Multi-enzyme Supplementation Research Articles

Nutrient composition of different varieties of full-fat canola seed and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy of full-fat canola seed with or without enzyme addition and thermal processing

SUMMARY Samples of 3 varieties of full-fat canola seed (FFCS), Okapi, Opera, and SLM046, were obtained from a local oilseed company, and chemical composition and mineral content of the 3 varieties were determined. Crude protein content of the canola seed ranged from 19.5 to 21.4%, with an average of 20.36 ± 0.85%. Ether extract of the canola seed ranged from 47.3 to 50.4%, with an average of 48.77 ± 0.92%. Composition of the main fatty acids in the oil was determined by gas chromatography. The saturated fatty acid content of Okapi and SLM046 (including palmitic and stearic acids) was very low compared with the unsaturated fatty acid content, and oleic acid (C18:1n-9 cis) constituted the highest proportion of fatty acids (52.56%) in SLM046 (with an average content of 35.84%). Canola seed is rich in C18:3n-3 fatty acids, and the oil of canola seed is an excellent source of α-linolenic acid (8 to 12%). The calcium content of Okapi, Opera, and SLM046 was 1.05, 0.97, and 0.7%, respectively. The average Mg content of canola seed was 0.14 ± 0.007%. Iron content ranged from 45.2 to 51.7 mg/kg in the 3 varieties of FFCS. Zinc content of Okapi, Opera, and SLM046 was 11.1, 17.6, and 13.7 mg/ kg, respectively. Mean content of Mn was 35.57 ± 0.57 mg/kg, and that of Cu was 11.97 ± 0.42 mg/kg in the FFCS samples. The effects of variety, enzyme addition, and thermal processing on the ME of ground FFCS were investigated in a TMEn assay with adult roosters. Ground FFCS samples were heated at 120°C for approximately 3 h in an electric oven. A currently available commercial multienzyme was added to the 3 raw varieties of FFCS at an inclusion level of 0.5%. The average TMEn content of ground FFCS was 5,495 kcal/kg, and a significant difference was found between the 3 varieties of canola seed (P < 0.05). The TMEn content of ground FFCS was not affected by thermal processing or multienzyme supplementation.

Effects of multi-enzyme supplementation on gut morphology and histomorphology in broilers

A biological trial in broilers was conducted with 7 treatments namely control (T1) as per nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994) specification, (T2) control plus 0.05 and (T3) 0.1% enzyme and control plus 0.05 and 0.1% enzyme, with (T4) 0.2%, (T5) 0.4% reduction in dicalcium phosphate with enzyme mixtures plus phytase with (T6) 2.5% and (T7) 5% reduction in metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and DL methionine with enzyme mixtures at 0.05 and 0.1% respectively. The villi height (μ) and villi width (μ) significantly (P<0.01) increased in enzyme treated groups (T2, T3, T4, T5 & T7 and T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 & T7 respectively) compared to that of control group. The number of crypts and goblet cells were decreased due to enzyme supplementation in T4, T5 and T7. The crypt height, crypt width and goblet cell height (μ) were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in all enzyme added groups than the control group. Similarly, the goblet cell width was reduced in T2, T4 and T5. No significant difference was noticed in intestinal weight (g/kg body wt.) and length (cm/kg body wt.) among the treatment groups. Keywords: Enzyme, phytase, villi, crypt, goblet cell, intestine.

Effects of Multi-enzyme Supplementation on Gut Morphology and Histomorphology in Broilers

A biological trial in broilers was conducted with 7 treatments namely control (T1) as per nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994) specification, (T2) control plus 0.05 and (T3) 0.1% enzyme and control plus 0.05 and 0.1% enzyme, with (T4) 0.2%, (T5) 0.4% reduction in dicalcium phosphate with enzyme mixtures plus phytase with (T6) 2.5% and (T7) 5% reduction in metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and DL methionine with enzyme mixtures at 0.05 and 0.1% respectively. The villi height (μ) and villi width (μ) significantly (P<0.01) increased in enzyme treated groups (T2, T3, T4, T5&T7 and T2, T3, T4, T5, T6&T7 respectively) compared to that of control group. The number of crypts and goblet cells were decreased due to enzyme supplementation in T4, T5 and T7. The crypt height, crypt width and goblet cell height (μ) were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in all enzyme added groups than the control group. Similarly, the goblet cell width was reduced in T2, T4 and T5. No significant difference was noticed in intestinal weight (g/kg body wt.) and length (cm/kg body wt.) among the treatment groups.

사료내 Aspergillus niger 유래 복합효소의 첨가가 포유모돈의 생산성, 유생산, 혈액성상 및 분배설량에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aspergillus niger-derived multi-enzyme complex supplementation to feed- restricted lactating sows on performances, milk yield, blood profiles, and manure excretion as compared with ad libitum-fed sows without supplementation of enzyme. Fifty multiparous lactating Berkshire sows were allotted to 5 treatments of 10 sows per treatment during a 28-d lactation period and litter per sow was standardized to 9 suckling piglets. Treatments were ad libitum-fed sows without enzyme and feed-restricted sows supplemented with four increasing levels (0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08%) of multi-enzyme complex derived from Aspergillus niger. Blood samples from all sows were collected to determine serum metabolite concentrations before the morning feeding on d 27 of lactation. Litter body weight and a piglet weight at weaning, and litter weight gain significantly (P 0.05) to less decrease with increasing levels of enzyme complex. Serum inorganic phosphorus and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing levels of enzyme complex. Daily milk yield was not significantly different across treatments, but milk fat yield significantly (P<0.05) increased as multi-enzyme complex level increased. Manure output was significantly (P<0.01) higher for ad libitum-fed sows than for feed-restricted sows, but there was no significant difference among feed-restricted sows supplemented with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex. Fecal phosphorus amount significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex. Feed costs of sows per litter weight gain were reduced by 1.25% to 9.67% with increasing levels of multi-enzyme complex as compared with ad libitum-fed sows without enzyme. The results indicated that multi-enzyme supplementation to feed-restricted lactating sows not only increased litter performances, but also was comparable to ad libitum-fed sows, resulting in reduced feed costs. Moreover, the reduction of fecal phosphorus amount with increasing levels of enzyme complex would contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution. (Key words : Lactating sows, Multi-enzyme complex, Litter weight gain, Milk fat yield, Fecal phosphorus)

Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Performance, Carcass characteristics, Carcass Composition and Some Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicken

Problem statement: Endogenous enzymes of broilers cannot adequately digest nonstarch polysaccharides and subsequently the ingestion of high levels of soluble NSP leads to increased digesta viscosity and reduced nutrient digestibility and absorption. Supplementation of NSPs degrading enzymes may remove the anti nutritive effects of NSPs and release some nutrients (starch, protein) from these elements. Therefore, in a completely randomized design the effects of a multi-enzyme (Endofeed W produced from Aspergillus niger, with minimum activity of 2250 u g−1 xylanase and 700 u g−1 β-glucanase) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, carcass composition and some blood parameters in Cobb 500 broilers fed on corn-soybean meal-wheat diets were studied. Approach: A total of 150 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were used in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 3 replicates. The main ingeridients of diets included corn, soybean meal and wheat. The enzyme levels added to the diets were 0.00 (control) and 500 mg kg−1 DM. Results: Enzyme supplementation significantly improved relative growth, energy efficiency and protein efficiency from 11-28 days of age. Adding enzyme significantly decreased body weight gain, feed intake and improved feed to gain ratio, energy efficiency and protein efficiency from 29-44 days of age (p<0.05). Relative growth, energy efficiency and protein efficiency was increased and body weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio was decreased by enzyme supplementation from 1-44 days (p<0.05). Enzyme addition significantly increased carcass and thighs + drumsticks percentages at 44 days of age. Adding enzyme significantly increased the concentration of blood Triiodothyronine (T3) at 28 and 44 days and reduced the concentration of blood Thyroxine (T4) at 44 days of age. Enzyme inclusion increased the concentration of blood total cholesterol at 10, 28 and 44 days of age, however triglyceride concentrations increased at 10 and 44 days (p<0.05). The concentration of blood uric acid was significantly decreased at 28 and 44 days in broilers fed enzyme supplemented diets. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that supplementation diets with 500 mg kg−1 multi-enzyme (Endofeed W) in corn-soybean meal-wheat based diet improved broiler chickens feed to gain ratio, carcass yield and it can change the concentrations of thyroid hormones and some metabolites in blood, but it had not significant effect on carcass composition.

Effect of multienzyme supplementation on weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and blood glucose in broiler chickens

Effect of multienzyme supplementation on weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and blood glucose in broiler chickens

The Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Blood Parameters of Broilers Fed on Corn-Soybean Meal-Wheat Diets

In a completely randomized design the effects of a multi-enzyme (Endo-feed-W) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of Cobb 500 broilers fed on corn - soybean meal-wheat diets were studied. The enzyme levels added to the diets were 0.00% (control) and 500mg kg DM. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved body weight gain, feed to gain ratio, relative -1 growth, energy and protein efficiency from 11-28 d of age. Adding enzyme significantly increased body weight gain, decreased feed intake and improved feed to gain ratio, energy and protein efficiency from 29-44 d of age (p<0.05). Body weight gain, feed intake, relative growth, energy and protein efficiency was increased and feed to gain ratio was decreased by enzyme supplementation from 29-44 d (p<0.05). Enzyme addition significantly increased carcass and thigh percentages at 44 d of age. Adding enzyme significantly increased the concentration of blood triiodothyronine (T ) at 28 and 42 d and reduced the concentration of blood thyroxin 3 (T ) at 42 d of age. Enzyme inclusion increased the concentration of blood total cholesterol at 10, 28 and 42 4 d of age, however HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased at d 10 and 42 (p<0.05). The concentration of blood uric acid was significantly decreased at d 28 and 42 in broilers fed enzyme supplemented diets.

Growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs fed wheat distillers dried grains with solubles-based diets supplemented with a multicarbohydrase enzyme1

The objective was to investigate the effect of supplementing a wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (wheat DDGS)-based diet with carbohydrase enzyme blends on growth performance and nutrient digestibilities in growing and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 pigs with a BW of 36.5 +/- 1.03 kg (mean +/- SD) were randomly assigned to 24 pens (2 pigs per pen) on the basis of sex and BW, and pigs were randomly allocated to experimental diets (6 pens per diet). Dietary treatments were a positive control (PC) formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1998) nutrient requirements and a negative control (NC) with DE and Lys reduced by 4 and 5%, respectively, from the PC diet and fed without or with an enzyme blend at 2 levels. Level 1 enzyme supplied 2,600 U of xylanase, 1,200 U of beta-glucanase, and 1,300 U of cellulase per kg of diet; level 2 enzyme provided twice the activities for each enzyme in level 1 per kilogram of diet. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. Pigs fed the NC diet had less (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed the PC diet. Supplementing the NC diet with enzyme blends linearly increased ADG (P < 0.01). The ADFI was not affected by dietary treatment. The PC diet had greater (P = 0.04) G:F compared with the NC diet, but not the enzyme-supplemented diets. Pigs fed the PC diet had greater (P < 0.01) digestibilities of N, GE, and ether extract compared with those fed the NC diet. Addition of level 2 enzyme to the NC diet improved (P < 0.05) digestibilities of DM, N, GE, and ether extract to levels similar (P > 0.05) to those fed the PC diet. In Exp. 2, 4 ileal cannulated barrows (80.8 kg of BW; SD = 0.65) were allotted to 4 diets in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Experimental diets contained 15 or 30% wheat DDGS and were fed without or with enzyme addition. The enzyme supplement supplied 2,200 U of xylanase, 1,100 U of beta-glucanase, and 1,200 U of cellulase per kg of diet. Apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of DM, OM, and energy in enzyme-supplemented diets were greater (P < 0.05) than in unsupplemented diets. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.05) of wheat DDGS inclusion level and enzyme supplementation on AID of DM and Ser. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) AID of DM in the diet with 30% wheat DDGS but not 15% wheat DDGS. The results shows that multienzyme supplementation of 30% wheat DDGS-based diet improved growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of DM, N, GE, and crude fiber in growing pigs and AID of nutrients in finishing pigs.

The effects of multi-enzyme addition on performance of broiler chicks

Today the use of enzymes is common in practical poultry nutrition. Enzyme supplementation usually result in numerous beneficial effects, such as increased utilization of nutrients (e.g. fat &amp; protein), improved AME values, increased growth rate, improved feed conversion ratio, decreased viscosity of intestinal digesta, reduced incidence of sticky excreta and improved litter conditions (Broz and Ward., 2007). The use of multi enzymes to improve the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-wheat diets for broilers is less well documented than wheat and barely diets. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a multi-enzyme supplementation on the performance of broiler chicks fed on corn-soybean meal-wheat diets.

The effect of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal in diets with multi-enzyme supplement on performance and protein digestibility in broiler chicks

The effect of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal in diets with multi-enzyme supplement on performance and protein digestibility in broiler chicks

Estimation of Nutrient Equivalency Values of Natuzyme and Its Effects on Broiler Chick Performance

SUMMARY Two experiments were carried out to estimate nutrient equivalency of a commercial multienzyme (Natuzyme) and its effects on broiler chick performance. Experiment 1 was carried out using a completely randomized design to evaluate the response of chicks to Natuzyme (with different equivalency values assigned by the producer) in corn-soybean meal-based diets. Dietary treatments 1 and 6 were negative and positive controls, respectively. Diets 2 through 5 were graded levels of nutrient equivalency values of Natuzyme. Each diet was offered to 5 replicates of 16 chicks (n = 480). In experiment 2, a total of 480 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 to 4 varied in ME, CP, and nonphytate P content, but in all cases, the ratio between these nutrients remained constant, and treatments 5 to 8 included graded levels of Natuzyme from 0.1 to 0.4 g/kg. Results of experiment 1 show that multi-enzyme supplementation could not restore chick performance to the levels equal to positive control. Equivalency values of Natuzyme for ME, nonphytate P, and CP obtained were 195,180 kcal/kg and 188.45 and 1,170%, respectively. As obtained in the first experiment, performance of chicks in the second experiment showed that Natuzyme did not liberate nutrient equivalency values recommended by the producer for broiler chicks when fed corn-soybean meal-based diets.

Multi-Enzyme Supplementation to Peak Producing Hens Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Based Diets

Multi-Enzyme Supplementation to Peak Producing Hens Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Based Diets

Chemical composition and nutritive value of kapok seed meal for broiler chickens

1. Mechanically extracted kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed meal (KSM) contained 324 g crude protein, 97 g ether extract, 289 g fibre, 94 g ash, 128 g available carbohydrates, 3·8 g calcium, 11 g phosphorus, 10·4 g cyclopropenoid fatty acids and 15 g tannins per kg. 2. In a 4 × 2 factorial experiment, KSM was incorporated in broiler starter and finisher feeds at 0, 30, 60 and 90 g/kg, replacing sunflower meal (SFM) w/w; without and with multi-enzyme supplementation. 3. No significant differences were noticed between treatments in body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, mortality or carcase yields. 4. Multi-enzyme (amylase, endoxylanase, hemicellulase, β-glucanase, pectinase, phytase and protease) supplementation did not improve the growth performance of broilers fed on the KSM diets.

Chemical composition and nutritive value of kapok seed meal for broiler chickens

1. Mechanically extracted kapok (Ceiba pentandra) seed meal (KSM) contained 324 g crude protein, 97 g ether extract, 289 g fibre, 94 g ash, 128 g available carbohydrates, 3·8 g calcium, 11 g phosphorus, 10·4 g cyclopropenoid fatty acids and 15 g tannins per kg. 2. In a 4 × 2 factorial experiment, KSM was incorporated in broiler starter and finisher feeds at 0, 30, 60 and 90 g/kg, replacing sunflower meal (SFM) w/w; without and with multi-enzyme supplementation. 3. No significant differences were noticed between treatments in body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, mortality or carcase yields. 4. Multi-enzyme (amylase, endoxylanase, hemicellulase, β-glucanase, pectinase, phytase and protease) supplementation did not improve the growth performance of broilers fed on the KSM diets.

Effect of multi-enzyme supplements on the growth performance of piglets during the pre- and post-weaning periods

Voluntary feed intake (VFI) and daily gain (DG) were measured in pre- and post-weaning piglets which were offered a control diet or one of three commercial multi-enzyme supplements (ME1, ME2 and ME3; Experiments 1–3 respectively). ME1, ME2 and ME3 all contained starch and fibre degrading enzymes, ME1 and ME2 also contained a protease and lipase. In all experiments litter groups were paired on the basis of initial weight and size, with one of each pair receiving the plus enzyme treatment. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 were conducted with 166, 192 and 234 piglets from 24, 21 and 26 litters respectively. The wheat-based control diet was formulated to 15 MJ of digestible energy and 10 g of available lysine kg −1. Each multi-enzyme supplement was added at 2 g kg −1. Creep feeding of litter groups commenced when piglets were 21 (Experiment 1) or 14 (experiments 2 and 3) days of age. Piglets were weaned at approximately 28 days of age. VFI and DG were measured weekly for 21 days post-weaning. Multi-enzyme supplementation (control vs ME supplement) did not change post-weaning VFI (474 vs 438 g day −1) or DG (309 vs 319 g day −1) in experiment 1 (ME1) or experiment 2 (ME2) (VFI: 527 vs 517 g day −1; DG: 299 vs 282 g day −1). In experiment 3, ME3 supplementation reduced both post-weaning VFI (563 vs 491 g day −1; P = 0.03) and also reduced DG between 14 and 21 days post-weaning (576 vs 499 g day −1; P = 0.03). These results indicate that supplementing a wheat-based creep-weaner diet with these commercial enzyme supplements provided no beneficial effect and may be detrimental.

Digestibility and protein utilization responses of soybean and rape seed meal to physical and enzymatic treatments in diets for growing pigs

The effects of extrusion, hydrothermal processing and enzyme pretreatment of soybean meals (SBM) and rapeseed meals (RSM) and the multienzyme supplementation of diets on nutrient digestibility, protein utilization and performance were investigated in growing pigs. The study was comprised of two separate total-collection digestibility and balance trials with 6x6 Latin square designs and a production trial with 140 growing pigs. The processes employed had only minor effects on the chemical composition of the treated oilseed meals. Extrusion and addition of enzyme premix improved the organic matter (OM) and protein (CP) digestibilities of SBM (P