Oil Supplementation Research Articles

Effect of olive olive extracts in myocardial and vascular function of patients with chronic cononary syndromes

Abstract Introduction In a recent study, we demonstrated that the administration of an olive oil supplement enriched with HT (Olivomed) reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, improves endothelial and arterial function, and facilitates the diastolic function of the left ventricle after a short treatment period in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Objetive Wehypothesized that the administration of an oral supplement, Olivomed SMART, containing olive oil extract enriched with oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleocanthal (OLEO), can reduce oxidative burden and further improve cardiac and vascular markers in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Method Thus, in a prospective, randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we randomized 15 patients with chronic coronary syndromes to an oral supplement of olive oil extract enriched with OL, HT, and OLEO in a ratio of 2:1:3 or a placebo for one month. We measured before treatment, one month after using the placebo, and one month after administering the olive supplement: a) the Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) related inversely to the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx in sublingual arterioles (range 5–25 μm), a marker inversely related to glycocalyx thickness, b) endothelial-dependent vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, c) flow reserve in the anterior descending (CFR) with Doppler echocardiography, d) pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), e) concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker. Results It appears that the administration of the Olivomed SMART supplement significantly improves vascular markers FMD and CFR compared to baseline, while no changes are induced by the placebo (Table 1). Olivomed SMART improves diastolic function, as shown by improved values of E’, E/e’, DT, LVGLS. No significant no marker indicates any difference compared to baseline (Table 2). The administration of the Olivomed SMART supplement significantly reduced levels of the oxidative stress marker MDA and oxidized LDL cholesterol in serum compared to baseline. In contrast, no statistically significant changes were observed after placebo administration (Table 3). Comparing the action of Olivomed and Olivomed SMART on the main vascular, echocardiographic, and biochemical markers relative to baseline values before treatment, the following table (Table 4) shows significant changes after the administration of Olivomed SMART in left ventricular longitudinal strain values and glycocalyx integrity in vessels ranging 20-25 μm. Conclusion Comparing Olivomed and Olivomed SMART, it appears that the beneficial effects on vascular and cardiac properties are largely due to the action of HT, while the newer combined formulation seems to provide additional benefits in endothelial function of arterioles, coronary artery function, and myocardial strain through the reduction of oxidative stress.

Protected palmitic acid to mitigate milk fat depression in grazing Holstein cows in the Mexican Highlands

ABSTRACT The cis-9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are associated with anticancer and lipolytic effects in tissues, respectively, but in lactating cows, the latter isomer reduces the milk fat concentration, a detrimental aspect for the dairy industry, as it reduces the yield of milk derivatives. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing protected palmitic acid (PA P ) to grazing lactating Holstein cows supplemented with soybean oil as a source of conjugated linoleic acid, on milk production, fat concentration and mitigation of milk fat depression. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used, distributed in three groups of three cows each, with initial means of days in milk, live weight, milk production, and number of calvings: 124 ± 16 days, 494 ± 53 kg, 20.9 ± 1.3 kg, and 3.2 ± 2.2, respectively. A crossover design with three treatments was used: control (base diet, BD, = grazing +4 kg concentrate without soybean oil + 2.5 kg corn silage), soybean oil (BD with inclusion of 300 g dry basis soybean oil cow−1 day−1), and soybean oil + PA P (BD with inclusion of 300 g dry basis soybean oil and 412 g PA P cow−1 day−1). The groups of cows were on rotational grazing in a mixed pasture of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). The variables evaluated were as follows: dry matter intake (DM), milk production, concentration of protein, fat and lactose in milk, and milk fat profile. Statistical analysis was through PROC MIXED and comparison of means with Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments in dry matter intake, milk production or milk protein and lactose content. But the addition of PA P in the cow diet increased fat-corrected milk production (p = 0.010), yield (p = 0.030) and fat concentration (p = 0.040), and improved the milk fatty acid profile, by increasing (p = 0.010) the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat. Soybean oil supplementation in the diet of grazing lactating cows showed no differences in productive variables, and did not cause the expected milk fat depression. However, combining soybean oil with PA P improved the fatty acid profile, increasing the cis-9, trans-11 isomer CLA and palmitic acid in milk fat, with higher yield and fat concentration.

Efficacy of fish oil supplementation on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveGlobally, the occurrence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is on a steady rise. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory effects and can improve lipid metabolism. The article aims to assess the impact of fish oil supplementation on MASLD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to September 31, 2024, for randomized control trials (RCTs). The risk of bias of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Outcomes measured were aspects of liver injury, lipid profile, insulin resistance, anthropometric measurements, and more.ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 439 participants were incorporated into the analysis. In general, the risk of bias in these RCTs was either low or not clearly defined. Pooled analysis showed that triglycerides [TG, pooled standard mean difference (SMD): −0.40 (95% CI: −0.58 to −0.21)], aspartate transaminase [AST, SMD: −0.29 (95% CI: −0.48 to −0.10)], HOMA-IR [SMD: −2.06 (95% CI: −3.36 to −0.49)] and waist circumference [Waist-C, SMD: −0.31 (95% CI: −0.54 to −0.08)] were significantly improved. But showed no significant benefits on alanine transaminase [ALT, SMD: −0.15 (95% CI: −0.45 to 0.15)], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT, SMD: −0.07 (95% CI: −0.26 to 0.12)], body mass index [BMI, SMD: 0.16 (95% CI: −0.34 to 0.02)], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL, SMD: 0.02 (95% CI: −0.18 to 0.22)], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL, SMD: −0.01 (95% CI: −0.20 to 0.18)], Total Cholesterol [TC, SMD: −0.34 (95% CI: −0.70 to 0.01)] and so on.ConclusionThe current evidence supports the fish oil supplementation in improving MASLD. Fish oil supplementation may also regulate blood lipids and improve glucose metabolism disorders.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier CRD42024513246.

P1245 Maternal intake of fish, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fish oil supplements during pregnancy and risk of early childhood Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the offspring

Abstract Background A key question remains unanswered: whether maternal consumption of fish and fish oil supplements during pregnancy is associated with the risk of early childhood inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in offspring. This association was examined in the present study. Methods Data from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002) were used, which collected maternal dietary data in early pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and data from the National Patient Registry to identify IBD cases. The study included mother-child dyads in which the mother had a singleton pregnancy, responded to the FFQ and demonstrated plausible energy intake and children under the age of 18 were considered. The exposure variables were assessed as tertiles of maternal intake of total fish (g/day), oily fish (g/day), lean fish (g/day), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (g/day) from diet, and fish oil supplements (yes/no). Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with the first tertile [T (lower intakes)] as the reference. Analyses were adjusted for maternal educational level, gestational weight gain, alcohol intake, smoking, antibiotics, parental IBD, diet quality (Healthy Eating Index), and offspring antibiotic consumption. Results The study included data on 67,770 mother-child dyads, and, among the offspring, 192 cases of IBD [Crohn disease (CD), n= 106; ulcerative colitis (UC), n= 86] were identified. The mean intake (standard deviation [SD]) in g/d was 27.2 (±6.10) of fish, 14.7 (±3.79) of oily fish and 12.5 (±3.34) of lean fish. The mean (SD) intake of n-3 PUFA was 0.509 g/d (±0.40), and 5.9% of women consumed fish oil during pregnancy. High maternal intake (T3) of n-3 PUFA was associated with a 38% reduction in IBD risk (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98) in offspring, whereas average intake of oily fish reduced the risk of UC in offspring (p= 0.047). Average (T2) and high intakes of lean fish also reduced the risk of IBD, by 49% (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.77) and 35% (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98), respectively. More specifically, an average intake of lean fish reduced offspring CD risk by 58% (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.77). No association was found in relation to the other variables. Conclusion The type of fish consumed during pregnancy appeared to influence the risk of developing CD and UC differently. Our large-scale population study suggests that maternal consumption of oily fish is protective against the development of UC in offspring, while maternal consumption of lean fish is protective against development of CD in offspring. Overall, these results favor fish consumption in pregnancy.

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, oxidative stability, meat quality, and regulatory mechanisms in Holstein steers.

Dietary supplementation for beef cattle, using natural plant extracts, such as oregano essential oil (OEO), has proven effective in enhancing growth performance, beef production quantity and quality, and ensuring food safety. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of OEO on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, meat quality, oxidative status, flavor compounds, and gene regulatory mechanisms in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles of beef cattle. Eighteen steers were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 9 per group) and fed either a control diet (CK) or the same diet supplemented with 20 g of OEO per head per day for 300 days. Oregano essential oil supplementation improved the body weight, carcass weight, meat production, area and diameter of fiber, ether extract, and water-holding power of muscle. Increasing catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and by decreasing lipid droplets (LDs) reduced muscle lipid oxidation. However, the color (L*, a*, b*, C* and H°) and the flavor compounds of muscle were affected adversely by OEO. The transcriptome and metabolome indicated the OEO group enriched fat synthesis, proteo-metabolism, antioxidants, and growth significantly. Five key genes (SH2B2, CD209, LOC504773, C1QC, and HMOX) and ten downregulated metabolites (deoxyguanosine, d-melezitose, maltotriose, raffinose, melatonin, quinic acid, orotic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) were identified as key biomarkers. These interacted to positively influence the growth, oxidative status, and meat quality of steers positively. These findings suggest that OEO, as a natural bioactive compound, can serve as an additive for beef cattle, with a daily dose of 20 g per steer improving growth and meat quality, although it may affect muscle color and flavor negatively. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Protective Effect of Flaxseed Oil on Diazinon-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats in Sub-Chronic Exposure

Background: Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide, exerts various adverse effects on human organs. In this study, we investigated the potential cardiotoxic effects of flaxseed oil (FS oil) on oxidative stress caused by DZN in the heart tissue of rats. Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into five groups: a control group receiving normal saline, an FS oil group administered 200 mg/kg/d of FS oil, a DZN group treated with 70 mg/kg/d of DZN, and two co-treatment groups receiving DZN alongside FS oil at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d. We assessed oxidative stress biomarkers in heart tissue, including malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total thiol content. Heart tissue morphology was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: DZN significantly increased the levels of malondialdehyde (12.04±1.16) and total oxidant status (0.43±0.01) and also decreased the content of catalase (23.09±1.99), superoxide dismutase (5.52±0.61), and total thiol content (6.31±0.77) in heart tissue. FS-oil + DZN decreased malondialdehyde (10.88±0.31) and total oxidant status (0.41±0.01) and also increased the content of catalase (29.34±1.77), superoxide dismutase (6.64±0.21), and total thiol content (8.20±0.15) in heart tissue. FS oil supplement consumption reversed oxidative stress status in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FS oil ameliorated heart histopathological alterations induced by DZN. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that DZN induced heart toxicity and that FS oil had protective effects. Additionally, FS oil supplementation conferred protective effects on the heart against toxicity induced by DZN.

Dietary Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds oil supplementation augments growth performance and gut microbial composition in Labeo rohita fingerlings

The present study investigates the supplemental effects of chia seed oil (CSO) on the growth performance and modulation of intestinal microbiota in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of CSO: 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% represented as CSO (1), CSO (2), and, CSO (3) groups alongside a control group without CSO. L. rohita fingerlings (n = 180) (mean weight = 19.74 ± 0.33 g) were randomly distributed in triplicates for 60 days to these treatment groups. The results depicted significant improvements (p < 0.05) in weight gain (WG) %, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in the group supplemented with the lowest level of CSO. Gut microbial analysis evidenced the ability of CSO at 1.0% to augment the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes, as well as genera Luteolibacter and Cetobacterium, indicating higher alpha diversity compared to the control. Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated a distinct composition of microbial communities in CSO-supplemented groups relative to the control (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis further revealed a significant (p < 0.05) association of specific microbial taxa with growth performance parameters. The predictions of metabolic pathways suggested the involvement of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways in the CSO (1) group, indicating improved nutrient transport and metabolism. Overall, the findings highlight the beneficial effects of 1.0% CSO supplementation on growth performance and modulation of gut microbiota in L. rohita fingerlings.

Oral Lipids/Fatty Acids Supplements and Eczema: What Is Known?

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) points to skin barrier dysfunction as a critical piece of the puzzle. Deficiencies in fatty acids and ceramides-key elements of the skin barrier-have been linked to AD. Fatty acids can be separated into omega-3 and omega-6, which can be found in a variety of foods such as fish, nuts, seeds, and even plants. In dogs, supplementation with oral fatty acids has shown promising benefits. This review aims to explore whether humans can similarly benefit from these supplements based on current literature. The results of our search varied by compound type. For borage oil and evening primrose oil, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed, though they may offer some preventative benefits. Fish oil supplements appear to be effective in treating AD, as they reduce clinical scores and symptom severity. Oral ceramides, blackcurrant seed oil, and hempseed oil have yet to be thoroughly studied, but preliminary results are promising. Among the studies, the supplementation doses and duration of treatment varied extensively. The literature did not provide comparative analysis between the supplements, and data on the overall safety and tolerability of these supplements are limited. While some evidence is promising, the reliability of these products, as well as their optimal dosage and frequency, remains uncertain.

The role of anti-inflammatory diets and supplementation in metabolic syndrome and symptom remission in adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review.

Immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation have been hypothesized as potential pathways in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia. Anti-inflammatory diets have the potential not only to treat metabolic syndrome but also to reduce the symptom burden in schizophrenia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the role of anti-inflammatory diets and vitamin supplementation in the management of metabolic syndrome and in symptom remission in people with schizophrenia. This systematic review included research articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes were markers of metabolic syndrome and symptoms of psychosis. Our search identified 2,124 potential studies, of which 1,559 were screened based on the title and abstract, resulting in 81 full-text articles assessed for eligibility. A total of 17 studies were included, which demonstrated mixed findings on the impacts of anti-inflammatory diet interventions on metabolic markers and symptom remission in schizophrenia. Prebiotic, probiotic, and fish oil supplementation showed improvements in metabolic markers. Fish oil and vitamin D supplementation demonstrated symptom remission in some trials. It is important to consider that people with schizophrenia may experience common external barriers that hinder adherence to dietary interventions. These findings underscore the need for larger trials with standardized dietary protocols and consistent metabolic and symptom outcome measures in order to better understand the potential role of anti-inflammatory interventions in this population. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024511596.

Fish oil a source of omega-3 fatty acids affects hypothalamus heat resistance genes expressions and fatty acid composition in heat-stressed chicks.

This study investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on the hypothalamus heat resistance gene expressions and fatty acid composition of chicks under acute high-temperature stress, for treating Cholestasis. A total of 48 chicks (Ross 308) at age of 14 days were acclimatized to corn oil or FO (n = 24 for each) by oral gavaging for 10 days, and then subjected to heat stress (35 ± 1 °C, HT) for 3 h or maintained at the normal temperature (26 ± 1 °C, NT) as grouped as NT and FO-NT control and HT and FO-HT (n = 12 for each).. The results showed that FO supplementation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on feed intake or body weight. The FO-HT group exhibited (P<0.05) a lower rectal temperature, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), triglyceride and corticosterone levels, in accompany with lower expressions of hypothalamic adenine nucleotide translocators (ANT) and uncoupling protein (UCP) but increased (P<0.05) plasma superoxide dismutase activity and hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) expressions.. Additionally, the FO-HT group (P < 0.05) demonstrated a higher unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio in the breast muscle. These findings suggest that FO supplementation can enhance the heat resistance of broiler chicks under acute heat stress and alter the fatty acid composition of their breast muscle. However, further studies are needed to determine whether desirable fatty acids can cross the blood-brain barrier and their implications for human health.

Effects of Seal Oil Supplementation on Lipid Profile Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Effects of Seal Oil Supplementation on Lipid Profile Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Experiences of Māori and Pacific women recruited into a pregnancy clinical trial in Aotearoa, New Zealand: a Kaupapa Māori qualitative study

ObjectivesTo explore the perspectives of Māori and Pacific women who participated in the Fish Oil study to ascertain what barriers and facilitators may exist for successfully recruiting Māori and Pacific...

The Effectiveness of Perinatal Omega-3 Supplements in Neurodevelopment and Physical Growth of 9- and 12-month-old Infants: A Follow-up of a Clinical Trial.

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) that are essential for optimal health and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal fish oil (containing omega-3 LCPUFA) intake from 21th week of pregnancy to 30 days postpartum for neurodevelopment and growth of infants at 9 and 12 months. This was a follow-up study of a triple-blinded clinical trial. The study population was 9- month-old infants. Their mothers were randomly divided into two groups of 75 people with a 1:1 ratio to take one fish oil supplement or a placebo daily. The anthropometric indicators of infants at months 9 and 12 and neurodevelopment at month 12 by the ASQ questionnaire were measured. In the fish oil and placebo groups, respectively, 73 and 71 infants at nine months, as well as 71 and 69 at 12 months, were analyzed. No statistically significant impact was observed following consuming omega-3 capsules on the neurodevelopmental domains, growth parameters, and the profile of maternal serum FAs (p > 0.05) except DHA. Neurodevelopmental problems were illustrated in one case in the intervention group and two cases in the placebo group. Perinatal relatively low-dose omega-3 LCPUFAs supplements indicated no statistically significant impacts on the growth and neurodevelopment of 9- and 12-month-old infants in a population with low consumption of marine products. Further studies investigating the effect of higher doses of omega-3 LCPUFAs are suggested.

Potential of cumin essential oil as inhibitor of deamination during ensiling process: A meta-analysis and in-silico approach

Silage produced from high-protein forage is susceptible to amino acid deamination, resulting in ammonia production. One strategy in the development of novel additives is to employ the in-silico method and meta-analysis. Cumin essential oils (EOs) contain metabolite chemicals that may serve as deamination inhibitors, necessary for further research both in vitro and in vivo. This study intends to conduct virtual screening through molecular docking simulations of compounds derived from cumin essential oil as deamination inhibitors in silico, alongside a meta-analysis to validate their efficacy on fermentative products during ensiling. This work examines the relationship between the ligand of Cumin EOs and the particular glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) receptor specific from Clostridium sp., a common contaminant in silage. The observed metrics included energy values derived from the Vina program, pharmacokinetic analysis, and free ammonia concentration in silage. The meta-analysis results indicated that cumin essential oil supplementation effectively decreased free ammonia during ensiling (P &lt; 0.05). However, computer simulations showed that the α-hederin molecule compound was the most effective ligand tested as a deamination inhibitor. In conclusion, it is proposed that Eos cumin might act as a deamination inhibitor in silage while it is being stored.

Diet supplementation with a mixture of essential oils: Effects on enteric methane emissions, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and lactational performance.

This study examined the effects of supplementing dairy cows with a mixture of essential oils on enteric CH4 emissions, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility, N utilization, and lactational performance (production, components and efficiency). Thirty-two multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. Cows averaged (mean ± SD) 95 ± 15.4 DIM, 47.7 ± 4.51 kg milk yield, and 698 ± 68.2 kg BW, at the start of the experiment. The experiment consisted of a 3-wk pretreatment period (i.e., covariate), followed by a 3-wk adaptation to the experimental treatments, and a 10-wk period for data and sample collection. At the beginning of the study, milk yield and DIM data were used to block the cows into 16 blocks of 2 cows each. Subsequently, the blocks were adjusted based on milk yield and enteric CH4 emission data collected during the pretreatment period. Within each block, cows were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: (1) a basal diet supplemented with a placebo (control, no additive), or (2) a basal diet with the essential oil supplement (Agolin, 1 g/cow/d). The basal diet (i.e., total mixed ration) was composed of 69.3% forage (corn and alfalfa silage and grass hay) and 30.7% concentrate, on a dry matter (DM) basis, while the essential oil mixture consisted mainly of coriander seed oil, eugenol, geraniol and geranyl acetate. Twice daily, the essential oil supplement was thoroughly mixed with 50 g of a commercial protein supplement (i.e., carrier) and 500 g of the TMR and this premix (i.e., 550 g/meal) was offered to the cow before the basal diet. No interactions between the essential oil supplement and the sampling week were observed for any of the response variables. Dry matter intake, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility and N balance were unaffected by feeding the essential oil supplement. Yields of milk, 4% FCM, and ECM were not modified by the experimental treatment. Neither feed efficiency (kg milk/kg DMI, kg 4% FCM/kg DMI, kg ECM/kg DMI) nor dietary N use efficiency in milk N secretion (i.e., g milk N/ g N intake) were affected by essential oil supplementation. Body weight change and BCS did not differ between cows fed the essential oil supplement versus cows fed the control. Daily enteric CH4 emissions, CH4 yield, and CH4 intensity averaged 498 g/d, 18.4 g/kg of DMI, and 11.0 g/kg of ECM, respectively, and were unchanged by essential oil supplementation. We conclude that supplementing cows fed a high-forage diet with 1 g/d of this essential oil mixture did not positively affect lactational performance, nutrient digestibility, and N utilization, or reduce enteric CH4 (emissions, yield, and intensity). More research is needed to identify the optimal dose of this essential oil mixture and elucidate how it may interact with the basal diet to improve the mixture's efficacy.

Evaluation of the Lipid Composition of Commercially Available Evening Primrose Products by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Evening primrose oil supplements are rich in omega-6 fatty acids, with emphasis on linoleic and γ-linolenic acids, being taken in the treatment and prevention of diseases, but mainly for the relief of symptoms caused by premenstrual tension and menopause in women. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the lipid profile of evening primrose oil supplements using gas chromatography techniques with a flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. For this, eight commercially available national evening primrose oil brands were used. Of the eight samples analyzed, only two met all the standards established in legislation for fatty acids. The remaining capsules were subjected to triacylglycerol analysis and using a calibration curve the presence of soybean oil in the composition of the evening primrose oil capsules was verified. From the triacylglycerol with a mass/charge ratio of 901, it was possible to identify the addition of 31.16-85.88% of soybean oil in six of the eight capsules, leading the consumer to ingest products that did not comply with current legislation.

Soybean oil and probiotics improve meat quality, conjugated linoleic acid concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary soybean oil and probiotics on goat meat quality, total conjugated linoleic acids (TCLA) concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats. Thirty-six male crossbred goats (Anglo-Nubian♂× Thai native♀), weighing 18.3±2.7kg, were selected and randomly assigned to six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with six replicates per group. The soybean oil supplementation levels were 25 and 50g/kg, while the probiotic supplementation levels were 0, 2.5, and 5.0g/h/day. The results showed that supplementing the diet with 50g/kg soybean oil significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) (p=0.02) and carcass yield (p=0.05), while reducing the feed conversion ratio (p=0.05). Additionally, the addition of 2.5g/h/day of probiotics significantly increased dry matter intake (p(L)=0.05, p(Q)=0.03). Notably, supplementation with 50g/kg soybean oil reduced the Warner-Bratzler shear force (p=0.05) and a* (p=0.01) values of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. However, 2.5g/h/day of probiotics significantly improved (p(L)=0.01, p(Q)=0.04) the a* value of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. Soybean oil supplementation at 50g/kg increased the ether extract composition of Biceps brachii (p=0.05) and Semimembranosus (p=0.05). Additionally, it significantly increased TCLA content (p<0.01) and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio (p<0.01). Interestingly, the supplementation of 5.0g/h/day probiotics significantly reduced the thrombogenic index (p=0.03). Moreover, supplementing with 50g/kg soybean oil (p=0.03) and 5.0g/h/day probiotics significantly improved the nutritive value index of goat muscle. Collectively, the findings suggest that the optimal supplementation levels of probiotics and soybean oil are 2.5g/h/day and 50g/kg, respectively. These levels have a more pronounced effect on improving the growth performance of growing goats, increasing CLA content, and enhancing meat quality.

EFFECT OF SOME ESSENTIAL OIL AND ORGANIC ACIDS ON BLOOD PICTURE , LIPID PROFILE AND INTESTINAL HEALTH IN BROILER CHICKENS

The objectire of the present study was to investigate the effect of nutritional additive of associated phytogenic P.E.P. and organic acids supplemented in drinking water on their, blood parameters, lipid profile and intestinal histomorphology in broilers. For this purpose, 240 chicks (Ross-308) one-day old were divided randomly into 6 equal groups each group 40 chicks as follow. G1supplemented with( 0.015 cc Essential Oil (EO) with Aromatic Oil (AO) 0.5cc/L) , G2 add (AO 2cc/L) ,G3 was mix (EO 0.06cc with AO 1,5cc/L) ,G4(0.03 EO with1cc AO/L ,G5 0,12cc EO /L and control (G6) group was fed the basal diet ,the results of blood parameters were indicated significant (P≤0.05) increase in amount of WBC,RBCs, hemoglobin and PCV in groups 3, 4 and 5 compared with the control , also revealed significant increased (P≤0.05) of HDL-cholesterol concentration in G3 and G4 but decreased in triglyceride, total and low density lipid concentrations were influenced by the dietary treatments in G4,3,2 and VLDL in G3 and 5.also exposed significant (P≤0.05)increased in the height and thickness of villus and crypt depth in all parts of small intestine of G3,G4 and G5 compare to the control group. In conclusion the mix Essential Oil and Aromatic Oil supplementation to the broiler diet improve blood picture (RBCs .WBCs,Hb and PCV) and enhanced with maintenance the function of the small intestine .

The Influence of Lipase Enzyme Level and Ca(OH)2 Usage in the Production of Protected Lemuru Fish Oil Supplement on the Texture, Nutrient Content, and Fatty Acid Value of the Product

The scarcity of feed energy source to ruminant can be anticipated by adding oil to the feed. However, the effect of adding oil to the feed more than 7% will reduce the activity of fiber-degrading microbes because fat is toxic. In addition, fat in the feed will easily undergo biohydrogenation by rumen microbes so that it will reduce its function. Making fat protection feed using lemuru fish oil with a combination of lipase enzymes and Ca(OH)2 can be a solution because it aims to protect fat from biohydrogenation in the rumen. The experiment used a completely randomized design method with a 3×2 factorial pattern with factors 1) lipase enzyme (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and factor 2) Ca(OH)2 (20% and 25%). The product results obtained showed that the product quality was in good condition with the product hardness criteria at number 4 (hard). Analysis of variance showed no significant effect on interaction,enzyme factor and Ca(OH)2 factor (P&gt;0.05) on DM, OM, CF and acid number where the combination of L1K20 treatment (1% enzyme and 20% Ca(OH)2) produced the highest DM content of 90.25±1.12%; OM 81.98±1.35%; CF 14.62±0.53%; and the lowest acid number of 0.54±.0.06 mg KOH/g sample. The conclusion that can be given is that the use of a combination of 1% lipase enzyme and 20% Ca(OH)2 in fat protection products produces good quality products in terms of product hardness, high nutrient content and low acid number according to the standard fatty acid number below 1 mg KOH/g sample.

Haematological Indices and Fertility Potential of Rabbits Receiving Camels Foot (Piliostigma thonningii) Essential Oil Supplemented Diet

The current study aimed to evaluate Piliostigma thonningii seeds-derived essential oil (PTO) effect on hematological and reproductive parameters in rabbits. Three groups consisting of 15 animals each were randomly assigned and with an average initial body weight (BW) of 262.89 ± 22.36 g in a fully randomised experimental design. Group 1 received the control diet, while for groups 2 and 3 the basal control diet was supplemented with 2 mL PTO/kg diet and 4 mL PTO/kg diet, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the blood was analysed using the ABACUS ROSS haematology analyser. The results indicated significant differences in rabbits receiving PTO supplemented feed, namely; Packed cell volume, red blood cells, white blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophil increased (P&lt;0.05) with increasing level of PEO supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet were higher (P&lt;0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher (P&lt;0.05) in T3 than T1 with T2 being intermediate (P&gt;0.05) between T1 and T3. Semen volume, concentration and motility were higher (P&lt;0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. While semen abnormalities and bucks’ reaction time to does (libido) were greater (P&lt;0.05) in T1 than in T2 and T3, Live dead ratio was higher (P&lt;0.05) in T3 relative to T1 while T2 was intermediate between T1 and T3 (P&gt;0.05). semen color and pH were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by treatments. It was therefore concluded that P. thonningii essential oil supplementation enhanced both haematological and fertility potential of the experimental rabbits.