Milk Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk supplementation on colonic microbiota and mucosal transcriptome profile of weaned piglets.

Supplemental probiotic fermented milk as a gut modulator can improve growth performance for weaned piglets by promoting the development of the small intestine in digestion and immune function. The effect on colon health might also play a considerable part in the favourable role of probiotic fermented milk in the growth performance improvement of weaned piglets; however, it has yet to be reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk (LFM) on colonic morphology, microbiota composition, and mucosal transcriptome profile in weaned piglets. A total of 24 male weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups: a control (CON) treatment or the LFM-supplemented treatment. Each group consisted of six replicates (cages) with two piglets per cage, and each piglet in the LFM group was supplemented with 80mL LFM three times a day for 21 d, while the CON group was treated with the same amount of drinking water. Results showed that supplementation of LFM reduced the colonic histological damage scores and significantly increased the number of goblet cells per crypt. Furthermore, LFM consumption decreased the levels of pro-inflammation cytokines in the colonic mucosa. LFM downregulated the expression of inflammatory genes (CXCL9 and CXCL10) involving Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, immune response, and response to bacterium, and up-regulated two active genes (S100A8 and S100A9) involving the IL-17 signalling pathway and Toll-like receptor 4 binding. In addition, LFM could increase the potential probiotic genera containing Lachnospira and Anaerorhabdus furcosa group, which were positively related to short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Correspondingly, LFM-fed piglets had higher total bacterial load and total SCFA concentration in the colonic digesta compared with the CON group. These novel findings support the benefits of LFM in enhancing intestinal homoeostasis and ameliorating weaning stress for weaned piglets, which is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition and immune-related genes.

46. Inclusion of 5% palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) of marine origin to supplementary milk did not increase preweaning daily litter gain

46. Inclusion of 5% palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) of marine origin to supplementary milk did not increase preweaning daily litter gain

A Pilot Single-Site Randomized Control Trial: Investigating the Use of Donor Milk in Late Preterm and Term Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

We aimed to study donor milk (DM) supplementation when mother's own milk (MOM) was unavailable in term and late preterm infants (LPIs) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We hypothesized that this study would be feasible, defined by the rate of consent, diet adherence, and study completion. We further hypothesized that compared with formula supplementation, DM supplementation, for no longer than 7 days from birth, would be associated with an increase in breastfeeding attempts and the percentage of MOM (MOM%) without adversely affecting growth. Breastfeeding attempts and MOM% were assessed over 48 hours at the end of the intervention, which was defined as NICU discharge or at the end of supplementation, whichever came sooner. This was a pilot study (n = 32). Infants with a gestational age > 34 weeks admitted to the NICU were included. Infants were randomized to one of two groups: human milk (MOM + DM) or formula (MOM + F). The consent rate was 52%. Adherence to the study diet was 97%, and completion was 100%. When the MOM + DM group was compared with the MOM + F group, there was no difference in breastfeeding attempts (median [interquartile range]: 3.5 [1.5-6] vs. 1.5 [0.5-4] times, p = 0.1) or MOM% (60 vs. 59%, p = 0.9). Weight and length at multiple time points were similar when the groups were compared. A study randomizing term and LPIs in the NICU to DM or formula when MOM was unavailable is feasible. It remains unclear if DM improves breastfeeding success in this population. · A study that randomizes term and late preterm infants in the NICU to DM or formula supplementation when mother's own milk is not available is feasible.. · It remains unclear if DM compared to formula supplementation improves direct breastfeeding.. · In general, growth was similar in infants who received DM or formula as a supplement..

Hepatocyte Aquaporins AQP8 and AQP9 Are Engaged in the Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Modulating the Inflammatory and Redox State in Milk-Supplemented Rats.

Milk is an important source of nutrients and energy, but there are still many uncertainties regarding the health effects of milk and dairy products consumption. Milk from different species varies in physicochemical and nutritional properties. We previously showed that dietary supplements with different milks in rats trigger significant differences in metabolic and inflammatory states, modulating mitochondrial functions in metabolically active organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we have deepened the effects of isoenergetic supplementation of milk (82 kJ) from cow (CM), donkey (DM) or human (HM) on hepatic metabolism to understand the interlink between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox state and to highlight the possible role of two hepatocyte aquaporins (AQPs) of metabolic relevance, AQP8 and AQP9, in this crosstalk. Compared with rats with no milk supplementation, DM- and HM-fed rats had reduced hepatic lipid content with enhanced mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress. A marked reduction in AQP8, a hydrogen peroxide channel, was seen in the liver mitochondria of DM-fed rats compared with HM-fed, CM-fed and control animals. DM-fed or HM-fed rats also showed reduced hepatic inflammatory markers and less collagen and Kupffer cells. CM-fed rats showed higher hepatic fat content and increased AQP9 and glycerol permeability. A role of liver AQP8 and AQP9 is suggested in the different metabolic profiles resulting from milk supplementation.

Determinants of Formula Milk Supplementation at a Baby Friendly University Hospital During Hospital Stay

Determinants of Formula Milk Supplementation at a Baby Friendly University Hospital During Hospital Stay

Effect of a probiotic fermented milk supplementation on behavior and sleep

ABSTRACT This study attempted to analyze the effect of supplementing Wistar-Kyoto rats with fermented milk containing the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 and pomegranate juice on the microbiota-gut-brain axis of rats, with special focus on their behavior, sleep patterns, and response to stress. This study was divided into two experiments: (1) For the behavioral analysis the animals were divided into two groups: Fermented probiotic milk (BB + 1) and control (BB-). (2) For the sleep analysis the animals were divided into two groups: Fermented probiotic milk (BB + 2) and control (H2O). For the behavioral analysis, the open field method was used, which evaluates the behavior after ten, twenty, and thirty days of supplementation. For sleep analysis, the animals were submitted to implantation of electrodes and 24 h polysomnography, followed by 48 h sleep deprivation (REM) and 48 h polysomnography, then euthanized 100 days after the beginning of the experiment. In addition, animal feces were collected before and after sleep deprivation to assess its effects on the microbiota. A decrease in anxiety-related behaviors was observed in the supplemented animals and an increase in sleep efficiency and a reduction in the number of awakenings of the animals before deprivation. It has also been observed that sleep deprivation decreased the amount of total bacterial DNA. The number of copies of genomes of the genus Bifidobacterium did not differ in both groups.

The Effects of 12 Weeks Colostrum Milk Supplementation on the Expression Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Metabolic Changes among Older Adults: Findings from the Biomarkers and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis.

Senescence is a normal biological process that is accompanied with a series of deteriorations in physiological function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum milk supplementation on metabolic changes and the expression of various biomarkers on inflammation, antioxidant and oxidative damage, nutrient metabolism, and genomic stability among older adults. Older adults (50-69 years old) who participated in the 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial were instructed to consume the IgCo bovine colostrum-enriched skim milk or regular skim milk (placebo) twice daily. Following 12 weeks of intervention, participants in the intervention group had lower expression levels in pro-inflammatory mediators (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α), with significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects of the group and time observed. However, no significant interaction effect was observed in the vitamin D, telomerase, 8-OHdG, MDA, and SOD activities. UPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that 22 metabolites were upregulated and 11 were downregulated in the intervention group compared to the placebo group. Glycerophospholipid metabolism, along with cysteine and methionine metabolism were identified as the potential metabolic pathways that are associated with bovine colostrum milk consumption. In conclusion, consuming bovine colostrum milk may induce metabolic changes and reduce the expression of various pro-inflammatory mediators, thus improving the immune function in older adults.

Nutritional Rickets in Three Toddlers during Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Nutritional rickets is a worldwide problem which has been increasingly reported globally. Three toddlers aged 1-2 years presented in March to April 2021 with bony deformities following one year of national Covid-19 pandemic lockdown since March 2020. All threepatients were breastfed till presentation without formula milk supplementation. Weaning occurred at 4-6 months of age but without proper complementary food intake. All three patients and their nursing mothers were mostly confined indoors during the pandemiclockdown. Bone metabolic profile and radiological imaging confirmed vitamin D deficiency rickets. All three patients responded well to vitamin D3 treatment and calcium supplementation for 3-6 months duration. Vitamin D deficiency rickets appears to be anincreasing problem in breastfed toddlers following the prolonged movement control order, particularly amongst picky eaters and young children on restrictive diets. Sun exposure and early vitamin D supplementation are crucial to prevent the development of nutritional rickets.

P32-004-23 Effect of Ultrafiltration Milk Supplementation on Body Composition, Oxidative Stress, Serum Amino Acids Level and Aerobic Capacity in Elite Male Race Walkers

P32-004-23 Effect of Ultrafiltration Milk Supplementation on Body Composition, Oxidative Stress, Serum Amino Acids Level and Aerobic Capacity in Elite Male Race Walkers

Beneficial Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D1 Soy Milk Supplementation on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Health of Bearded Chickens.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D1 (B. amyloliquefaciens D1) on growth performance, serum anti-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal microbiota composition and diversity in bearded chickens. To investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensa and fermented soy milk, 7-day-old broilers were orally fed different doses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D1 fermented soy milk for 35 days, with the unfermented soy milk group as the Placebo group. This study found that B. amyloliquefaciens D1 fermented soy milk improved the intestinal microbiota of broilers, significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria in the gut. B. amyloliquefaciens D1 fermented soy milk also significantly reduced the serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content. The body weight and daily weight gain of broilers were increased. In conclusion, the results of this study are promising and indicate that supplementing the diets of bearded chickens with B. amyloliquefaciens D1 fermented soy milk has many beneficial effects in terms of maintaining intestinal microbiota balance and reducing inflammation in chickens.

Selected Nutrition and Management Strategies in Suckling Pigs to Improve Post-Weaning Outcomes.

Weaning is a critical period in a pig's life. Piglets are confronted with abrupt changes to their physical and social environment, as well as management and nutritional changes. Weaning has always been associated with a growth check and is frequently accompanied by post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. However, rapid increases in litter size in the last decade have increased within-litter piglet weight variation, with piglets now generally lighter at weaning, making the challenges associated with weaning even greater. Many interventions can be employed during the suckling period to ease the weaning transition for piglets. Pre-weaning strategies such as supervised farrowing (assistance with suckling and oxytocin provision), the provision of pain relief to sows around farrowing, split-suckling, early oral supplementation with glucose, bovine colostrum, faecal microbiota transplantation, feed additives and solid and liquid creep feeding (milk and liquid feed) have all been investigated. The objective of these strategies is to stimulate earlier maturation of the digestive tract, improve immunity, reduce latency to the first feed post-weaning and increase early post-weaning feed intake and growth. This review focuses in particular on: (1) pain relief provision to sows around farrowing, (2)split-suckling of piglets, (3) pre-weaning provision of supplementary milk and/or liquid feed, (4) other strategies to stimulate earlier enzyme production (e.g., enzyme supplementation), (5) other nutritional strategies to promote improved gut structure and function (e.g., L-glutamine supplementation), and (6) other strategies to modulate gut microbiota (e.g., probiotics and prebiotics). Correctly implementing these strategies can, not only increase post-weaning growth and reduce mortality, but also maximise lifetime growth in pigs.

Effect of Milk or Milk Derived Food Supplementation on Body Composition of Young Indian Women

Background: Lysine intake in India is low mainly due to consumption of cereals as staple diet and processing loss of lysine. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of supplementation either in the form of dietary supplements of lysine, calcium and vitamin D in order to identify an appropriate approach for the improvement of body composition. Methods: One hundred and twenty volunteer subjects in the age group of 20-30 years residing in Punjab Agricultural University hostels were selected for supplementary trial. Supplementation of milk and its products in amounts to fill the gap of dietary intake and adequacy of protein as well as limiting amino acid lysine in their diets for a period of 12 weeks was done to determine its effect on body composition. Result: The diets were also poor in protein quality as the limiting amino acid lysine was only 55% of the recommended level. Supplementation of milk and its products resulted in a significant reduction in body fat (6.62%) and visceral fat rating (9.47%) and a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass (3.98%) and bone mass (2.72%). The study recommends that improving the quality of diets through dietary supplementation of lysine, calcium and vitamin D is an effective approach to achieve optimum body composition.

Fat Supplementation of Human Milk with MCT Oil for Promoting Weight Gain in Preterm Infants

Background: The addition of medium chain triglycerides is preferable as they are more easily digested and quickly absorb in bloodstream than long chain fat and provide ready supply of energy by increasing fatty acid bioavailability. Modular products like micro lipids and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils are now focused as a fat supplementation. The rate of weight gain with MCT is not well known, and there is very less research done in Pakistan. Objective: To determine the effect of MCT oil supplemented human milk compared with un supplemented human milk fed to preterm infants on promoting weight gain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Study Setting: This study was conducted in Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan from 20th August 2022 to 20th February 2023. Methodology: The study conducted after approval from institutional ethical committee. A total of 160 preterm infants fulfilling the inclusion criteria and enrolled in the study after informed consent from parents. The patients were receiving enteral feeding of human milk within neonatology department of hospital was included and they were randomly assigned to Group NF (receiving 20 ml of human milk without MCT oil), Group F (receiving 20ml of human milk with 1 ml of MCT oil fat). Primary outcomes were including growth in term of weight gain at measured at 1st ,5th and 10th day of MCT oil intake after hospital admission. Secondary outcome included feeding intolerance, diarrhoea, sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis. All the data was collected in the form of a questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: One sixty very low birth weight infants were analyzed in this study. All infants were randomly divided into two groups: F and NF, the demographic details. The weight of infants was measured on first day, fifth day and tenth day and noted that the frequency of infants improved the weight gain after taking human milk without fat supplementation or human milk with fat supplementation. We found the gradually infants more increasing their weights in Group F as compared to Group NF. On tenth day 75% infants reaches between1400-1490 gm weight (p&lt;0.001). The average daily gain in weight of Group F infants (g/kg). 12.2 Group A, 13.6 in group B were calculated on day first. The average daily weight was shifted in Group B from 13.6 to 14.9 on day fifth then it was further increased as 15.6 in Group C, and 15.8 in Group D. Practical Implication: The fat in the milk of humans is a significant source of energy. In an underdeveloped State like Pakistan that is short on resources, (MCT) oil can be a useful substitute for MCT due to its high MCT content. Few research studies have been conducted into this area thus far. Previous studies have had a low number of participants and produced contradictory findings. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare the efficacy of feeding preterm infants human milk supplemented with MCT oil to that of feeding them human milk without the supplement. Conclusion: Our study shows the average weight gain in those infants fed fat supplementation of MCT oil added in breast milk. The study provides data regarding the selection and use of fat supplemented human milk over non-supplemented human milk and this reduces the morbidity and mortality rate due to insufficiency of nutrients. Keyword: Fat supplementation, MCT oil, breast milk, preterm infants, weight gain rate.

Asinine milk mitigates stress-mediated immune, cortisol and behavioral responses of piglets to weaning: A study to foster future interventions in humans.

The present study assessed whether asinine milk supplementation improved the immune and behavioral responses of piglets during an early life weaning stress event as a model for its future use in humans. For this, 48 piglets from 4 different litters were used. At 20 days of age, piglets were weighed and allocated with their litter and dam into group pens until 28 days of age. Four piglets from each litter were then randomly assigned to either (1) asinine milk supplementation (n = 16) (2), skimmed cow milk supplementation (n = 16) or (3) no supplementation (n = 16; control group). The supplementations were voluntarily administered for 3 days preweaning and 3 days postweaning using a baby bottle. The effects on the weaning stress response were assessed through salivary cortisol measurements; behavioral tests such as the open field, novel object end elevated plus maze tests; and gene expression of HSD11B1, NR3C1 and IL1B in PBMCs, which was determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH and UBB. To test the effect of the supplementations on weight, milk intake, gene expression, and behavior, a randomized block design was used with repeated measurements over time by the PROC MIXED procedure. The effects on salivary cortisol were determined using the ratio between the morning and afternoon concentrations, considering the time before and after the weaning event. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher's test were performed to evaluate the behavior test data. When comparing salivary cortisol concentrations between the pre- and postweaning periods, there was a difference (p < 0.05) between the supplementation groups in the afternoon period, suggesting that piglets fed asinine milk had lower afternoon cortisol concentrations postweaning than their counterparts. For the behavioral tests, the supplementations had no measurable effects. No difference was between groups pre- and postweaning for the expression of HSD11B2, which codes for an enzyme that breaks down cortisol. However, the expression of NR3C1, which encodes the glucocorticoid receptor, was significantly upregulated in piglets supplemented with cow milk (mean 1.245; p < 0.05). Asinine milk downregulated 1L1B gene expression, which codes for an inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementation with asinine milk may represent a strategy to diminish the damage associated with an early life event by modulating IL1B expression and reducing salivary cortisol levels in piglets undergoing weaning stress. Further transcriptomic and metabolomic studies may improve our understanding of the molecular pathways that mediate this systemic immune-mediated response.

The "Breastfeeding Paradox" as a Guide for the Assessment of Premature Infants Growth: It Is More Than Just Weigh-Ins.

One of the neonatologist's greatest challenges is ensuring that the premature infant has adequate growth and is provided with a correct supply of nutrients. Thanks to the establishment of the INTERGROWTH-21st Preterm Postnatal Growth Standards, created longitudinally and prospectively on healthy premature babies, it now appears evident that preterms' growth follows a pattern different from that of a fetus of the same gestational age. In addition to growth, defined solely as weight gain, further significance must be given to the quality of growth, that is, lean mass apposition. This should be evaluated in every clinical setting, using repeated standardized length and head circumference measurements, not only whether sophisticated dedicated equipment is available. Mother's milk, in addition to the countless already-known benefits, is also the perfect nourishment for premature babies, promoting lean mass apposition. In addition, with a still unclear mechanism called the "breastfeeding paradox," breast milk intake promotes preterms' neurocognitive development, even despite an initial lower weight gain. Since breast milk cannot always meet preterm infants' nutritional needs, breast milk fortification during hospitalization is a common practice. However, no clear benefit in continuing breast milk fortification after discharge has been demonstrated. When addressing the growth of a premature infant fed with human milk, the "breastfeeding paradox" must be taken into consideration to avoid excessive and unjustified supplementation of formula milk, both during the hospital stay and after discharge.

The effect of supplementary milk withdrawal on piglet pre-weaning creep consumption

The effect of supplementary milk withdrawal on piglet pre-weaning creep consumption

Effectiveness of Endorphin Massage and Breast Milk Supplements on Lactation Success in Aceh Besar

Background: The mother's psychological preparation before breastfeeding, stress, excessive worry, unhappiness, all play a major role in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Endorphin Massage is a light touch and massage that can increase the release of endorphins and oxytocin hormones. If endorphin massage is given to postpartum mothers, it will provide a sense of calm and comfort during lactation so as to increase the response of the posterior pituitary to produce the hormone oxytocin to increase the let down reflex. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there are differences in endorphin massage and breast milk enhancing supplements for lactation success.&#x0D; Methods: This study used a Quasi-Experimental Design method with Pre-test and Posttest with control group design. This research was conducted in Aceh Besar District in 2021. The population in this study were postpartum mothers up to the 3rd day postpartum with a total sample of 51 people. Data analysis used the Anova test and the Post Hoc Test.&#x0D; Results: The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was a difference in LATCH scores between the three groups with a significance value of 0.000

Milk Supplementation: Effect on piglets performance, feeding behavior and sows physiological condition during the lactation period

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of milk liquid and powder supplements on piglets’ performance, drinking behavior, and sow back-fat thickness change during the lactation period. There were 4 experimental groups (n = 24), and in the control group (n = 6), the piglets were suckled from the sow. For the supplemental groups (n = 18), milk powder (MP), milk liquid by feeding trough (MLFT), and milk liquid feeding by the bucket (MLFB). There were significant differences in average daily weight gain between day 14 and weaning age for the MP and MLFT (p &lt; 0.05) but not in MLFB (p &gt; 0.05). For approaching to the feeder, there were significantly higher in MP and MLFT groups (p &lt; 0.05). Based on the examination of sow back-fat thickness, the back-fat loss was minimal (p &lt; 0.05) in the MP and MLFT compared to the MLFB and the control. Giving the milk supplement as powder and liquid by feeding trough has increased the average daily gain and body weight of the piglets on day 14th and on weaning day. Moreover, back-fat thickness reduction of sows in the supplemental groups is lower compared to the control group.

Fewer glucose checks and decreased supplementation using dextrose gel for asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia.

Evaluate the impact of a neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) clinical pathway implementing buccal dextrose gel in late preterm and term infants. Quality improvement study at a children's hospital associated birth center. Number of blood glucose checks, use of supplemental milk, and need for IV glucose were followed for 26-months after implementation of dextrose gel and compared to previous 16-month period. After QI implementation, 2703 infants were screened for hypoglycemia. Of these, 874 (32%) received at least one dose of dextrose gel. Special cause shifts with reductions in mean number of blood glucose checks per infant (pre 6.6 vs. post 5.6), use of supplemental milk (pre 42% vs. post 30%), and need for IV glucose (pre 4.8% vs. post 3.5%) were found. Incorporating dextrose gel into a clinical pathway for NH was associated with a sustained reduction in number of interventions, use of supplemental milk and need for IV glucose.

The Gut Microbiota of Young Asian Elephants with Different Milk-Containing Diets.

Evaluating the association between milk-containing diets and the microbiomes of young Asian elephants could assist establishing optimal breast milk supplementation to improve offspring survival rates. The microbiomes of young Asian elephants on different milk-containing diets (elephant milk only, elephant milk-plant mixed feed, and goat milk-plant mixed feed) were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and phylogenetic analysis. Microbial diversity was lower in the elephant milk-only diet group, with a high abundance of Proteobacteria compared to the mixed-feed diet groups. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant in all groups. Spirochaetae, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenellaceae were abundant in the elephant milk-plant mixed-feed diet group, and Prevotellaceae was abundant in the goat milk-plant mixed-feed diet group. Membrane transport and cell motility metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in the elephant milk-plant mixed-feed diet group, whereas amino acid metabolism and signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched in the goat milk-plant mixed-feed diet group. The intestinal microbial community composition and associated functions varied significantly between diets. The results suggest that goat milk is not suitable for young elephants. Furthermore, we provide new research methods and directions regarding milk source evaluation to improve elephant survival, wellbeing, and conservation.