Yeast Supplementation Research Articles

Supplementation of Live Yeast, Mannan Oligosaccharide, and Organic Selenium during the Adaptation Phase of Newly Arrived Beef Cattle: Effects on Health Status, Immune Functionality, and Growth Performance

The effect of a nutraceutical mixture, based on live yeast (LY), mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and organic selenium (Se) on health status, as well as immune functionality and growth performance in the fattening of newly received beef cattle, was evaluated. A total of 1036 Charolaise heifers were allocated into two experimental groups: (i) control group, without any nutraceutical support (n = 487; initial weight = 325 ± 21 kg); and (ii) treatment group, supplementation during the first 30 days, with LY (5 g/head/day), organic Se (3 mg/head/day), and MOS (10 g/head/day) (n = 549; initial weight = 323 ± 23 kg). The incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and other health issues was monitored, as well as the mortality rate. Blood samples were taken at d0 and d30 to evaluate the immune functionality and the inflammatory status. Growth performances, feces chemical composition, and carcass characteristics were recorded. The BRD occurrence tended to be reduced (p = 0.06) in the Treatment group. The BHV-1 antibody production after vaccination was significantly improved (p = 0.031), as well as the bactericidal activity (p = 0.0012) in the Treatment group. No differences were found in the inflammatory status parameters. The final weight (p = 0.006) and the average daily gain at d30 (p < 0.0001) were significantly improved by the treatment. No differences were found in terms of carcass characteristics, while the fecal content of NDF (p < 0.0001), ADF (p = 0.0003), and starch (p < 0.0001) were significantly reduced by the treatment. The result of the present study suggests that the nutraceutical mixture used can support the animal’s immune systems, improving its ability to react against pathogens, as well as feed efficiency and growth performances during the whole fattening period.

An evaluation on the selenium yeast supplementation in the practical diets of early juvenile sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ): Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant capacity, and body composition

A 45-day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary selenium yeast (Se-yeast) on the survival, growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes, and body composition of early juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Five isoprotic (15.6%) and isolipic (1.5%) feeds with graded levels of Se-yeast (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) were formulated and randomly allocated to the early juvenile sea cucumbers (initial weight: 0.11 ± 0.01 g). The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and relative visceral weight ratio (RVW) significantly increased as the Se-yeast supplementation increased from 0 to 1.0 mg/kg, and then reached a plateau with further increase in Se-yeast, while survival rate (SR) increased as the supplementation level of Se-yeast increased, and the lipase and amylase activities first significantly increased as the Se-yeast increased from 0 to 1.0 mg/kg, and then significantly decreased with the continuous supplementation of Se-yeast. The antioxidant capacity and nonspecific immunity were significantly elevated by the moderate level (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) of Se-yeast. Besides, the activities of immune-related enzymes and transcription of antioxidation-related genes were significantly elevated by the supplementation of Se-yeast. However, malonaldehyde contents were significantly reduced in the treatments with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg Se-yeast. The selenium content in the body wall of the sea cucumber showed a markedly increasing trend with increasing Se-yeast supplementation levels. Results above indicated that a moderate level (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) of Se-yeast enhanced the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity and nonspecific immunity of early juvenile A. japonicus.

Ruminal pH pattern, fermentation characteristics and related bacteria in response to dietary live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in beef cattle.

ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary live yeast supplementation on ruminal pH pattern, fermentation characteristics and associated bacteria in beef cattle.MethodsThis work comprised of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro fermentation was conducted by incubating 0%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125%, and 0.15% active dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ADY) with total mixed ration substrate to determine its dose effect. According to in vitro results, 0.1% ADY inclusion level was assigned in in vivo study for continuously monitoring ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbes. Six ruminally cannulated steers were randomly assigned to 2 treatments (Control and ADY supplementation) as two-period crossover design (30-day). Blood samples were harvested before-feeding and rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h post-feeding on 30 d.ResultsAfter 24 h in vitro fermentation, pH and gas production were increased at 0.1% ADY where ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein also displayed lowest and peak values, respectively. Acetate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids concentrations heightened with increasing ADY doses and plateaued at high levels, while acetate to propionate ratio was decreased accordingly. In in vivo study, ruminal pH was increased with ADY supplementation that also elevated acetate and propionate. Conversely, ADY reduced lactate level by dampening Streptococcus bovis and inducing greater Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii populations involved in lactate utilization. The serum urea nitrogen decreased, whereas glucose, albumin and total protein concentrations were increased with ADY supplementation.ConclusionThe results demonstrated dietary ADY improved ruminal fermentation dose-dependently. The ruminal lactate reduction through modification of lactate metabolic bacteria could be an important reason for rumen pH stabilization induced by ADY. ADY supplementation offered a complementary probiotics strategy in improving gluconeogenesis and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle, potentially resulted from optimized rumen pH and fermentation.

Effects of Selenium Supplement on B Lymphocyte Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis Rats.

Methods 45 healthy and adult female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, EAT model group, and selenium yeast supplement EAT group. The EAT model rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of porcine thyroglobulin and fed with high iodine water. The concentrations of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TGAb, TPOAb, and B cell activating factor (BAFF) were detected in each group by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in thyroid tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. B cells and regulatory B cells (Bregs) ratios in the spleen of rats were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results In contrast with the EAT model group, the levels of serum TSH, TGAB, TPOAb, and BAFF were decreased, while IL-10 expression was increased in thyroid tissue, and Bregs ratio was upregulated in the spleen (all p < 0.05) in the selenium yeast supplement EAT group. Conclusion Selenium yeast supplement could partially attenuate immune imbalance in EAT rats, which may be related to the mechanism of modulating B lymphocyte activity.

Impact of Yeast Supplement to the Rations Contained Different Levels of Barley Grain in Milk Production and Components of Awassi Ewes

Background: Sheep milk production after weaning is produced for a limited period of 80-100 days, it is used for cheeses manufacturing, especially in the Mediterranean region due to its high content of total solids and it preferred in human nutrition because it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, nucleotides and nucleosides, this earns therapeutic functions especially cancer prevention. On the other hand, reducing the cost of feeding is important in reducing production costs. Methods: Eighteen Awassi ewes in late lactation were used in this experiment, aged 3-5 years, average body weight 55.27 kg. Ewes were divided randomly into three groups and fed periodically on experimental rations in cross over design (3×3) each period lasted 17 days, first ration was control, second ration was similar to control and fed with addition 10 g/ ewe of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, while in the third ration barley grain decreased to 35% and fed with added yeast. Ewes were milked on two consecutive days at the end of each experimental period and components were analysis using a milk scan analyzer. Result: Results were indicated that rations had no significant effect in milk yield and components. Also serum blood parameters of glucose, urea, cholesterol and total protein were not affected significantly.

Active Yeast but Not Henhouse Environment Affects Dropping Moisture Levels in Egg-Laying Hens.

Simple SummaryThe high dropping moisture content of chicken feces can impose a serious burden on poultry production costs and the environment. In the first part of this study, we investigated the correlations among chicken dropping moisture content, environmental factors, and production performance. In the second part, we explored whether the addition of three types of additives added individually could reduce the dropping moisture content. The results showed that the dropping moisture level was not associated with production performance or any environmental factors at different locations at the same henhouse height. The probiotic additive (active yeast) significantly reduced the dropping moisture rate. These findings can improve strategies for dealing with high dropping moisture levels and contribute to the enhancement of chicken production.Dropping moisture (DM) refers to the water content in feces. High DM negatively affects poultry production, environment, production costs, and animal health. Heredity, nutrition, environment, and disease may affect DM level. DM has medium inheritability and is related to cage height in henhouses. We examined the relationship among DM level, production performance, and environmental factors at different locations at the same henhouse height and effects of three types of additives. We measured the correlation between environmental factors including temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, absolute pressure, and DM levels and laying performance of 934 Rhode Island Red hens. DM level was not significantly associated with environmental factors or production performance. We divided 64 persistently high DM hens into control and treatment groups supplied with different additives (probiotics, anisodamine, and antibiotics). DM levels, laying performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical indices were determined. Compared with the control and antibiotics, probiotics significantly reduced DM levels and eggshell strength while improving yolk color but did not significantly affect production performance. The additives reduced the b value of eggshell color; compared with probiotics, anisodamine decreased serum globulin levels. Exogenous active yeast supplementation can significantly reduce DM levels.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 supplementation in finishing male pigs helps to cope with heat stress through feeding behaviour and gut microbiota modulation.

Pigs subjected to heat stress (HS) decrease their feed intake and growth. The objectives of the experiment were to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii CNCM I-1079) on feeding behaviour, energy metabolism and faecal microbiota composition of finishing boars (n 10) housed in a respiration chamber at thermoneutrality (7 d at 22°C) or during HS (seven plus six days at 28°C). Dietary LY supplementation increased DM intake (P = 0·01) whatever the ambient temperature, whereas HS decreased feed intake whatever the dietary supplementation (P = 0·01). Dietary LY supplementation increased the number of meals (P = 0·02). Energy retention was higher with dietary LY supplementation (P < 0·01) but decreased during HS (P < 0·01). The skin temperature of the supplemented pigs was lower at thermoneutrality and increased during HS to a lesser extent than that of non-supplemented pigs (P < 0·01). Faecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Treponema, Christensenellaceae R-7, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Rikenellaceae RC9, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Romboutsia genera and some bacteria belonging to Alloprevotella, Oxalobacter and Anaeroplasma genera were more abundant under HS. LY supplementation attenuated HS effects on Romboutsia abundance, while decreasing the abundance of some bacteria from Ruminoccocus, Coprococcus, Peptococcus and Oxalobacter genera and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria from Lactococcus and Subdoligranulum genera. Our results suggest that higher level of the keystone species Ruminococcus bromii at thermoneutrality may be one of the causes for higher energy retention observed under subsequent HS.

Effects of feeding a live yeast on rumen fermentation and fiber degradability of tropical and subtropical forages.

The effect of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CNCM I-1077 (SC) on the ruminal degradability of different forages commonly found in dairy diets in South America was evaluated. We also assessed if SC supplementation interacts with forage group to affect ruminal fiber degradability. Four non-lactating rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two treatment sequences: Control-SC-Control or SC-Control-SC, in a switchback design, with three 30-day periods. Cows in the SC treatment were supplied with 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of yeast daily via rumen cannula. In situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) was measured in 15 forages collected in South America. Forages were assigned to one of three groups: corn silages; tropical grasses (sugarcane silages and tropical grass silages); and temperate grasses and alfalfa (oat silages, ryegrass silages, alfalfa silage, and alfalfa hay). Cows supplemented with SC had higher (P=0.05) counts of yeasts and lower (P=0.03) concentration of lactate in rumen fluid. There was no interaction between forage group and yeast supplementation (P > 0.10) on in situ degradability. The SC increased DM (by 4.6%) and aNDF degradation (by 10.3%) at 24 h of incubation (P < 0.05). Metabolomics revealed that a chemical entity (C17 H29 N6 O3 , m/z 365.2284 [M + H]+ ) from the family of lipids and related molecules was suppressed in the rumen fluid of cows supplemented with SC. The SC supplementation improved DM and aNDF degradability regardless of the forage group. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Addition in Dairy Cows Diets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in the dairy cows’ diets on productive performances and health status. The study was carried out in the experimental farm of the Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotești on 50 multiparous Romanian Black and Spotted dairy cows, randomly divided into two groups (N = 25 heads/group), according to age, milk yield, body weight and health status. The experimental group received 80 g Saccharomyces cerevisiae/head/day for one year. The groups were fed with the same diet and had free access to water and salt. Results were expressed as a mean (±Standard Deviation). The t-test was applied to obtain the significance of difference. Supplementation of the diet with Saccharomyces cerevisiae had a significant effect (P &lt;0.001) on milk yield (20.71±1.65 l/head/day) for the experimental group comparing with the control group (18.22±1.81 l/head/day), and on milk protein and lactose (P &lt;0.05). The addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in dairy cows’ diet did not improve the milk fat, hematological and biochemical/urine indicators in the experimental group (P &gt;0.05). However, for alkaline phosphatase, differences at the end of the study have been observed (P &lt;0.01). The beneficial effect of the yeast and yeast products in ruminants could be attributed to microbial activity by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in the rumen of the animals. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative source of economic protein, vitamins and minerals in dairy cows’ diet represents an effective measure to optimize animal productivity.

PSIII-20 Inclusion of a Live Yeast to Mixed Cereal Diets Improves Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Abstract As an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, live yeast supplementation has proven useful in reducing weaning stress and improving health and performance of piglets. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a high concentrated live yeast product (20 billion CFU/g) supplemented in post-weaning piglet diets without antibiotics. A total of 144 pigs Pietrain × [LW×Landrace] (average initial BW = 8.55 ± 1.5 kg) weaned at 28 days of life were used for a 6-week growth study to determine post-weaning performance. Pigs were assigned to 2 treatments; 0 (Control group; CT) and 1 g of live yeast/kg (Yeast Supplemented group; YS) feed to 12 replicate pens of 6 pigs (3 barrows; 3 gilts). Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated in pre-starter (days 0–14), starter (days 14–42) and in the whole nursery (days 0–42) periods. Data were analysed with ANOVA using PROC MIXED of SAS according to the completely randomized design. The model included initial BW as a covariant. Differences were deemed statistically significant when P ≤ 0.050 using a one tailed t-test. Live yeast supplementation improved ADG in starter (5.8%; P = 0.034) and in the whole nursery periods (7.0%; P = 0.045) compared with the CT group. Consequently, final BW was also higher in supplemented animals than in the CT (4.5%; P = 0.034). Differences in ADG were associated with differences in ADFI, higher in YS than in the CT group, both in starter (6.4%; P = 0.023) and in the whole nursery period (6.5%; P = 0.030). No differences were observed for FCR, mortality rate, and health incidences between dietary treatment groups. Therefore, supplementation of a live yeast to post-weaned piglets improved growth performance, confirming this product as an alternative to reduce antibiotic usage in nursery piglets.

Vitamin D2 production and in vitro ruminal degradation of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast in Thai native cattle

The purposes of this study were to investigate the optimum UV-B irradiation time needed to produce vitamin D enriched yeast and to promote in vitro ruminal degradation of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast in Thai native cattle. Baker’s yeast and S. cerevisiae were irradiated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24 hours. The UV-B irradiation of both yeast strains could significantly enhance vitamin D2 to the highest amount at 16 hours. The corn stover and TMR were studied for determination of in vitro ruminal degradation, included three treatments that involved each type of feed, namely feedstuff without supplementation, feedstuff with live yeast supplementation and feedstuff with UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast. Gas production data of the live yeast group and the UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast supplementation group, were significantly higher than those of the control groups for both types of feedstuffs. The vitamin D content of the vitamin D enriched yeast supplementation groups were not significantly different from those of the groups subjected to an initial incubation period (10.98 vs. 14.43μg, respectively). Therefore, after a period of irradiation of 16 hours, the two yeasts strain produced the highest vitamin D2 content, while Baker’s yeast produced vitamin D2 at higher amounts than S. cerevisiae. Notably, UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast improved the in vitro ruminal degradation, while also preventing a loss in the amount of vitamin D that was degraded by the rumen microorganisms.

Does Consumption of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Affect Their Fatty Acid Composition?

Fatty acids are important compounds for insects, but the requirements for essential fatty acids may differ between insect species. Most of the fatty acids are acquired through the insect’s diet; therefore, supplementing the diet with baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen), which produces unsaturated fatty acids, was predicted to affect the fatty acid composition of the insect. The tested insect was the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.), that is used as a source of protein and fat in feed. Therefore, there is importance for BSF larvae (BSFL) nutritional composition, especially the unsaturated fatty acids content, which is one of the nutritional limitations for mammalian diets. The dominant fatty acids of the tested BSFL were the saturated fatty acids: lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids, as found in other BSF studies. Oleic acid (c18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) were the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in the BSFL. The proportion of linoleic acid was higher in the substrate with the supplemental yeast; however, this did not affect its proportion in the larvae. The higher proportion of linoleic acid may have been exploited as a source for production of saturated lauric acid. Therefore, providing unsaturated fatty acids to the substrate through supplemental baker’s yeast is not the most efficient way to increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the larvae.

Effects of Glycerol-Producing Yeast Supplementation on Production Performance, Biochemical Indexes, Subclinical Ketosis Incidence and Rumen Fermentation Performance of Dairy Cows

Glycerol could be used to alleviate negative energy balance in highproducing dairy cows as an important precursor participating of glucose synthesis. However, some industrial glycerol may do harm to cow health because of some mixed toxic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glycerol-producing yeast prepared in our laboratory on improving the production performance and reducing the subclinical ketosis incidence of transition dairy cows. The results showed that the concentrations of the β-Hydroxybutyric Acid (BHBA) and Non-Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA) in the groups with glycerol-producing yeast were significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05), while the concentrations of glucose, TP and the production of propionic acid were significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) compared with the control groups on the 21st day. Moreover, the glycerol-producing yeast improved the milk quality by significantly increasing the rate of milk protein and milk fat (P&lt;0.05). Rumen fermentation performance was improved by supplementation of glycerol-producing yeast with significant increase in propionic acid and Microbial Crude Protein (MCP) concentrations (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation of glycerol-producing yeast reduced the incidence of subclinical ketosis by improving the blood glucose and NEFA concentration and decreasing the concentration of BHBA. In conclusion, glycerol-producing yeast supplementation benefits dairy cows on their production performance, some biochemical indexes, subclinical ketosis incidence and rumen fermentation performance. This study provided some supportive data for the application of glycerol-production yeast supplementation in dairy production.

Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

Effects of dietary live yeast supplementation on growth performance and biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs.

Study objectives were to determine the effects of dietary live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CNCM I-4407; ActisafHR+; 0.25g/kg of feed; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) on growth performance and biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation in heat-stressed and nutrient-restricted pigs. Crossbred barrows (n = 96; 79 ± 1 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked by initial BW and randomly assigned to one of six dietary-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) and fed ad libitum the control diet (TNCon), 2) TN and fed ad libitum a yeast containing diet (TNYeast), 3) TN and pair-fed (PF) the control diet (PFCon), 4) TN and PF the yeast containing diet (PFYeast), 5) heat stress (HS) and fed ad libitum the control diet (HSCon), or 6) HS and fed ad libitum the yeast diet (HSYeast). Following 5 d of acclimation to individual pens, pigs were enrolled in two experimental periods (P). During P1 (7 d), pigs were housed in TN conditions (20 °C) and fed their respective dietary treatments ad libitum. During P2 (28 d), HSCon and HSYeast pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to progressive cyclical HS (28–33 °C) while TN and PF pigs remained in TN conditions and were fed ad libitum or PF to their HSCon and HSYeast counterparts. Pigs exposed to HS had an overall increase in rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to TN pigs (0.3 °C, 5.5 °C, and 23 breaths per minute, respectively; P < 0.01). During P2, average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (30%; P < 0.01). Average daily gain and final BW decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (P < 0.01); however, no differences in feed efficiency (G:F) were observed between HS and TN treatments (P > 0.16). A tendency for decreased ADFI and increased G:F was observed in TNYeast relative to TNCon pigs (P < 0.10). Circulating insulin was similar between HS and TN pigs (P > 0.42). Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels decreased in HS compared to TN treatments (~19% and 20%, respectively; P < 0.05). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) did not differ across treatments (P > 0.57) but tended to decrease in HSYeast relative to HSCon pigs (P = 0.09). In summary, dietary live yeast did not affect body temperature indices or growth performance and had minimal effects on biomarkers of metabolism; however, it tended to improve G:F under TN conditions and tended to reduce the proinflammatory mediator TNF-α during HS. Further research on the potential role of dietary live yeast in pigs during HS or nutrient restriction scenarios is warranted.

Influences of Selenium-Enriched Yeast on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Pigs Exposure to Oxidative Stress.

This study elucidated the function role of dietary selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs exposure to oxidative stress. Thirty-two similarity weight pigs were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) nonchallenged control, (2) control+SeY, (3) control+diquat, and (4) control+SeY+diquat. The period of experiment was 21 days; on day 16, pigs were injected with diquat or sterile saline. Results revealed that oxidative stress was notably detrimental to the growth performance of piglets, but SeY supplementation ameliorated this phenomenon, which might be regarding the increasing of body antioxidant capacity and immune functions. In details, SeY supplementation improved the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ash, and gross energy (GE). Moreover, the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were reduced via SeY supplemented, and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA), IgG, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were improved in the diquat-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, SeY supplementation acutely enhanced the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the liver and thymus upon diquat challenge, which involved with the upregulation of the critical genes related antioxidant signaling such as the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P < 0.05). Importantly, we also found that SeY supplementation apparently reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver, thymus, and serum (P < 0.05). Specifically, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver and thymus were downregulated by SeY upon diquat challenge. These results suggested that SeY can attenuate oxidative stress-induced growth retardation, which was associated with elevating body antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and suppressed inflammatory response.

The impacts of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower and early finisher period, and supplementalSaccharomyces cerevisiaeon performance and rumen health in the late finisher period for feedlot cattle

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme pretreatment on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal pH throughout the grower and early finisher period (exp. 1), and to examine the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on intake, performance, and indicators of gut health in the late finisher period (exp. 2). A total of 54 steers were randomly assigned to a subgroup determining experimental treatment groups. In exp. 1, steers were randomized to control (CON1; no enzyme) or enzyme [ENZ; 0.75 mL·kg−1dry matter (DM) of feed] dietary treatments. Digestibility was improved (P ≤ 0.05) in ENZ steers for DM, crude protein, net energy for gain, and sugars but did not affect (P ≥ 0.12) dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), or reticulo-ruminal pH. In exp. 2, the treatments were control (CON2; no yeast) or yeast (YST; 3.0 g·animal−1daily) supplemented diets. Rumen papillae were collected for mRNA expression of gut barrier function (OCLN, CLDN, ZO1, and ZO2) and immune response (TLR2, TLR4, and FCAR) genes and histological measurements. Yeast supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.001) DMI by 31%, reduced variation in DMI, and improved feed conversion ratios but did not impact rumen health mRNA expression or histology measures (P ≥ 0.07). Overall, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of some nutrients in the grower period, and yeast supplementation improved feed efficiency, without impacting growth performance or gut health.

Replacement of fish meal with gamma‐ray irradiated soybean meal in the diets of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

This study evaluates the potential to replace fish meal with gamma-ray (γ) irradiated soybean meal (SM) in the diet of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and the role of brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in fish meal replacement. The reference diet (490 g kg−1 crude protein, 90 g kg−1 lipid and 400 g kg−1 fish meal) was formulated into six isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets. In the first three diets (S20, S40 and S60), 20%, 40% and 60% of fish meal in the reference diet was replaced with γ-irradiated SM, respectively. The brewer's yeast was then supplemented to diets S20, S40 and S60 at 10 g kg−1 to form other three diets (SY20, SY40 and SY60). The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks. Fish weight gain was not affected by the level of fish meal replacement, yeast supplementation and their interactions. Fish meal replacement and yeast supplementation significantly affected feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), retention efficiencies of nitrogen (NRE) and phosphorus (NRE), nitrogen waste, phosphorus waste and the ratio of fish meal consumption to fish production (RCP). The hepatosomatic index and body contents of moisture and lipid were dependent on the level of fish meal replacement. The contents of protein, ash and phosphorus in the whole body depended on fish meal replacement and the interaction between fish meal replacement and yeast supplementation. No significant difference was found in weight gain between fish fed the reference diet and six experimental diets. Feed intake and FCR were lower in fish fed the reference diet than those fed diets S20, S40, S60, SY20 and SY60. However, feed intake, FCR, NRE and nitrogen waste in fish fed diet SY40 did not differ from those fed the reference diet. The RCP declined with the decrease of dietary fish meal. This study indicates that the γ-irradiated SM is a promising ingredient as a fish meal substitute. Fish meal can be reduced to 160 g kg−1 with γ-irradiated SM as the substitute in the largemouth bass diet. The supplementation of S. cerevisiae at 10 g kg−1 did not show a positive role for the reduction of fish meal in the largemouth bass diet.

Dietary Inclusion of Blood Plasma with Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation Enhanced the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Lactobacillus Count, and Reduced Gas Emissions in Weaning Pigs.

Simple SummarySince 20th century, the use of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement has been increased in animals feed due to its promising effects and potential to brighten the livestock industry in future. The feed cost of blood plasma is very expensive and, due to its high cost, it has been used mainly in piglet diets. In this regard, we implemented 3% blood plasma with 3% yeast supplementation to piglets mainly from 0–7 days, and gradually reduced the concentration of blood plasma with yeast supplement to 1.5:1.5% from 8–21 days and observed how it affects the overall performance of pigs on the remaining days 22–42 fed only basal diet. As expected, piglets fed blood plasma with yeast supplement over 0–21 days has a great impact on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and gas emission at the end of the experiment. Thus, we suggest that blood plasma with yeast could be an excellent alternative in the livestock industry.This experiment was performed to examine the hypothesis that blood plasma (BP) with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement in the diet of weaning pigs could provoke the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and reduce harmful gas excretion. A total of one hundred and eighty healthy piglets were taken and assigned (complete random blocks) to three dietary treatments as: Phase 1: Treatment (TRT) 1-6% BP; TRT 2-3% BP + 3% yeast; TRT 3-6% yeast. Phase 2: TRT 1-3%; BP., TRT 2-1.5% BP + 1.5% yeast; TRT 3- 3% yeast. Phase 3: TRT 1- Control (CON) (Basal diet); TRT 2- CON; TRT 3- CON for six- weeks. Each treatment had twelve replicates and five (three gilts and two barrows) pigs per pen. Dietary inclusion of BP with yeast supplementation significantly increased the body weight of piglets during phase 2 (p = 0.003) and phase 3 (p = 0.032). In addition, TRT2 group piglets had a significant improvement in average daily gain at the end of each phase and overall (p = 0.047, 0.025, 0.018 and 0.012, respectively). At phase 3, TRT2 group piglets showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.012) and nitrogen (p = 0.040). The fecal microbiota of TRT2 group piglets showed a tendency to increase the number of Lactobacillus counts at phase 1 (p = 0.07) and phase 2 (p = 0.06) as well as, a significant improvement at phase 3 (p = 0.021). In addition, TRT2 group piglets had trend to decrease NH3 (p = 0.074) and H2S (p = 0.069) during phase 2, and significantly reduced NH3 (p = 0.038) and H2S (p = 0.046) at phase 3. However, the fecal score of piglets remains unaffected during the entire trial. At the end of phase 1 piglets’ IgG (p = 0.008) was significantly increased with the inclusion of BP with yeast supplementation. Based on the positive effects on body weight, average daily gain, nutrient digestibility, Lactobacillus count, and reduced gas emission, we suggest that dietary supplement with BP and yeast in the diet of weaned piglet could serve as an excellent alternative to antibiotics growth promoters.

Influence of Zinc Yeast Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant, and Immune Status of Growing Sahiwal Calves

Influence of Zinc Yeast Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant, and Immune Status of Growing Sahiwal Calves