Milk Supplementation Research Articles

Effect of two milk supplements and two ways of administration on growth performance, welfare and fecal microbial ecology of suckling piglets.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two MS formulas, DanMilk™ (AB Neo, Denmark) (MS1) and Neopigg® RescueMilk (Provimi, Netherlands) (MS2) administered manually and to compare two ways of administration (manual vs automatic) of MS1 on growth performance, health, fecal microbial profile, behavior, and skin lesions of piglets during suckling and post-weaning. Forty litters (528 piglets) were divided into 4 groups: 1) Control group receiving no MS (CON); 2) MS1 administered automatically (A-MS1); 3) MS1 administered manually (Ma-MS1) 4) MS2 administered manually (Ma-MS2). All groups had access to sow milk and creep feed. On day 5 after birth (d0), litters were equalized (13.2 piglets/litter ± 0.8 SD), thereafter no cross-fostering was allowed. Piglets were weighed at day 5 after birth (d0), at the end of milk supplementation (d14), at weaning (d21 of the trial, 26 days of age) and ten days post-weaning (d31). Piglet welfare was assessed using behavioral and lesion measures at d4 and d10. Feces were collected at d14 and d21. During the suckling period, A-MS1 had lowest mortality (p < 0.05), while Ma-MS1 had lower mortality compared with CON and Ma-MS2 (p < 0.05). Negative social behavior at d4, was more frequent in MS groups (A-MS1, Ma-MS1, Ma-MS2) compared to CON group (p = 0.03). Growth performance and lesion prevalence were not affected by MS provision. During lactation, Ma-MS2 group had a higher percentage of piglets not eating during suckling at d18 compared with Ma-MS1 (p = 0.03). MS1 increased microbial diversity compared with CON at d14 (Chao1, p = 0.02; Shannon, p = 0.03) and compared with CON (Shannon, p < 0.05; InvSimpson, p = 0.01) and Ma-MS2 (Chao1, p < 0.05; Shannon, p = 0.05, InvSimpson p = 0.01) at d21. Groups that received MS1 were characterized by genera producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e., Lachnospiraceae (A-MS1) and Oscillospiraceae (Ma-MS1). MS composition and availability can contribute to reduce piglet's mortality during the suckling phase and can also affect intestinal microbiota by favoring the presence of SCFAs producing bacteria.

РІСТ ТА РОЗВИТОК ПОРОСЯТ ЗА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВІТАМІНУ Е І ЦИТРАТІВ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ФЕРУМУ, ЦИНКУ ТА ГЕРМАНІЮ

Для підтримки росту і розвитку поросят необхідна певна кількість поживних речовин, які вони отримують з молоком свиноматки, та підгодівля кормами з високим вмістом енергії. Період відлучення поросят від свиноматок також є стресовим у технології виробництва свинини у промислових умовах і потребує значної підтримки та застосування мінераловмісних і антиоксидантних препаратів для поросят. Такі препарати мають містити вітаміни та мікроелементи в біологічно активній формі. Серед таких препаратів є нанопрепарати вітамінів і мікроелементів. Використання їх у тій формі, у якій вони містяться та функціонують в організмі – у формі карбоксилатів харчових кислот, насамперед у вигляді цитратів, які в разі знаходження у клітині безпосередньо беруть участь у циклі Кребса.

Evaluation of the nutrients in milk supplements suitable for children using LIBS and PAS technique

The presence of macro and micro nutrients essential for human health in four milk supplements is quickly identified using Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). In addition to the minerals reported by the manufacturers, some additional spectral signatures of the elements like Na and K are also observed in the LIBS spectra which are not listed by some manufacturers. The ratio of various minerals like Ca/Mg, Na/Mg, etc. has been evaluated, and found a good correlation with the nutritional value listed on the product packaging. The organic elements C, H, N, and O together with the CN molecular band observed in the LIBS spectra of milk supplement indicate the presence of organic molecules. PAS is used for the identification of organic compounds such as Vitamins, Proteins, Fat, Taurine, and Sucrose in milk supplements. The results of the present study help in selecting milk supplements suitable for children suffering from chronic kidney diseases and diabetes. Based on the presence of minerals and their relative concentration, milk supplements are classified into three groups by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Therefore, the results from the present work extend the application of LIBS and PAS together with PCA for the identification of the nutrients in milk supplements.

Literature Review : Feeding Comfort With Stunting Problems in Toddlers

The poor practice of complementary feeding (MPASI) is one of the most common problems in developing countries. This can lead to poor absorption of nutrients, especially protein, which is associated with problems related to physical growth disorders such as stunting in children under the age of 5 years. This study used a cross-sectional design intending to clarify the relationship between complementary feeding practices and the risk of stunting in children aged 6 to 12 months from Central Lombok. It was an analytical observational study. A total of 206 children with an average age of 9.3 months were selected as the subjects of this study using cluster sampling. Most of them are women. This study analyzed four parameters of the practice of giving complementary foods, namely the age of the first time complementary foods, types of complementary foods, the frequency of complementary foods, and the frequency of complementary foods. This study found a significant relationship between the frequency of complementary feeding (p=0.047, 95%CI) and the number of complementary foods given (p = 0.020, 95% CI) with the risk of developmental disorders in children. On the other hand, other parameters such as age at initiation of complementary foods and solid food texture were not significantly associated with the risk of growth retardation. One of the factors that directly affect stunting in children under the age of 2 years is intake factors such as breast milk (ASI) and breast milk supplements (MPASI).

Možnosti řešení velkých vrhů selat

The aim of the first experiment was to verify the effectiveness and profitability of providing supplemental feed to piglets. The milk feed mixture of two producers (MFM-1 vs MFM-2) were evaluated (served ad libitum). All piglets were suckled and were fed with the pre-starter feed mixture from the 5th day until the weaning stage. The control group without milk supplements has shown a higher piglet mortality and worse body condition of sows. The usage of milk supplements led to the elimination of the sow body condition loss during the suckling period and reduced feed mixture consumption in sows (P<0.05). The MFM-1 group was found to have a higher consumption of milk supplements, the lowest mortality and the lowest loss of sow body condition (P<0.05). However, from the economic point of view, i.e. the costs on 1 weaned pig, slightly better results have been proven at the MFM-2 milk supplement. In the second experiment sows were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, the piglets were fed with milk substitute and in the second group, nurse sows (15% of the herd) were used. Nurse sows had a longer suckling period and farrowing interval, a slightly lower number of litters per sow per year and by 0.93 lower number weaning piglets per year. Using the milk substitute, generated a higher business profit per year than for nurse sows. However, the fact that nurse sows block the farrowing pen should be taken into account. In case that fewer sows were kept, business profit would be higher.

Allergology: what's new in 2022

The study of reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has marked a large part of the literature in the last two years, using the basophil activation test (BAT) as a potential diagnostic tool for reactions to Covid-19 vaccines. In allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, lirentelimab (a humanised monoclonal antibody against lectin 8), reduces patients' symptoms and atopic comorbidities. In severe asthma, tezepelumab (human monoclonal antibody) reduces the annual asthma exacerbation rate over 52 weeks. In terms of diet, the new EAACI guidelines recommend avoiding cow's milk supplementation in infants during the first three days of life to reduce the risk of cow's milk allergy.

Paper microzone assay embedded on a 3D printed support for colorimetric quantification of proteins in different biological and food samples.

This study describes the development of a paper microzone colorimetric assay embedded on a 3D printed support for quantifying total protein content in different biological matrices and foods. The aim was to develop an accurate and reliable method, ensuring at the same time the possibility of customizability, facility of use, wide applicability, and reduced analysis for both time and costs. The device consists of a 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane support housing the detection substrate (GF/F glass microfiber). The bromophenol blue (BPB) assay was optimized in this substrate to quantify total protein content. The analytical performance, assessed through image analysis, indicated that the hue factor of the HSV colour space represents the best analytical signal (r2 > 0.98%). The optimized assay ensures a sufficiently low limit of detection (0.05 mg mL-1), and an accuracy between 92% and 95%. The bioanalytical feasibility was demonstrated through total protein concentration measurement in different biological matrices (bee venom and mouse brain tissue), and foods (soya milk, cow's milk and protein supplements). The obtained values showed a strong agreement with those derived from a standard spectrophotometric analysis. Overall, the paper microzone BPB assay may represent an important contribution to protein quantification technology and could significantly impact many areas, such as quality control analysis and pre-clinical laboratory analysis.

Development of probiotic yogurt from almond and cow’s milk using Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of almond milk supplementation on the growth and viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) in yogurt samples over 6 h of fermentation and 30 days of refrigerated storage. Design/methodology/approach Four yogurt treatments (T1–T4) were inoculated with the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GR-1 and fermented for 6 h at 37°C and then placed in refrigerated storage at 4°C for 30 days. Microbial and pH analysis of each sample was conducted every 2 h throughout the fermentation period and on Days 1, 15 and 30 of cold storage to determine the viability of L. rhamnosus GR-1. Findings All samples achieved mean microbial counts of at least 108 CFU/mL during fermentation and storage. During fermentation, mean microbial counts increased for all treatments; however, differences in mean microbial counts between treatments were not significant. During storage, the mean microbial count for T4 at 15 and 30 days was significantly higher (p = 0.031) than microbial counts on Day 1. However, mean microbial counts did not differ significantly across all storage time points for treatments 1, 2 and 3 (p &gt; 0.05). These results suggest that the addition of almond milk, in combination with cow’s milk, is suitable for propagating and preserving the viability of L. rhamnosus GR-1 in yogurt. Originality/value There is a consumer shift towards plant-based products due to health, environmental and ethical reasons. Almond milk is a popular nondairy alternative that provides enhanced nutritional value to traditionally dairy-based probiotic yogurts. L. rhamnosus GR-1 is an especially beneficial probiotic for women as it colonizes the gut and vaginal epithelium, promoting urogenital health, including preventing the recurrence of urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis.

Maternal perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding support in Baby-Friendly hospitals: An integrative review.

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aims to improve breastfeeding by implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Ten Steps) into routine breastfeeding support in birth hospitals. Maternal perspective to breastfeeding support is important to consider as mothers and their infants are in the center of that support. To review and synthesize the existing literature on maternal perceptions and experiences of breastfeeding support in Baby-Friendly hospitals. A sub-aim was to describe differences in breastfeeding support between Baby-Friendly hospitals and non-Baby-Friendly hospitals from maternal perspective. An integrative literature review. A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2021 in five databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science. Original peer-reviewed studies published in English exploring maternal viewpoints on breastfeeding support in Baby-Friendly hospitals were included. Two reviewers independently screened the titles (n=914), abstracts (n=226), and full texts (n=47). The review comprised of seventeen studies and includes both quantitative studies (n=14) and qualitative studies (n=3). Inductive content analysis and descriptive synthesis were conducted. Most studies (n=14) measured hospitals' compliance with the Ten Steps practices from maternal perspective. Mothers were provided with breastfeeding information and encouragement, however, a qualitative finding indicated that information focused on positive aspects of breastfeeding. Early skin-to-skin contact between the mother and infant was well facilitated although often not lasting more than 30 min. Breastfeeding was facilitated by practical support but according to findings of two qualitative studies, support was not always adequate to address mothers' problems with breastfeeding. Most mothers were exclusively breastfeeding during the hospital stay and no supplemental milk was offered to infant. Mothers were roomed-in together with their infant and were mostly encouraged to breastfeed on demand. Differences between Baby-Friendly hospitals and non-Baby-Friendly hospitals were observed particularly for steps 6 and 9: supplementary feeding and pacifier use were less common in Baby-Friendly hospitals. From the maternal perspective, breastfeeding support in the Baby-Friendly hospitals was mainly but not completely in adherence with the Ten Steps practices. Low compliance with some of the Ten Steps indicates a need for a more frequent assessment of the breastfeeding support practices and consideration of strategies facilitating a more sustainable implementation of the initiative. Regardless of some shortcomings with the breastfeeding support, mothers were mainly satisfied with the support in the hospital. Mothers in the Baby-Friendly hospitals perceived that breastfeeding support was more adherent to the Ten Steps compared to mothers in non-Baby-Friendly hospitals.

The effect of high protein milk supplementation on satiety in normal weight subjects

Obesity has become a serious problem in the world. Protein is known for giving higher satiety rather than other macronutrients. However, most studies conducted their research on, either overweight or obese subjects, whereas the satiety response might be different. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of high protein milk (HPM) supplementation on self-reported satiety and energy intake in healthy adult men with normal BMI (18.5 – 22.9 kg/m2 ). In a controlled single-blind cross-over study, 17 healthy adult men (age 27±5 years; BMI 21.4±1.13 kg/m2 ) attended 2 sessions 1 week apart. In each session, all participants consumed a drink of 200 mL HPM (12 g protein, 2.5 g fat, 12 g carbohydrate, 120 kcal) or standard protein milk (SPM) (4g protein, 2.5 g fat, 20 g carbohydrate, 120 kcal) together with standardized breakfast±4 hours before ad libitum lunch. The result showed that fullness and hunger ratings were significantly greater on HPM supplementation than SPM (P = 0.031, P = 0.043, respectively). However, there was no significant effect on the rating of the desire to eat (P = 0.123) and energy intake during lunch (P = 0.926). The results support the hypothesis that supplementation of HPM could improve satiety in healthy adult men with normal BMI.

Abstract 14096: Examination of the Serum Metabolome After Dietary Carbohydrate, Milk Protein, and Soy Protein Interventions Identified Novel Metabolites for Blood Pressure: The ProBP Trial

Introduction: In the Protein and Blood Pressure (ProBP) trial, milk and soy protein supplements reduced blood pressure (BP) compared to carbohydrate intervention. We investigated the underlying mechanisms influencing the effects. Methods: Serum metabolites were profiled at pre-trial baseline and after supplementation with carbohydrate, soy protein, and milk protein, respectively, among 80 ProBP participants. We tested the mediating and modifying effects of metabolites on BP-lowering effects of soy and milk protein interventions. Results: Dietary interventions significantly ( P &lt;6.49х10 -4 ) changed 40 metabolites, of which 29 had reduced levels. Two clusters of metabolites mediated 45.5% and 100% of the effects of soy and milk protein interventions, respectively. Within the clusters, lipid 4-cholesten-3-one had the largest effect and mediated 12.7% ( P =0.03) and 16.3% ( P =0.045) of the effects of soy and milk protein interventions, respectively. At baseline, amino acids 5-oxoproline and taurine, lysophospholipid 1-arachidonoyl-GPA(20:4) , and acylcholines oleoylcholine , dihomo-linolenoyl-choline , and arachidonoylcholine predicted BP increase during carbohydrate intervention; while lipids N-stearoyl-sphinganine(d18:0/18:0) and isoursodeoxycholate and peptide gamma-glutamylserine predicted less reduction of BP during soy protein and milk protein supplements ( P &lt;6.49х10 -4 ). Finally, effects of soy and milk protein interventions on systolic and diastolic BP were influenced by changes of isobutyrylglycine ( P for interaction=0.02 and 9.12х10 -5 , respectively). In the bottom tertile of isobutyrylglycine changes, soy and milk protein reduced 5.10 ( P =0.03) and 4.43 ( P =0.01) mmHg systolic BP and 3.22 ( P =0.03) and 3.12 ( P =0.04) mmHg diastolic BP, respectively; while in the top tertile, the two interventions had no or increasing effects on systolic (β soy protein =-0.04, P =0.98; β milk protein =-2.34, P =0.25) and diastolic BP (β soy protein =3.19, P =0.02; β milk protein =1.08, P =0.43). Conclusions: We documented serum metabolites altered by dietary carbohydrate, milk protein, and soy protein interventions, and identified important metabolites mediating or modifying the BP-lowering effect of milk and soy protein interventions.

Experiences and attitudes related to newborn feeding in central Uganda: A qualitative study.

ObjectiveAdequate infant nutrition is a critical cornerstone of population health, yet adherence to recommended breastfeeding practices is low in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. This study aims to describe local attitudes, experiences and beliefs related to nutrition in early infancy in Central UgandaDesignWe conducted 5 focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews to gather information on local attitudes, experiences and beliefs related to feeding in early infancy.SettingUrban areas of Central Uganda.ParticipantsParents and healthcare and public health professionals.ResultsParticipants reported numerous concerns related to infant health including inadequate infant weight, premature birth, diarrhea, fever, gastrointestinal infection and malnutrition. Awareness of the infant health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding was prevalent but experienced as in balance with maternal factors that might lead to supplementation, including employment demands, physical appearance, pain, poverty and maternal health and malnutrition. Breastfeeding was highly valued, but use of unsafe breast milk supplements was common, including cow’s milk, black tea, glucose water, fruit juice, millet, maize, rice, potatoes, soy, sorghum, egg yolk, fish and ghee. Expression of breast milk was viewed as not consonant with local culture.ConclusionsParticipants were aware of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding but described multiple barriers to achieving it. Supplementation with unsafe breastmilk supplements was considered to be more culturally consonant than milk expression and was reported to be the only affordable potential breast milk substitute for many families.

A sensitive method for determination of nimesulide and its hydroxy metabolite in milk using validated UPLC-MS method

Nimesulide is a widely used drug for the treatment of pain in humans as well as in animals. The presence of trace amounts of drugs in milk or other food supplement affects seriously human health. This study reports a method based on LC-MS detection for the determination of nimesulide and its hydroxy metabolite in cow milk samples. Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm), with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1 was used for the chromatographic separation. The ion scans were quantified at m/z 307.0393 for nimesulide, m/z 323.0375 for hydroxy nimesulide metabolite and m/z 434.2198 for IS (valsartan) in negative ESI mode. A double extraction method with protein precipitation by acetonitrile followed by solid-phase extraction was developed to detect nimesulide at 1.30 ng mL−1 and hydroxy nimesulide at 1.03 ng mL−1 in milk. The calibration curve was constructed for nimesulide in the range of 1.30 ng mL−1 to 125.07 ng mL−1 while for hydroxy nimesulide calibration curve was constructed in the range of 1.03 ng mL−1 to 99.70 ng mL−1 in whole cow milk without any treatment. The validation parameters like accuracy, precision, selectivity, stability, matrix effect and dilution integrity were also performed on nimesulide and hydroxy nimesulide. The developed processing and chromatographic method can be used to quantitatively determine nimesulide or its hydroxy nimesulide metabolite in biological matrices, i.e., milk, plasma, faecal, tissue, etc.

Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk supplementation on ileal microbiota, transcriptomic profile, and mucosal immunity in weaned piglets

BackgroundLactic acid bacteria (LAB) participating in milk fermentation naturally release and enrich the fermented dairy product with a broad range of bioactive metabolites, which has numerous roles in the intestinal health-promoting of the consumer. However, information is lacking regarding the application prospect of LAB fermented milk in the animal industry. This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk (LFM) on the growth performance, intestinal immunity, microbiota composition, and transcriptomic responses in weaned piglets. A total of 24 male weaned piglets were randomly divided into the control (CON) and LFM groups. Each group consisted of 6 replicates (cages) with 2 piglets per cage. Each piglet in the LFM group were supplemented with 80 mL LFM three times a day, while the CON group was treated with the same amount of drinking water.ResultsLFM significantly increased the average daily gain of piglets over the entire 14 d (P < 0.01) and the average daily feed intake from 7 to 14 d (P < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, ileal goblet cell count, villus-crypt ratio, sIgA, and lactate concentrations in the LFM group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of ileal mucosa identified 487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups. Especially, DEGs involved in the intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways, such as polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01) by LFM supplementation. Moreover, trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) in the LFM group, one of the DEGs involved in the secretory function of goblet cells, was also significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of microbiota demonstrated that LFM led to selective enrichment of lactate-producing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in the ileum, such as an increase in the relative abundance of Enterococcus (P = 0.09) and Acetitomaculum (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLFM can improve intestinal health and immune tolerance, thus enhancing the growth performance of weaned piglets. The changes in microbiota and metabolites induced by LFM might mediate the regulation of the secretory function of goblet cells.

Metagenomic insights into the modulatory effects of kelp powder (Thallus laminariae)-Treated dairy milk on growth performances and physiological lipometabolic processes of kunming mice.

Kelp powder, supplemented with a dairy cow diet, effectively improved the milk polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content. However, little information exists on the downstream effects of the kelp-treated milk on body health, gut microbiota, and nutrient metabolism. For this purpose, 48 3-week old Kunming (KM) male mice with an average body weight of 16.1 g ± 0.2 g were randomly divided into the control treatment (CON, fed with standard chow), the common milk supplement treatment (Milk), and the kelp powder-treated milk supplement treatment (KPM). The experiment lasted for 35 days, with a 7-day long adaptive period and a 28-day long main trial. Phenotypic parameters including growth performances and serum lipids-related parameters were first measured, and results indicated that Milk and KPM supplement significantly promoted the total body weight gain (P < 0.05), while significantly decreasing the feed conversion ratio compared with CON (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the blood lipids content among all three treatments, however, the triglyceride content showed a decreasing trend after KPM supplement treatment. Further, activities of liver lipometabolic-related enzymes were investigated to determine the underlying factors that impacted physiological lipid metabolism. KPM treatment showed a significant reductive effect on the activity of lipogenesis-related enzymes, such as FAS and ACC, while a significant stimulative effect on the activity of lipolysis-related enzymes included the ATGL and CPT1 compared with CON (P < 0.05). Finally, gastrointestinal tract development and cecal microbiota community that correlated with body lipid degradation and absorption were measured to determine the underlying mechanism of KPM supplementation on physiological lipid metabolism. Results indicated that supplementation with KPM significantly enhanced cecal bacteria diversity which was reflected in the significant increase of Chao1 and ACE indexes. Besides, starch-degraded bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcaceae, and Streptococcus are significant decreased (P < 0.05), while cellulose-degraded bacteria including Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium are significantly increased (P < 0.05) after KPM supplement, which may further restrict the energy generation and therefore reduce the lipid deposition. In summary, kelp supplement helped increase the milk PUFAs content, enhance the bacterial diversity and relative abundances of probiotics, which finally modulated physiological lipid metabolism, and promote growth performances.

The Study of the Duration of Management of a Malnourished Child using Cow Milk

The objective of the study was to determine the duration of managing a malnourished child using cow milk as supplement. The study was uncontrolled before and after study. The study was quantitative and was conducted in Musanze health center radiation zone. The study evaluated children who were in nutrition study follow up commissioned by UNICEF &amp; Access To Health Project in 2016. This children research follow up was created under UNICEF &amp; Access To Health Project fund for the study of their duration in management. Quantitative method was used. The non-probability sampling was used and a purposive technique was adopted. Data were collected on 57 malnourished children admitted in nutrition service at Musanze health center where 21 were in severe malnutrition while 36 were in moderate malnutrition. All malnourished children were given seven liters of caw milk per week per each child, during their follow up period. The Weight-for-Age and the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference were used to screen children. The study showed that when caw milk is used as the only supplement for the treatment of a malnourished child , the duration of taking a child from severe malnutrition to good nutrition took approximately double (7months) compared to World Health organization (WHO) nutrition care protocol (4months). Many children showed positive nutritional status evolutions but there was some who showed a negative evolution by staying in severe or moderate malnutrition. Family conflict and chronic illness are among the main causes of negative evolution in nutritional status. The other underlying cause is the situation of hunger in families having malnourished children. The supplement of cow milk is not enough as it takes longer period than the period expected by WHO. Therefore, balanced diet together with the supplement of cow milk, SOSOMA, RTUF can change nutrition status

Determination of Lactose Intolerance and Effect of Supplementing Lactose Hydrolyzed Milk among Elderly Population of Urban Vadodara

Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose which may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms. These symptoms hinder nutrient absorption and cause discomfort. The objective of the study was to determine lactose intolerance and determine the effect of lactose hydrolyzed milk supplementation to lactose intolerants among geriatric population. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to assess gastrointestinal symptoms post-consumption of various foods. Hydrogen breath analyser test (HBT) was conducted to determine lactose intolerance and further divided into mild, moderate, and severe categories of lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerants are supplemented with lactose hydrolyzed milk (LHM) for 6 weeks. The highest gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 37.4% of the subjects’ post-milk and milk products consumption whereas cereal products exhibited the least (2.73%). HBT revealed that 55.5% of the subjects were lactose intolerant. A significant improvement (P &lt; 0.05) in energy, protein, calcium, and fat intakes was observed post-supplementation by 3%, 3.30%, 43.62%, and 4.19%, respectively. There was an increase in normal category body weight by 6.7% post-LHM supplementation. No significant changes (P &lt; 0.05) were observed in quality of life before and after intervention. Conclusion: Lactose-intolerance was 55.5% among the studied geriatric population. All the elderlies (100%) were able to tolerate LHM without experiencing any gastrointestinal disturbances for 45 days.

Effects of Fermented Camel Milk Supplemented with Sidr Fruit (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) Pulp on Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases, and its occurrence rate has increased in recent decades. Sidr (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is a traditional herbaceous medicinal plant. In addition to its good flavor, sidr has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, analgesic, and hypoglycemic activities. Camel milk has a high nutritional and health value, but its salty taste remains the main drawback in relation to its organoleptic properties. The production of flavored or fortified camel milk products to mask the salty taste can be very beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sidr fruit pulp (SFP) on the functional and nutritional properties of fermented camel milk. SFP was added to camel milk at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%, followed by the selection of the best-fermented product in terms of functional and nutritional properties (camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP), and an evaluation of its hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male adult albino rats (weighing 150–185 g) were divided into four groups: Group 1, nontreated nondiabetic rats (negative control); Group 2, diabetic rats given STZ (60 mg/kg body weight; positive control); Group 3, diabetic rats fed a basal diet with fermented camel milk (10 g/day); and Group 4, diabetic rats fed a basal diet with fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP (10 g/day). The results revealed that supplementation of camel milk with SFP increased its total solids, protein, ash, fiber, viscosity, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, which was proportional to the supplementation ratio. Fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP had the highest scores for sensory properties compared to other treatments. Fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP showed significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) blood glucose, malondialdehyde, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea, and a significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total protein content, and albumin compared to diabetic rats. The administration of fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP in diabetic rats restored a series of histopathological changes alonsgside an improvement in various enzyme and liver function tests compared to the untreated group, indicating that fermented camel milk supplemented with 15% SFP might play a preventive role in such patients.

Changes in lipid composition and oxidative status during ripening of Gouda-type cheese as influenced by addition of lavender flower powder

Lipid composition and oxidative stability of Gouda-type cheese, with and without lavender flower powder as a flavouring ingredient, was evaluated during 30 days of maturation at 14 °C. Triacylglycerols represented the main lipid fraction, followed by diacylglycerols, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and monoacylglycerols, and generally, there were no significant changes in their content with ripening time. Saturated fatty acids prevailed in cheese fats, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with palmitic, oleic, myristic, and stearic acids as the main ones. The fatty acid profile was not significantly influenced by ageing, regardless of cheese. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased with ripening time in control cheese and had a V-shape behaviour in lavender cheese, while peroxide value did not change substantially in both cheeses. Supplementation of milk used in Gouda-type cheese making with lavender flower powder (0.5 g L−1) did not significantly interfere with lipolytic and oxidative processes.

Milk supplementation increases mid-upper arm circumference and haemoglobin level among pregnant women in Kupang, Indonesia: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design

Introduction: The high prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and anaemia among pregnant women in Indonesia is worrying. Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) is one of the provinces in Indonesia with the highest prevalence of CED. This study aimed to determine the effect of fortified milk supplementation on changes in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and haemoglobin level among pregnant women. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in three locations of Community Health Centers in NTT from May to August 2019. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 69 pregnant women who were divided into two groups based on haemoglobin levels; the intervention group consisted of 31 pregnant women with haemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL, and control group consisted of 38 pregnant women with haemoglobin levels above 11 g/dL. Intervention group was provided with fortified milk supplementation, while control group received education about prevention of CED and anaemia. Data were analysed using regression discontinuity design with haemoglobin of 11 g/dL as cut-off. Results: Using regression discontinuity method, we were able to determine the effect of milk supplementation based on haemoglobin levels and confirm the result that milk supplementation significantly increased MUAC by 4.69 cm. Despite no discontinuity found, a positive increase of 0.98 g/dL in haemoglobin level was important to note. Conclusion: Milk supplementation of 300 kcal/day for three months significantly increased MUAC and to some extent, increased haemoglobin level. Thus, it should be considered when planning nutrition programmes to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women.