Spare Parts Supply Research Articles

Analysis of User Acceptance Of ERP Systems On After Sales Functions Using Modeltechnology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2) (Case Study: PT Wijaya Toyota Dago)

Wijaya Toyota Dago is a company engaged in the service, maintenance, repair, and supply of Toyota's official spare parts under the management of PT. Toyota Astra Motor. Currently PT. Wijaya Toyota Dago has used an information system that is TDSM (Toyota Dealer Management System). TDMS is an internal system owned by Toyota to facilitate the company's operational activities and in serving the needs of its customers. TDMS is based on System Application and Product in data processing (SAP), where SAP is one of the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software. However, system users still have not used the system to the fully. And since the implementation of TDMS system has never been done analysis of user acceptance.
 Based on the problem described, the proposed solution is to conduct user acceptance analysis of the TDMS system using the TAM2 model from Venkatesh and Davis. TAM 2 is a research model used to assess user behavior in receiving and using an information technology. 
 Based on the analysis results is known that theres an effect between perceived usefulness of users and ease of use to the user's interest which means that if the use of the application continues to be improved, it can also increase user interest in receiving TDMS system.

A review of spare parts supply chain management

The particular characteristics of spare parts have prompted several authors to provide substantial results for effective spare parts supply chain management. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to present the significant contributions that researchers have proposed, over time, for the management of spare parts supply chain. The literature has shown that the particular characteristics of spare parts have a significant impact on inventory performance and customer demand fulfillment. For this reason, most of the contributions were focused on spare parts classification methods, forecasting methods and inventory optimization. The focus of researchers on some areas of spare parts management allowed us to identify some promising perspectives that were not developed in literature, such as the development of performance measurement frameworks for spare parts supply chain and the measurement of organizational maturity.

Analysis On Manufacturing Logistics Network Equilibrium Under the VMI Inventory Management Mode

The network equilibrium theory is used to study the optimization design of manufacturing enterprises in implementation of VMI inventory management model. In particular, we firstly construct a four tier logistics network, composed of raw material suppliers, spare parts suppliers, manufacturers, logistics service providers. And the network system is modeled, and the profit functions of all levels of decision maker are formalized, and then transformed into the equivalent variational inequality form for computation. Finally, a numerical example is given and some valuable research inspiration are obtained.

Performance Measurement System for Automotive Spare Parts Supply Chain: A Categorization

This article provides a categorization approach that encompasses the required categories and sub-categories for the performance measurement of automotive spare parts supply chain with a focus on independent distributor belonging to the independent channel. In fact, the special characteristics of spare parts have led to the emergence of many scientific contributions related to inventory management and demand forecasting methods. However, little research has focused on the measurement of spare parts supply chain performance despite its big importance. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap in the literature, in particular for the automotive aftermarket, by proposing a framework that will lead to the measurement of the overall automotive spare parts supply chain performance.

Moving to additive manufacturing for spare parts supply

This study seeks to investigate when and how a transition to additive manufacturing (AM) becomes profitable for the low-volume spare parts business. As a starting point, we conducted a case study at an OEM of radar systems which foresaw various opportunities that become available with the transition to AM. In particular, it is the case company that can perceive the prospects of shortened lead times and the promise of tool-less manufacturing. However, scepticism regarding whether a transition will pay off amid high AM piece prices and uncertain AM technology advancements remains. We employed stochastic dynamic programming to assess the situation encountered at the company. Therefore, we regarded particularities such as a decreasing AM piece price over the course of the service horizon and determined if (and when) AM should be prepared or tooling be discarded. It turned out that an immediate investment in AM technology is the most effective strategy and leads to more than 12% cost savings. Numerical experiments further substantiate the results of the case study and indicate that long lead times, high inventories, and severe backorder costs in the classical situation are all arguments in favor of an early investment in AM technology; this occurs despite an (initially) higher AM piece price and additional setup costs. Moreover, we observed that postponing the investment in AM is often not advisable. Instead, conventional manufacturing and AM are recommended to be used in parallel before making a complete transition to AM.

Study of the Optimization of Laser Stereo Forming Process Based on the Orthogonal Experiment

Based on the problem that the supply of equipment spare parts on the battlefield is not timely, this paper studies the laser stereo forming technology. Combined with the characteristics of battlefield repair, 316L stainless steel is used as the printing material, based on the orthogonal experiment method, and the tensile properties are used as the evaluation index to optimize the process parameters. The results show that the optimal process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 700mm/min and the powder feeding rate is 1.6rpm. The degree of the influence on the tensile properties is as follows: the powder feeding rate > the laser power > the scanning speed, the range of the laser power and scanning speed is almost the same, and the powder feeding rate is the most important factor.

Inventory planning analysis for vehicle spare parts by using Continuous Review method: A green engineering approach

PT Y is the largest dealer in the eastern part of Indonesian focuses on selling, supply, and maintenance of vehicle spare parts. This research aims to determine the optimal quantity order and reorder, and safety stock to anticipate the possibility of stockout or extra cost, and to fulfill the customer needs. We implemented the ABC analysis for vehicle spare parts Mirage type, then create scheduling for spare parts in class A that normally distributed. In this plan, future demand determined which later improve the inventory management of the spare parts by determining the order quantity, reorder point, safety stock, and total cost of inventory by using the Continuous Review method, which results in the optimal value. The Continuous Review method obtains the total saving for inventory cost up to 54.21% and able to be the optimal solution applied by the company in the future.

Assessing the potential of additive manufacturing for the provision of spare parts

AbstractSpare parts are a particularly interesting application for switching production from traditional manufacturing (TM) to additive manufacturing (AM). Research assessing AM has primarily addressed cost models centering on the production process or the operations management of separate spare parts. By combining case study, modeling, and design science elements, we adopt a holistic perspective and develop a design to examine the systematic leverage of AM in spare parts operations. Contextually grounded in problems faced by a leading material handling equipment manufacturer that is challenged by common characteristics of after‐sales operations, we engage with practice to propose a portfolio level analysis examining the switchover share from TM to AM. Using a data set of 53,457 spare parts over 9 years, we find that up to 8% of stock keeping units (SKUs) and 2% of total units supplied could be produced using AM, even if unit production costs are four times those of TM. This result is driven by low demand, high fixed costs, and minimum order quantities in TM. Finally, we present the evaluation by the case company's management and highlight five areas of opportunity and challenge.

To tinker, evolution needs a supply of spare parts

A recommendation of: Marjolaine Rousselle, Paul Simion, Marie-Ka Tilak, Emeric Figuet, Benoit Nabholz, Nicolas Galtier Is adaptation limited by mutation? A timescale-dependent effect of genetic diversity on the adaptive substitution rate in animals https://doi.org/10.1101/643619

Enabling the 3D Printing of Metal Components in µ‐Gravity

AbstractAs humanity contemplates manned missions to Mars, strategies need to be developed for the design and operation of hospitable environments to safely work in space for years. The supply of spare parts for repair and replacement of lost equipment will be one key need, but in‐space manufacturing remains the only option for a timely supply. With high flexibility in design and the ability to manufacture ready‐to‐use components directly from a computer‐aided model, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies appear extremely attractive. For the manufacturing of metal parts, laser‐beam melting is the most widely used AM process. However, the handling of metal powders in the absence of gravity is one prerequisite for its successful application in space. A gas flow throughout the powder bed is successfully applied to compensate for missing gravitational forces in microgravity experiments. This so‐called gas‐flow‐assisted powder deposition is based on a porous building platform acting as a filter for the fixation of metal particles in a gas flow driven by a pressure difference maintained by a vacuum pump.

Моніторинг матеріально-технічного забезпечення та надійності техніки АПК в системі розвитку інноваційних процесів

In the article researches from monitoring of material and technical support and actual level of reliability of technique of agroindustrial complex in system of development of innovative processes are presented. Availability of agricultural enterprises with agricultural machinery in the context of means for preparation and distribution of fodder is analyzed. The insufficient level of material and technical provision of agrarian enterprises of various forms of ownership with machinery and equipment is established, the high level of their moral and physical aging is noted. The current direction of theoretical and experimental research is the study of agricultural machinery as a complex social and technical systems, taking into account the influence of the human factor on the analysis and synthesis, evaluation and ensuring their reliability. In the article it is offered to take into account the experience of using the means for preparation and distribution of fodder, conditions of their operation, study of scientific and technical literature, carrying out the survey of machine operators and service personnel. As an object and subject of researches the estimation of durability of knives of the mechanism of crushing-mixing is chosen, the method of expert estimations based on results of interrogation of the qualified experts is used. Questionnaires have been prepared, which provide for a survey of experts on ten reasonable factors. It is established that the following factors have the maximum impact on the durability of knives for the preparation and distribution of feed: the material of knives, the properties of the plant mass, which is shredded, the length of service of the service personnel, and the contamination of the components of feed by foreign inclusions. Satisfactory results were obtained for all factors, and good coordination of experts was noted for the main factors. The transition from the sale of individual products, i.e. machinery or individual products, to the implementation of technical solutions that include additional maintenance, spare parts supply and operator training is promising to ensure reliability.

On a method to improve your service BOMs within spare parts management

For advanced capital goods with high system availability requirements, it is common that all customers have service contracts with the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). These service contracts include service level agreements on spare parts supply. The OEM operates a service network to support these logistic contracts. To determine spare parts stock levels the OEM needs to forecast spare parts demand. An important input for this forecast is the service Bill Of Material (BOM) per installed machine in the field, which specifies the applicable spare parts for a machine, and is usually derived from the machine configuration. Because of a growing installed base, increasing machine complexity, and an increasing number of machine variants, companies face a challenge in defining and maintaining machine configurations, which is why the service BOM is not always in line with the actual installed machine. An incorrect service BOM results in either a too low or a too high forecast for spare parts demand, and will result in under- or overstock.In this paper we study the service BOMs at ASML, a large OEM in the semiconductor industry. We develop a method to generate alerts for possible errors. This method builds on multiple sources of machine information. Our method was tested in a pilot study, and found to be very effective. 95% of the generated alerts were correctly triggered and did result in actions that improved the service BOM. As a result, the method has been implemented by ASML. By this method, ASML reduced spare part non-availabilities by approximately 4–5 percent per year.

An approach for the robust design of a reconfigurable assembly cell with 7-axis robot

ABSTRACTThe increasing variety of products and the variability of the demand are pushing manufacturing companies in a challenging and competing environment. These trends affect many industrial sectors, including the automotive one, impacting the whole supply chain, including the production of spare parts. The automotive spare part’s market is aimed at providing replacing parts during the whole life cycle of cars. As the design of cars becomes more and more sophisticated, producing spare parts requires complex production processes, a wide range of different technologies and the need to cope with different materials. In this context, the design of assembly systems and proper management policies have a considerable importance for the competitiveness of spare parts suppliers. In this paper, a configuration approach is proposed, to select a robust design solution for a reconfigurable assembly cell. The solution consists of an initial configuration together with a set of alternative reconfiguration plans to cope with the intrinsic uncertainty of the spare part manufacturing requirements. An innovative reconfigurable assembly cell architecture is exploited, while robustness is pursued by minimising a function of the risk associated with investment and operational costs of the assembly cell. The viability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the application to an industrial case.

A quantitative model for optimization and disruption mitigation in a supply chain (Auto parts case study)

However, there is a lot of capital and plenty of manpower in the auto spare part industry, the enterprises and supply chains of this industry do not perform well in our country. This research models a three-level supply chain with multiple manufacturers, distribution centers and retailers, to minimize the total cost by taking into account various disruptions. The database of two active car spare parts companies for five strategic products in one year has been used. Then, the mathematical model is analyzed by considering disruptions based on three different sales policies: back orders, lost sales and outsourcing. Besides, to evaluate the performance of the model some numerical examples are used and analyzed to determine that algorithm works. Model solved efficiently by MATLAB software. The results show that the proposed algorithm of this research can neutralize the effect of the disruptions and cause a significant reduction in total cost of the system. The model is useful for helping decision makers to adopt an active approach to maintaining business benefits when disruptions take place in the supply chain.

Is it Possible to Build a Profitable Maintenance Business in the Market of Heavy Medical Equipment in the B2G Segment?

The relevance of the study is defined by the dramatic situation associated with the new high-margin medical device market in Russian Federation. The study shows the industry practice of heavy medical equipment maintenance2 and challenges in shaping the business model in conditions of legislative and regulatory gaps, an objective deficit of qualified technical experts and the poor quality of maintenance at public healthcare. The relevance of the article is formed by the absence of formal and informal rules of market performance. There is no consentience neither in the legislative, executive and judicial authorities, nor among the healthcare managers, suppliers (including Company’s subsidiary in Russia) and consumers (healthcare sites) of complex medical equipment. The problem is also dramatized by the black-market spare parts supply in Russia and the trend to its validation by the authorities. It’s difficult to embrace the phenomenon, to define values and goals, and specify ethical and practical results. Low development of theoretical economy rules at the new market cause the uncertainty of business compliance in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic theoretical foundations at the emerging market of heavy medical equipment that have an impact on the development of this innovative sector of the economy. The research item is presented as a KeyKis and defined as follows: Is it possible to build a profitable maintenance business at the market of heavy medical equipment (HME) in the B2G segment and guarantee its high-quality in the situation of legislative loophole? The answers could serve as a basis for development the legislative provision and maintenance guidelines, as well for forming managerial and marketing strategies for the company. The research methods consist in examining this phenomenon in a particular challenging situation in time, space and interrelation of key participants of the emerging industry market, including public and private stakeholders, domestic and foreign businesses, responsible and irresponsible characters. The case study (KeyKis) is based on authoring tools of academic economy that are applied in practice: the product matrix, the market carotid (3-D economy model), the amplified marketing strategy matrix. The research results show the mutual influence of stakeholders on the new market branch of medical technologies and business development opportunities at the heavy medical equipment maintenance market in Russian Federation. The practical importance of the paper is to facilitate the definition of difficult economic situation, provide guidelines for strategic processing and apply these tools to practical management.

A Bayesian Model for Optimum Supply of Spare Parts

The need to have a stock of spare parts in a production company is very important in order to contract a continuity of service assurance. The costs of the stock are the costs of ownership, the costs of purchases and the costs of breaking the stock. In summary, the estimation of the needs of the stock is done mostly through quantitative methods while minimizing the costs.In this paper, we will first present our Bayesian model developed taking into account the obsolescence risk that is related to the life of parts, in order to determine the combination of new and recycled parts in quantities. After, we will expose some of the decision results of the simulation in order to clarify the operation of the bayesian networks. Finally, we will compare our model with the existing reference model and the bootstrap method for the purpose to see the influence of the parameters considered.

System dynamics simulation‐based model for coordination of a three‐level spare parts supply chain

AbstractIn some spare parts distribution systems for consumption goods, a portion of consumers’ demand is met by inventories in maintenance outlets, while the remaining portion is satisfied with emergency orders from the supplier, which can enhance customers’ satisfaction but cause added order‐processing costs and transportation costs. Faced with the trade‐off between the supplier's and outlet's profits, it is highly crucial to design and coordinate a supply chain in a way that determines to what extent each level should hold inventories by considering classification of spare parts. Therefore, in this paper, a system dynamics approach is used to design a three‐level supply chain simulation model consisting of one business unit, one distribution center, and one maintenance outlet. The business unit and distribution center belong to one company, so we consider them as one supplier. Therefore, we focus on the coordination between the distribution center and the maintenance outlet. The objective is to propose a contract to enhance these two parties’ profits. Through numerical analysis, we provide a contract with which the spare parts in class A are differentiated in their normal and emergency procurement prices and the spare parts in class B and class C have a prescribed customer service level. Using this type of contract, both distribution center's and maintenance outlet's profits can be enhanced, and the management process can be simplified.

APLIKASI MATLAB DALAM MENGUKUR KEBULATAN HASIL INDENTASI UJI KEKERASAN BAGI KARYAWAN PT. SRI TERANG LINGGA PALEMBANG

Provision of spare parts for production equipment needs to be prepared with specifications, number of needs and correct time of availability, and especially for critical machining components that require correct and appropriate tactics so as not to disrupt its continuity of production. However, it is not a secret for a production department to make replacement parts that have the same mechanical properties through hardness testing of components that have failed. Through a computer program with an algorithm that is able to read a photo as a result of an indentation emphasis on hardness test, it can be known quickly a roundness diameter and calculate its hardness value which will be converted into one of the mechanical properties of a material so that a profile projector is not needed. Core of this implementation of our community service program is through an assignment scheme for employees of PT. Sri Trang Lingga Palembang, located on road TPA 2, RT. 26, RW. 29, Keramasan Subdistrict, Kertapati, Palembang City, South Sumatra, postal code 30149 is how to provide theoretical and experimental knowledge of the implementation of hardness tests on metal materials by emphasizing use of computer algorithms in reading photos of indentation hardness test results as an alternative to replacement use profile projector tool that is usually used for students of D-IV Mechanical Engineering Production and Maintenance (TMPP) Department of Mechanical Engineering Sriwijaya State Polytechnic to determine size of the indentation diameter emphasis from Brinnel hardness test.

Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance Optimisation: Models, Methods & Strategies

Maintenance activities are very important for the complex and high-risk installations, especially for Nuclear Power Plant. Good maintenance will be able to minimise loss of production, reducing the cost of the electricity generation, and/or reducing the risk. However, there are many issues to make a good maintenance program, such as regarding limitation of reliability data, the complexity of the system, (in)dependency failure mechanism, unpredictable spare parts supply chain, accessibility for maintenance and repair, environmental limitation, human resources, management, regulation, etc. Many studies have been done by researchers and engineers from various sectors to optimising maintenance activities. We have studied several kinds of available literatures, especially that can be used for the nuclear industry. By using proposed maintenance framework, we would like to describe Nuclear Power Plant maintenance optimisation studies that have been done systematically. We also did a critical review and gap identification between scholar studies and real applications and then classified them to provide more easy understanding information that can be used as an information for the future development. Based on our study, there is a wide gap between academic study and implementation. Although many models, methods, and strategies have been proposed, most of the NPPs in the world are using traditional approach by following time-based and breakdown maintenance strategies. There are such kinds of factors, such as because of the regulatory framework barrier, weak relationships between stakeholders and regarding data availability. Future studies to explore those problems are needed.

Improved Dynamic PSO-Based Algorithm for Critical Spare Parts Supply Optimization Under (T, S) Inventory Policy

This paper investigates the multi-period and multi-echelon spare parts supply optimization problem. The periodic review order-up-to-S inventory policy is considered to determine the supply timing and the spare parts consumption. The spare parts consumption in lead time of each customer is calculated by the process of spare parts supply. A dynamic optimization mathematical model is developed to find the optimal supply scheme in each period with the objective of minimum total costs. In the dynamic optimization model, the parameters are changed with time. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve this dynamic problem. In the proposed algorithm, a change detector and a change response strategy are used to handle the change of optimization environment. We also adopt a self-adaption neighborhood search strategy to improve the ability of exploration and exploitation of the algorithm. Numerical experiment shows that the proposed strategy can improve the performance of algorithm greatly, and the model and solution method in this paper can be applied to optimize the spare parts supply in various scenarios.