Supply Pipeline Research Articles

Second wave of COVID-19 pandemic and the surge of mucormycosis: Lessons learnt and future preparedness: Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National) Advisory and Position Statement.

Second wave of COVID-19 pandemic and the surge of mucormycosis: Lessons learnt and future preparedness: Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National) Advisory and Position Statement.

RESISTANCE FORCE AND GROUND BEHAVIOR IN THRUST PROTECTION FOR BURIED PIPES USING GEOGRID GABION

The bend section of a buried water supply pipeline transfers a thrust force to the ground. Thus, a concrete block is typically installed at the bend for protection. However, the concrete block may become unstable when the ground around the concrete block liquefies during an earthquake. In a previous study, we proposed the use of a geogrid gabion composed of a geogrid basket and gravel as a thrust-protection method. In this method, the geogrid gabion is placed on the ground in the direction of the thrust force. It is desirable for a geogrid gabion to be installed close to the pipe. However, the pipe and gabion must be separated for the effective compaction of soil around the pipe during construction. In this study, the effects of the horizontal distance on the thrust force protection performance of the geogrid gabion were evaluated by applying a horizontal force on a buried pipe model in a saturated ground model. The results revealed that the resistance force acting on the pipe increased regardless of the horizontal distance; the resistance force acting on the pipe was highest when the pipe moved close to the geogrid gabion. Based on the relationship between the resistance and the ground behavior, the resistance force was modeled as the sum of the passive earth pressure acting on the pipe and the resistance increment due to the passive earth pressure acting on the geogrid gabion.

Study on Installation and Construction Technology of Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline

Study on Installation and Construction Technology of Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline

Research on Anti-corrosion and Heat Preservation Technology of Heat Supply Pipeline

Research on Anti-corrosion and Heat Preservation Technology of Heat Supply Pipeline

Transient Simulation and Diagnosis of Partial Blockage in Long-Distance Water Supply Pipeline Systems

AbstractA partial blockage usually results in undesirable consequences for long-distance conduits. In order to study the disturbance of partial blockages on transient responses, a numerical model w...

Computer simulation and full-scale measurements of the load flow in a functioning heating network

The article aims to identify patterns in the distribution of heating energy to consumers with a varying availability of regulation equipment under real conditions of a central heating network, as well as to compare the results of computer simulation with full-scale measurements. For computer simulation, well-known mathematical methods for calculating the load flow in hydraulic circuits were used. Experimental studies of the operation modes of heat supply systems were carried out using the data of the control and monitoring systems of thermal power plants using the Siemens Simatic PCS7 software, a Portaflow 300 ultrasonic flow meter, stationary electromagnetic flow transducers, verified and certified manometers and thermometers. The graphs of the actual hydrodynamic modes of the heating network under study were obtained at outdoor air temperatures from +8 to -37°C, as well as under abnormal conditions (temperature drop in the supply pipeline and pressure drop at the heating network input). It was proposed to use jointly the simulation by means of the JA_Net software and full-scale measurements of the thermohydraulic operating modes of a centralised heat supply system, whose consumers have a various degree of regulation equipment. It was shown that the proposed complex method of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the efficiency of district heating networks makes it possible to identify the features of control of their hydraulic modes when connecting new consumers with a varying degree of automation. According to the obtained characteristics of changes in the flow rate of the coolant in the consumers’ internal systems depending on the pressure drop at the tie-in point, the lack of response to emergency situations on part of the consumers whose heat supply systems are equipped with the means of qualitative and quantitative regulation of the heat load, is associated with the process of automatic adjustment of the degree of opening of flow controllers and control valves at individual points. In future work, we will develop guidelines for levelling the imbalance of the heating network under the conditions of uneven provision of facilities with automation equipment when implementing projects for the complex modernisation of heat consumers or connecting new facilities to existing heat supply networks.

Modeling of the scheme of location of active raining equipment of the closed irrigation system

The purpose of the study is to develop a procedure for determining the parameters of the layout of active sprinkler equipment in closed irrigation systems. This paper presents the importance of transforming agricultural production into a highly developed sector of the economy which is impossible without reducing its dependence on adverse climatic conditions. The introduction of modern computer-integrated technologies, including precision farming, due to the need for economic use of visible and energy resources, is considered. Closed irrigation systems with the use of reclamation equipment such as universal sprinklers have become widespread. The existing fleet of efficient sprinklers will consist of 64% of frigate sprinklers. The article considers a complex of sprinklers, which will consist of eight irrigation fields, the total number of sprinklers in the system is eight. The article discusses in detail the principle of operation of the presented closed irrigation system, namely the system of water supply pipelines to sprinklers, and equipment that controls the operation of this system, such as booster pumps, hydrants, transformers, valves, communication lines. The article considers the process of calculating the total number of options for connecting sprinklers. In the considered system 4 sprinkler installations which are connected and disconnected in pairs can be in work at the same time. Consider problems that arise in the system due to pressure jumps in the hydraulic system. Schematically, the options for placing active sprinkler equipment are presented. The possibility of specifying the structure of the connection scheme of active sprinkler equipment using a matrix is considered. The procedure of definition of parameters of the scheme of placement of the active sprinkler equipment is offered. Timely switching of modes of operation of the pumping equipment of ZSS, is possible in the presence of correctly working control system, the confirmed efficiency. The work must be based on the results of computer simulations.

Study of Thermal Supply Mode of Floating Nuclear Power Plant in Offshore Oil and Gas Fields

The floating nuclear power plant (FNPP) is a solution to the thermal supply in offshore oil and gas fields, including the applications in thermal recovery and flow assurance. The output power of marine reactors under development in China matches the thermal demand of offshore oil fields. In order to analyse the thermal supply mode, the following aspects are investigated: the application scenarios, the thermal loss of the thermal supply pipeline, and the selection of platform type. Then, a case study is presented to illustrate the applicability of FNPP in the Bohai Sea for the enhancement of oil recovery. The case shows that the current solution works well with the offshore marginal oil field. The future solution is also discussed as to further improve the economy of FNPP.

Research on flow and pressure prediction of urban water supply pipeline network based on GA-BP algorithm

In order to realize the optimal scheduling and energy saving of urban water supply pipeline system, a method of flow and pressure prediction of water supply pipeline network based on genetic algorithm and BP neural network is proposed in the paper. The flow and pressure prediction models of urban water supply network are built, then tests and verifies the models by the dates obtained from the water supply monitoring system, so as to provide control basis for optimal operation of urban water supply pipeline network.

Quality index improving of the electric-welded K55 pipes

The pipes manufacturing process with using the high frequency welding process (HFW) is widely applied for the producing of casing pipes, pipes for infield, supply and main pipelines. One of the criteria for meeting pipes to customer requirements is to provide the necessary mechanical properties of the pipe body and the welded joint. The analysis of forming, welding and local heat treatment of the welded joint was carried out during mastering of K55 pipe production. Metallographic researches of the base metal and welded joint were carried out. Pipes acceptance tests have been performed in accordance with API 5CT requirements. Based on the results of the researches and tests, the key factors influencing on the microstructure of the welded joint were identified. The technology of thermomechanical treatment of the welded joint has been developed. New modes of forming and welding have been applied, which make it possible to reduce the effect of the actual anisotropy of metal in terms of the yield strength and ultimate strength on the quality of the finished product. This article describes one of the possible options for obtaining a set of mechanical properties in accordance with the requirements of the API 5CT for HWF pipes.

Pipeline leakage monitoring experiments based on evaporation‐enhanced FBG temperature sensing technology

The water distribution systems in utility tunnel are considered as the lifeline projects. The leakage monitoring of water supply and drainage pipelines is closely related to the overall operation and safety of the utility tunnel. However, conventional pipeline leakage monitoring methods are difficult to realize the monitoring of ordinary temperature liquid and small leakage. Moreover, they also have problems with noise interference, high false alarm rate, and high cost. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional methods, the evaporation-enhanced Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensing (EETS-FBG) method was proposed as a new type of leakage monitoring solution according to the principle of the psychrometer. This method utilizes the evaporative cooling characteristics of water-absorbing porous materials and the FBG temperature sensors to realize leakage monitoring. On the basis of experiments, the feasibility of this method is explored, and the effects of wind speed, liquid temperature, and leakage volume on monitoring results are analyzed. The experimental results show that the EETS-FBG method can monitor the temperature difference of 0.97–8.55°C in the humidity of 51.0–90.8%RH, and the measured values are in good agreement with the theoretical values, which shows that the method has good feasibility. In addition, the measured temperature difference increases with the ambient wind speed, while the leakage volume and water temperature have no obvious effect on the temperature difference, which shows that the method has good reliability and universal applicability. This method has outstanding advantages for normal temperature liquid and small leakage monitoring and is worthy of application and promotion.

Studying and Analyzing Leak Locations in Deeply Buried and High-Resistivity Pipeline Based on a DC Potential Method

It is not uncommon for underground water supply or heating pipelines to break and leak, but such events can cause serious inconvenience to the lives of residents. The accurate and timely detection of the leak locations is the primary objective in solving pipeline rupture issues. Based on the direct current (DC) resistivity method, which provides a stable signal, convenient interpretation, and strong anti-interference ability, we adopted the pole-pole device form of the DC potential method to detect the locations of leaks in high-resistivity water supply or heating pipelines. A finite element numerical simulation method was used to study the characteristics of the leakage point potential distribution with and without metal pipeline interference. The numerical simulation results show that the pole-pole DC potential method has strong anti-interference ability and can effectively locate locations of leaks in pipelines with metal interference. The numerical simulation results were verified by physical experiments. The research results show that the pole-pole DC potential method can effectively detect the locations of leaks in high-resistivity pipelines.

Reliability and environmental safety of water and sewer pipelines

The subject of the paper is the reliability and environmental safety of water supply and sewer pipelines of public water supply and sanitation systems. It is shown that the steadily increasing rate of deterioration of water supply and sewer networks in cities and communities in Russia, the limitations of material resources for their rehabilitation have aggravated the problem of ensuring their reliability in recent years. The paper presents the reasons for the low reliability of pipelines. It is shown that the determining criterion for the environmental safety of pipelines is reliability - one of the main quality indicators of any structure (system). The research method was a statistical estimation of the reliability indicators of water supply and sewer pipelines, and an analysis of the factors that shape their change. The paper results in suggestions for a planning strategy of the rehabilitation and renovation of pipelines and reduction of all types of water losses.

IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE FUEL OIL HEATING SYSTEM AT THE TYUMEN TETS-2

This article describes an engineering solution that allows a significant reduction in the material costs of heating reserve fuel (fuel oil) at the energy facility of the Tyumen Thermal Power Plant No. 2 (TETs 2), as well as make the heating system more reliable and less energy-intensive. Using the methods for calculating the input and output parameters of the supply pipeline and finding the surface area of the heat exchange of the coil, the authors describe the means for finding the thickness of the thermal insulation of the pipe and tank. The main equations for creating calculation methods are the heat balance equation. Using the criterion dependencies has helped in calculating the process of convective heat transfer. In addition, the authors provide the graphs for determining the steam flow rate depending on the ambient air temperature and wind speed and nomograms for determining the temperature inside the thermal insulation of the tank.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ОТПОРА ГРУНТА И ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЛИНЕЙНОСТИ ЖЕЛЕЗОБЕТОНА ПРИ РАСЧЕТЕ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ СБОРНЫХ ЖЕЛЕЗОБЕТОННЫХ ТРУБОПРОВОДОВ ДЛЯ ВОДЫ

One of the most common types of hydraulic structures is reinforced concrete pipelines used in various areas of water management. They are used in water supply and disposal systems as supply and discharge pipelines of hydroelectric power plants and pumping stations, in the system of land reclamation. Due to the prevalence of these structures and their large lengths, design issues play an important role. Currently, when calculating reinforced concrete pipelines, both monolithic and prefabricated, the pipe ring of a single width is considered as a linear-elastic body under the conditions of a plane-deformed state. At the same time, it is considered that reinforced concrete pipelines have a sufficiently high rigidity, so the impact of soil resistance due to their deformation is very small and it is not taken into account when designing. In addition,in reinforced concrete, from which pipes are made, even at low loads, nonlinear deformations occur associated with the development of its creep. Non-linear operation of reinforced concrete also occurs in the case of cracks in the pipeline shell, and in its most stressed zones cracks may be formed and stresses may appear in the reinforcement. These factors lead to a change in the rigidity of the cross sections of the pipeline shell and redistribution. The article considers how the presence of expanded joints affects the stress state of the underground pipeline shell,how justified is the assumption that the ground resistance has a small effect on the operation of the prefabricated water supply pipeline, and also there is examines the influence of the physical nonlinearity of reinforced concrete on the results of its calculation in the spatial setting.I

Upgrading the hot water supply system as a way to save energy

The efficiency of works on replacement of steel pipelines of hot water supply of Kazan with pipes from polymer materials was considered. Due to the high corrosive activity of water, the service life of hot water pipelines does not exceed 8-10 years. To improve the reliability and quality of the supply of hot water to consumers, the possibility of modernizing hot water supply networks using pipelines made of polymer materials is being considered. The problem of physical wear of heat supply networks is disclosed; analysis of polymer pipelines use for energy saving purposes is carried out. Thermal energy savings are calculated after the modernization of heating networks. The costs, savings and payback period of the energy-saving measures are determined.

ДВУХНИТОЧНЫЙ ПОЛИВНОЙ МОДУЛЬ ДЛЯ КАПЕЛЬНОГО ОРОШЕНИЯ РЯДА ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ПЛОДОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ, КУЛЬТИВИРУЕМЫХ В САДОВЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЯХ

Purpose: to develop a design-layout scheme for a two-line irrigation module of a drip irrigation system, providing effective drip irrigation of perennial tree fruit crops cultivated in garden plantings. Materials and methods. The main requirements for developing an irrigation module scheme are: ensuring the required proportion of moisture area, ensuring a regulated distance between the woody plant stem and the nearest emitter at least 0.2 m, ensuring the possibility of periodically changing the emitter position relative to the plant stem. When developing the scheme of the irrigation module, the methods of search design were used. Results. A constructive scheme of a two-line irrigation module intended for drip irrigation of one row of plants in a perennial tree fruit plantation is proposed, it includes two irrigation lines symmetrically located relative to the axis of a row of plants with emitters arranged in them. Drip tubing with wall thickness from 0.8 to 1.2 mm is recommended for use as irrigation lines. Drip lines are located on supports at a height of 50 cm from the earth's surface and have the ability to change their position relative to the axis of a row of plants. The head and tail structure of the irrigation module are connected to the supply and discharge pipelines through flexible water conduits. The end part of the irrigation module provides for the possibility of collecting and discharging wash water (solution). Conclusions. As a result of the studies carried out, a constructive solution for a two-line irrigation module of a drip irrigation network was proposed, which allows: to increase the proportion of the moistening area from the area of nutrition of each plant to the standard values, to ensure effective watering of the root-inhabited soil space at different stages of plant growth and development, to reduce the intensity of soil degradation during drip irrigation.

Optimization analysis of air-conditioning duct structure of high-velocity train

In order to improve the comfort of the air conditioning system in the driver’s cabin of a high-velocity train and advance the distribution of air supply, a 3D simulation software is used to establish the model of the air supply pipeline of the driver’s cabin. The air flow field and the rationality of the air distribution are analysed accordingly. The results indicate that the structure of the air supply pipe is optimized and the air flow rate in the left and right air chambers is solved and air flow rate in each outlet of the air supply pipe are achieved.

Strategies for Improving Gas Supplies for Sustainable Power Generation in Ghana

Technologies for gas conversion have attracted more serious attention, but energy efficiency, supply deficiencies, as well as other risks undermining the gas supply industry, make it difficult to achieve sustainability in gas supply in Ghana. This study explored strategies for improving supplies for sustainable power generation in Ghana. Specifically, the study investigates the risks associated with the gas supply industry and also investigates strategies for improving gas supplies in Ghana. A descriptive study that applied both qualitative and quantitative tools was applied to data collection and analysis to allow for an in-depth analysis of the findings of the research. The population was concentrated on the regulators (Energy Commission) and consumers (VRA and Sunon Asogli, and GNGC/Eni in the supply domains. In all, 357 population was targeted with a sample of 151. Probability (simple random sampling) and non-probability (purposive) sampling approaches were applied to source participants for the study. Statistical inferential tools that guided the analysis included means, standard deviation, Relative Importance Index (RII). The study identified issues of power sector debt due to the weak financial background of the gas supply sector, poor infrastructure, issues of corruption created by delays, poor transparency and weak regulatory framework as key risk factors in the gas supply industry in Ghana. The study also concluded that strategies to support the drive to achieve sustainability in the gas supply industry should involve a planned action towards providing regular and improved infrastructure in transportation and gas supply pipelines to enhance the visibility of the local gas industry and to also meet both domestic and industrial demand for gas products. Again, there should be the establishment and maintenance of functional gas-related policies and regulators, as well as an emergency supply plan to address any shocks that may tend to impact the gas supply industry in Ghana.

Testing heat supply networks for heat losses

The scope of operations of the branch where the survey was carried out is: transmission and distribution of heat and heating medium to consumers through heat supply networks, maintaining the proper quality and amount of thermal power and heating medium supplied, ensuring contractual activities with heat consumers, as well as control of compliance with the consumption regimes stipulated by contracts, ensuring payments from consumers for supplied heat and heating medium, development and implementation of measures ensuring maximum efficiency of heat supply activities. The purpose of the work performed is to determine the actual heat losses through the thermal insulation of the surveyed heating networks and to compare them with normative values. The article presents an analysis of materials on the heat supply system; test findings for actual heat losses in a heat supply pipeline; calculation of actual heat losses for each section and their adjustment to average annual operating conditions of the given heat supply network; comparison of calculation results with normative characteristics. The test findings are used in developing the output performance for the «Heat Loss» indicator and in setting of norms for operating heat losses. The heat supply source for the heat pipeline is the CHP-plant. The pipelines are routed above ground on high and low supports, as well as in crawl ways. The thermal insulation of the pipelines is mainly made of 50 mm blankets of mineral wool and is typical for heat supply networks. In overhauls of heat supply networks, polyurethane foam is partly used as thermal insulation.