski Day’

Ski tourism is strongly influenced by climate change. The economic success of ski tourism regions depends on both the quantity and quality of the ski resorts' opening days. However, to date there has been little research on the quality of ski season opening days. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a parameter that enables us to assess the future development of ski seasons in a differentiated way. The results show a decrease of ski area opening days from 2011 to 2060 in the investigation area in general and a trend to an intra-seasonal postponing of optimal ski days, labelled the ‘Christmas– Easter shift’. The parameter developed contributes to our understanding of climate change effects on the tourism supply-side at a regional scale and offers decision support to ski lift operators or tourism associations in terms of adaptation measures.

Using Business Registers to Conduct a Regional Analysis of Enterprise Demography and Employment in the Tourism Industries: Learning from the Irish Experience

Business registers are the foundation upon which all business statistics are compiled. In addition to providing sampling and weighting frames, they are a rich source of information on national and regional economic and industrial structures. The comprehensive coverage of business registers is of particular relevance in the context of tourism, which is a fragmented sector dispersed across a variety of industries. This paper presents a profile of enterprise demography and employment for the tourism industries in Ireland at county level, which corresponds with level 4 of the European Union spatial classification ‘NUTS’. New metrics, entitled ‘Tourism Dependency Ratios’ are derived and mapped. These ratios illustrate how the tourism supply side can be analysed and understood from a spatial perspective. A full-time equivalent (FTE) estimate of employment in the tourism industries is also provided; this is especially important, as it provides a more stable and comparable measure of employment over time.

Sport, tourism and history: current historiography and future prospects

Until comparatively recently historians of tourism have largely paid little attention to sport, despite its historically important role as a major tourist attraction. The essay begins with a brief account of recent scholarship exploring the relationship between sport and tourism, and provides a heavily condensed chronological overview of sports tourism in the past. A more major section analyses the increasing thematic historiographical coverage relating to sports tourism supply which is now beginning to emerge. This has ranged from niche sports tourism, adventure sports, nostalgia and sporting heritage tourism, the role of transport and provision of accommodation and other facilities, such as sporting museums and halls of fame to the study of sporting mega-events such as the Olympics, their marketing, economics and politics, and positive and negative tourist impacts. While details of sport tourism's supply side are beginning to emerge, much less has been written on the sports tourists themselves. This study suggests that the bulk of studies have focused on elite players and teams, and sporting tours have received the bulk of academic attention, alongside some attention given to topics such as demand, spectatorship composition and behaviour at larger events, and that there are still substantial research gaps remaining to be explored.