Oil Supplementation Research Articles

Fishing for Solutions: How Pre-Conceptional Fish Oil Supplementation in Obese Fathers Reduces Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Offspring Mice.

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic condition with hepatic fat accumulation. The intergenerational effect of obesity has predominantly focused on mothers, with limited studies on paternal obesity. Nutritional intervention with fish oil (FO) has beneficial effects in reducing markers of obesity. We hypothesized that supplementing obese fathers with FO before conception could enhance the metabolic health of their offspring liver. Male mice were assigned to low-fat (LF), high fat (HF), or HF supplemented with FO for 10 weeks. Subsequently, these males were mated with females on a chow diet. Offspring were sacrificed at 8 weeks, and liver tissues were analyzed for gene expression and histology. Offspring body weight was not significantly impacted by paternal diet. However, male offspring of HF fathers had higher levels of markers of inflammation and fatty acid synthesis compared to offspring of LF fed fathers. Paternal FO supplementation significantly reduced fatty acid synthesis and glucose metabolism, while increasing fatty acid oxidation in male offspring, with a less pronounced effect in female offspring. These findings suggest that FO supplementation in obese fathers prior to conception attenuates the development of MAFLD in male offspring. This data underscores the significance of paternal nutritional intervention in promoting offspring health.

The effect of dietary camelina, flaxseed, and canola oil supplementation on skin fatty acid profile and immune and inflammatory responses in healthy adult horses.

Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), an n-3 fatty acid (FA), and is resistant to harsh climates and pests. Previously, supplementation with camelina oil (CAM) in horses had no adverse effects on basic health parameters and had comparable skin and coat parameters as both flaxseed oil (FLX) and canola oil (OLA). Further, the plasma FA profile of horses was reflective of their respective treatment oil. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary CAM supplementation on skin FA profile, immune, and inflammatory responses as compared to two commonly used oils in the equine industry, OLA and FLX, in healthy adult horses. Twenty-four adult horses, from two separate herds, were enrolled in this experiment. The horses underwent a gradual 4-week fat acclimation period to sunflower oil (~0.28% ALA), then were supplemented with either CAM (~34.9% ALA), OLA (~12.0% ALA), or FLX (56.0% ALA) at an inclusion rate of 0.37g/kg body weight (BW) per day for an additional 16 weeks. Immune and inflammatory responses were assessed by measuring antibody concentrations across time after sensitization to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at weeks 10 and 12, and a subsequent delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) challenge. Skin biopsy samples were collected at weeks 0, 8 and 16, and FA composition was determined using gas chromatography. All data were analyzed as a repeated measures ANOVA using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Antibody and DTH responses to KLH did not differ among groups (P = 0.262 and 0.813, respectively), and no treatment by time effects were observed (P = 0.764 and P = 0.817, respectively). Most FA in the skin changed in composition across time, with the sum of n-3 FA increasing (P < 0.001) and the sum of n-6 FA and skin n-6:n-3 ratio decreasing over time (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Only dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (P = 0.025) and the sum of n-3 FA (P = 0.031) had treatment by week effects. At week 16, the composition of eicosapentaenoic acid in skin was greater in FLX than OLA, but neither differed from CAM (P = 0.049). These results suggest that ALA supplementation may beneficially impact skin FA profile. However, due to the small differences in n-3 FA and n-6:n-3 ratio among CAM, FLX, and OLA, a comparable skin FA profile, immune, and inflammatory response was observed among treatments at a dose of 0.37g oil/kg BW. Therefore, CAM may be a suitable alternative to FLX in equine diets for the delivery of ALA.

Essential Oil of Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Enhances Growth and Immunity in Cold-Stressed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus).

Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil is known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study examined the effects of L. nobilis oil (LN) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under cold stress conditions (16°C). Tilapia (initial weight, 5.02 ± 0.02 g) were acclimatized to 16°C for 14 days before being fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg LN oil for 84 days. The 1.5 g/kg LN oil group exhibited the highest final body weight and weight gain (p ≤ 0.05), while survival rates peaked at 1 g/kg. Biometric indices and feed efficiency were significantly enhanced, particularly at 1.5 g/kg (p ≤ 0.05). Histological analysis revealed improved intestinal and hepatic structures in LN-supplemented groups, although mild alterations were observed at 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg. Blood biochemical analysis showed increased total protein and reduced cholesterol in supplemented groups. Immune responses, including serum lysozyme activity and bacterial inhibition, were significantly enhanced at 1.5 g/kg or higher (p ≤ 0.05). Antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), increased (p ≤ 0.05) with LN oil supplementation, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Gene expression analysis demonstrated increased insulin-like growth factor 1 and glucose transporter 4 levels with 1.5 g/kg LN oil, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression decreased at higher dosages. Dietary LN oil, particularly at 1.5 g/kg, enhances growth, immunity, and antioxidant defense in Nile tilapia under cold stress. Future studies should optimize dosages and explore broader applications across species and conditions.

Effects of Fish Oil with Heat Treatment on Obesity, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice

Background/Objectives: Menopause induces substantial metabolic changes, including a reduction in metabolic rate and an elevated risk of developing metabolic diseases. Fish oil (FO) supplementation has been shown to ameliorate menopause-associated metabolic risks. Hyperthermia treatment (HT) has recently gained attention for its potential to improve metabolic and immune health. However, it remains to be determined whether HT can confer metabolic benefits comparable to those of FO supplementation or enhance the metabolic benefits of FO supplementation. This study aims to delineate the distinctive and collaborative effects of HT and FO supplementation in mitigating menopause-associated metabolic dysfunction. Methods: Female C57BL/6 ovariectomized (OVX) mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12/group) to evaluate the individual and combined effects of FO supplementation (5% w/w) and HT treatment. For HT, whole-body heat exposure was conducted at 40–41 °C for 30 min, 5 days per week. After 12 weeks, animals were used to evaluate the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity outcome, and inflammatory markers. The gut microbiome analysis was conducted from cecal content by 16S rRNA sequencing. Acute inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to evaluate inflammatory responses. Results: HT alone distinctively reduced weight gain, lowered core body temperature, and attenuated insulin resistance comparable to FO supplement in OVX mice. The collaborative effect of FO and HT was not evident in metabolic parameters but more prominent in attenuating proinflammatory responses and microbiota modulation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the combined treatment of FO supplementation and HT may serve as an effective strategy to mitigate menopause-associated immune susceptibility and metabolic dysfunction. These benefits are likely mediated, at least in part, through the reduction in inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiota.

Effect of olive olive extracts in myocardial and vascular function of patients with chronic cononary syndromes

Abstract Introduction In a recent study, we demonstrated that the administration of an olive oil supplement enriched with HT (Olivomed) reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, improves endothelial and arterial function, and facilitates the diastolic function of the left ventricle after a short treatment period in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Objetive Wehypothesized that the administration of an oral supplement, Olivomed SMART, containing olive oil extract enriched with oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleocanthal (OLEO), can reduce oxidative burden and further improve cardiac and vascular markers in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Method Thus, in a prospective, randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we randomized 15 patients with chronic coronary syndromes to an oral supplement of olive oil extract enriched with OL, HT, and OLEO in a ratio of 2:1:3 or a placebo for one month. We measured before treatment, one month after using the placebo, and one month after administering the olive supplement: a) the Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) related inversely to the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx in sublingual arterioles (range 5–25 μm), a marker inversely related to glycocalyx thickness, b) endothelial-dependent vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, c) flow reserve in the anterior descending (CFR) with Doppler echocardiography, d) pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), e) concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker. Results It appears that the administration of the Olivomed SMART supplement significantly improves vascular markers FMD and CFR compared to baseline, while no changes are induced by the placebo (Table 1). Olivomed SMART improves diastolic function, as shown by improved values of E’, E/e’, DT, LVGLS. No significant no marker indicates any difference compared to baseline (Table 2). The administration of the Olivomed SMART supplement significantly reduced levels of the oxidative stress marker MDA and oxidized LDL cholesterol in serum compared to baseline. In contrast, no statistically significant changes were observed after placebo administration (Table 3). Comparing the action of Olivomed and Olivomed SMART on the main vascular, echocardiographic, and biochemical markers relative to baseline values before treatment, the following table (Table 4) shows significant changes after the administration of Olivomed SMART in left ventricular longitudinal strain values and glycocalyx integrity in vessels ranging 20-25 μm. Conclusion Comparing Olivomed and Olivomed SMART, it appears that the beneficial effects on vascular and cardiac properties are largely due to the action of HT, while the newer combined formulation seems to provide additional benefits in endothelial function of arterioles, coronary artery function, and myocardial strain through the reduction of oxidative stress.

Protected palmitic acid to mitigate milk fat depression in grazing Holstein cows in the Mexican Highlands

ABSTRACT The cis-9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are associated with anticancer and lipolytic effects in tissues, respectively, but in lactating cows, the latter isomer reduces the milk fat concentration, a detrimental aspect for the dairy industry, as it reduces the yield of milk derivatives. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing protected palmitic acid (PA P ) to grazing lactating Holstein cows supplemented with soybean oil as a source of conjugated linoleic acid, on milk production, fat concentration and mitigation of milk fat depression. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used, distributed in three groups of three cows each, with initial means of days in milk, live weight, milk production, and number of calvings: 124 ± 16 days, 494 ± 53 kg, 20.9 ± 1.3 kg, and 3.2 ± 2.2, respectively. A crossover design with three treatments was used: control (base diet, BD, = grazing +4 kg concentrate without soybean oil + 2.5 kg corn silage), soybean oil (BD with inclusion of 300 g dry basis soybean oil cow−1 day−1), and soybean oil + PA P (BD with inclusion of 300 g dry basis soybean oil and 412 g PA P cow−1 day−1). The groups of cows were on rotational grazing in a mixed pasture of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). The variables evaluated were as follows: dry matter intake (DM), milk production, concentration of protein, fat and lactose in milk, and milk fat profile. Statistical analysis was through PROC MIXED and comparison of means with Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments in dry matter intake, milk production or milk protein and lactose content. But the addition of PA P in the cow diet increased fat-corrected milk production (p = 0.010), yield (p = 0.030) and fat concentration (p = 0.040), and improved the milk fatty acid profile, by increasing (p = 0.010) the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat. Soybean oil supplementation in the diet of grazing lactating cows showed no differences in productive variables, and did not cause the expected milk fat depression. However, combining soybean oil with PA P improved the fatty acid profile, increasing the cis-9, trans-11 isomer CLA and palmitic acid in milk fat, with higher yield and fat concentration.

Efficacy of fish oil supplementation on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveGlobally, the occurrence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is on a steady rise. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory effects and can improve lipid metabolism. The article aims to assess the impact of fish oil supplementation on MASLD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to September 31, 2024, for randomized control trials (RCTs). The risk of bias of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Outcomes measured were aspects of liver injury, lipid profile, insulin resistance, anthropometric measurements, and more.ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 439 participants were incorporated into the analysis. In general, the risk of bias in these RCTs was either low or not clearly defined. Pooled analysis showed that triglycerides [TG, pooled standard mean difference (SMD): −0.40 (95% CI: −0.58 to −0.21)], aspartate transaminase [AST, SMD: −0.29 (95% CI: −0.48 to −0.10)], HOMA-IR [SMD: −2.06 (95% CI: −3.36 to −0.49)] and waist circumference [Waist-C, SMD: −0.31 (95% CI: −0.54 to −0.08)] were significantly improved. But showed no significant benefits on alanine transaminase [ALT, SMD: −0.15 (95% CI: −0.45 to 0.15)], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT, SMD: −0.07 (95% CI: −0.26 to 0.12)], body mass index [BMI, SMD: 0.16 (95% CI: −0.34 to 0.02)], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL, SMD: 0.02 (95% CI: −0.18 to 0.22)], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL, SMD: −0.01 (95% CI: −0.20 to 0.18)], Total Cholesterol [TC, SMD: −0.34 (95% CI: −0.70 to 0.01)] and so on.ConclusionThe current evidence supports the fish oil supplementation in improving MASLD. Fish oil supplementation may also regulate blood lipids and improve glucose metabolism disorders.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier CRD42024513246.

P1245 Maternal intake of fish, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fish oil supplements during pregnancy and risk of early childhood Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the offspring

Abstract Background A key question remains unanswered: whether maternal consumption of fish and fish oil supplements during pregnancy is associated with the risk of early childhood inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in offspring. This association was examined in the present study. Methods Data from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002) were used, which collected maternal dietary data in early pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and data from the National Patient Registry to identify IBD cases. The study included mother-child dyads in which the mother had a singleton pregnancy, responded to the FFQ and demonstrated plausible energy intake and children under the age of 18 were considered. The exposure variables were assessed as tertiles of maternal intake of total fish (g/day), oily fish (g/day), lean fish (g/day), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (g/day) from diet, and fish oil supplements (yes/no). Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with the first tertile [T (lower intakes)] as the reference. Analyses were adjusted for maternal educational level, gestational weight gain, alcohol intake, smoking, antibiotics, parental IBD, diet quality (Healthy Eating Index), and offspring antibiotic consumption. Results The study included data on 67,770 mother-child dyads, and, among the offspring, 192 cases of IBD [Crohn disease (CD), n= 106; ulcerative colitis (UC), n= 86] were identified. The mean intake (standard deviation [SD]) in g/d was 27.2 (±6.10) of fish, 14.7 (±3.79) of oily fish and 12.5 (±3.34) of lean fish. The mean (SD) intake of n-3 PUFA was 0.509 g/d (±0.40), and 5.9% of women consumed fish oil during pregnancy. High maternal intake (T3) of n-3 PUFA was associated with a 38% reduction in IBD risk (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98) in offspring, whereas average intake of oily fish reduced the risk of UC in offspring (p= 0.047). Average (T2) and high intakes of lean fish also reduced the risk of IBD, by 49% (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.77) and 35% (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98), respectively. More specifically, an average intake of lean fish reduced offspring CD risk by 58% (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.77). No association was found in relation to the other variables. Conclusion The type of fish consumed during pregnancy appeared to influence the risk of developing CD and UC differently. Our large-scale population study suggests that maternal consumption of oily fish is protective against the development of UC in offspring, while maternal consumption of lean fish is protective against development of CD in offspring. Overall, these results favor fish consumption in pregnancy.

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, oxidative stability, meat quality, and regulatory mechanisms in Holstein steers.

Dietary supplementation for beef cattle, using natural plant extracts, such as oregano essential oil (OEO), has proven effective in enhancing growth performance, beef production quantity and quality, and ensuring food safety. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of OEO on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, meat quality, oxidative status, flavor compounds, and gene regulatory mechanisms in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles of beef cattle. Eighteen steers were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 9 per group) and fed either a control diet (CK) or the same diet supplemented with 20 g of OEO per head per day for 300 days. Oregano essential oil supplementation improved the body weight, carcass weight, meat production, area and diameter of fiber, ether extract, and water-holding power of muscle. Increasing catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and by decreasing lipid droplets (LDs) reduced muscle lipid oxidation. However, the color (L*, a*, b*, C* and H°) and the flavor compounds of muscle were affected adversely by OEO. The transcriptome and metabolome indicated the OEO group enriched fat synthesis, proteo-metabolism, antioxidants, and growth significantly. Five key genes (SH2B2, CD209, LOC504773, C1QC, and HMOX) and ten downregulated metabolites (deoxyguanosine, d-melezitose, maltotriose, raffinose, melatonin, quinic acid, orotic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) were identified as key biomarkers. These interacted to positively influence the growth, oxidative status, and meat quality of steers positively. These findings suggest that OEO, as a natural bioactive compound, can serve as an additive for beef cattle, with a daily dose of 20 g per steer improving growth and meat quality, although it may affect muscle color and flavor negatively. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Protective Effect of Flaxseed Oil on Diazinon-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats in Sub-Chronic Exposure

Background: Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide, exerts various adverse effects on human organs. In this study, we investigated the potential cardiotoxic effects of flaxseed oil (FS oil) on oxidative stress caused by DZN in the heart tissue of rats. Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into five groups: a control group receiving normal saline, an FS oil group administered 200 mg/kg/d of FS oil, a DZN group treated with 70 mg/kg/d of DZN, and two co-treatment groups receiving DZN alongside FS oil at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d. We assessed oxidative stress biomarkers in heart tissue, including malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total thiol content. Heart tissue morphology was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: DZN significantly increased the levels of malondialdehyde (12.04±1.16) and total oxidant status (0.43±0.01) and also decreased the content of catalase (23.09±1.99), superoxide dismutase (5.52±0.61), and total thiol content (6.31±0.77) in heart tissue. FS-oil + DZN decreased malondialdehyde (10.88±0.31) and total oxidant status (0.41±0.01) and also increased the content of catalase (29.34±1.77), superoxide dismutase (6.64±0.21), and total thiol content (8.20±0.15) in heart tissue. FS oil supplement consumption reversed oxidative stress status in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FS oil ameliorated heart histopathological alterations induced by DZN. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that DZN induced heart toxicity and that FS oil had protective effects. Additionally, FS oil supplementation conferred protective effects on the heart against toxicity induced by DZN.

Dietary Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds oil supplementation augments growth performance and gut microbial composition in Labeo rohita fingerlings

The present study investigates the supplemental effects of chia seed oil (CSO) on the growth performance and modulation of intestinal microbiota in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of CSO: 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% represented as CSO (1), CSO (2), and, CSO (3) groups alongside a control group without CSO. L. rohita fingerlings (n = 180) (mean weight = 19.74 ± 0.33 g) were randomly distributed in triplicates for 60 days to these treatment groups. The results depicted significant improvements (p < 0.05) in weight gain (WG) %, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in the group supplemented with the lowest level of CSO. Gut microbial analysis evidenced the ability of CSO at 1.0% to augment the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes, as well as genera Luteolibacter and Cetobacterium, indicating higher alpha diversity compared to the control. Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated a distinct composition of microbial communities in CSO-supplemented groups relative to the control (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis further revealed a significant (p < 0.05) association of specific microbial taxa with growth performance parameters. The predictions of metabolic pathways suggested the involvement of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways in the CSO (1) group, indicating improved nutrient transport and metabolism. Overall, the findings highlight the beneficial effects of 1.0% CSO supplementation on growth performance and modulation of gut microbiota in L. rohita fingerlings.

Oral Lipids/Fatty Acids Supplements and Eczema: What Is Known?

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) points to skin barrier dysfunction as a critical piece of the puzzle. Deficiencies in fatty acids and ceramides-key elements of the skin barrier-have been linked to AD. Fatty acids can be separated into omega-3 and omega-6, which can be found in a variety of foods such as fish, nuts, seeds, and even plants. In dogs, supplementation with oral fatty acids has shown promising benefits. This review aims to explore whether humans can similarly benefit from these supplements based on current literature. The results of our search varied by compound type. For borage oil and evening primrose oil, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed, though they may offer some preventative benefits. Fish oil supplements appear to be effective in treating AD, as they reduce clinical scores and symptom severity. Oral ceramides, blackcurrant seed oil, and hempseed oil have yet to be thoroughly studied, but preliminary results are promising. Among the studies, the supplementation doses and duration of treatment varied extensively. The literature did not provide comparative analysis between the supplements, and data on the overall safety and tolerability of these supplements are limited. While some evidence is promising, the reliability of these products, as well as their optimal dosage and frequency, remains uncertain.

The role of anti-inflammatory diets and supplementation in metabolic syndrome and symptom remission in adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review.

Immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation have been hypothesized as potential pathways in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia. Anti-inflammatory diets have the potential not only to treat metabolic syndrome but also to reduce the symptom burden in schizophrenia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the role of anti-inflammatory diets and vitamin supplementation in the management of metabolic syndrome and in symptom remission in people with schizophrenia. This systematic review included research articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes were markers of metabolic syndrome and symptoms of psychosis. Our search identified 2,124 potential studies, of which 1,559 were screened based on the title and abstract, resulting in 81 full-text articles assessed for eligibility. A total of 17 studies were included, which demonstrated mixed findings on the impacts of anti-inflammatory diet interventions on metabolic markers and symptom remission in schizophrenia. Prebiotic, probiotic, and fish oil supplementation showed improvements in metabolic markers. Fish oil and vitamin D supplementation demonstrated symptom remission in some trials. It is important to consider that people with schizophrenia may experience common external barriers that hinder adherence to dietary interventions. These findings underscore the need for larger trials with standardized dietary protocols and consistent metabolic and symptom outcome measures in order to better understand the potential role of anti-inflammatory interventions in this population. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024511596.

Fish oil a source of omega-3 fatty acids affects hypothalamus heat resistance genes expressions and fatty acid composition in heat-stressed chicks.

This study investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on the hypothalamus heat resistance gene expressions and fatty acid composition of chicks under acute high-temperature stress, for treating Cholestasis. A total of 48 chicks (Ross 308) at age of 14 days were acclimatized to corn oil or FO (n = 24 for each) by oral gavaging for 10 days, and then subjected to heat stress (35 ± 1 °C, HT) for 3 h or maintained at the normal temperature (26 ± 1 °C, NT) as grouped as NT and FO-NT control and HT and FO-HT (n = 12 for each).. The results showed that FO supplementation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on feed intake or body weight. The FO-HT group exhibited (P<0.05) a lower rectal temperature, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), triglyceride and corticosterone levels, in accompany with lower expressions of hypothalamic adenine nucleotide translocators (ANT) and uncoupling protein (UCP) but increased (P<0.05) plasma superoxide dismutase activity and hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) expressions.. Additionally, the FO-HT group (P < 0.05) demonstrated a higher unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio in the breast muscle. These findings suggest that FO supplementation can enhance the heat resistance of broiler chicks under acute heat stress and alter the fatty acid composition of their breast muscle. However, further studies are needed to determine whether desirable fatty acids can cross the blood-brain barrier and their implications for human health.

Experiences of Māori and Pacific women recruited into a pregnancy clinical trial in Aotearoa, New Zealand: a Kaupapa Māori qualitative study

ObjectivesTo explore the perspectives of Māori and Pacific women who participated in the Fish Oil study to ascertain what barriers and facilitators may exist for successfully recruiting Māori and Pacific...

The Effectiveness of Perinatal Omega-3 Supplements in Neurodevelopment and Physical Growth of 9- and 12-month-old Infants: A Follow-up of a Clinical Trial.

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) that are essential for optimal health and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal fish oil (containing omega-3 LCPUFA) intake from 21th week of pregnancy to 30 days postpartum for neurodevelopment and growth of infants at 9 and 12 months. This was a follow-up study of a triple-blinded clinical trial. The study population was 9- month-old infants. Their mothers were randomly divided into two groups of 75 people with a 1:1 ratio to take one fish oil supplement or a placebo daily. The anthropometric indicators of infants at months 9 and 12 and neurodevelopment at month 12 by the ASQ questionnaire were measured. In the fish oil and placebo groups, respectively, 73 and 71 infants at nine months, as well as 71 and 69 at 12 months, were analyzed. No statistically significant impact was observed following consuming omega-3 capsules on the neurodevelopmental domains, growth parameters, and the profile of maternal serum FAs (p > 0.05) except DHA. Neurodevelopmental problems were illustrated in one case in the intervention group and two cases in the placebo group. Perinatal relatively low-dose omega-3 LCPUFAs supplements indicated no statistically significant impacts on the growth and neurodevelopment of 9- and 12-month-old infants in a population with low consumption of marine products. Further studies investigating the effect of higher doses of omega-3 LCPUFAs are suggested.

Potential of cumin essential oil as inhibitor of deamination during ensiling process: A meta-analysis and in-silico approach

Silage produced from high-protein forage is susceptible to amino acid deamination, resulting in ammonia production. One strategy in the development of novel additives is to employ the in-silico method and meta-analysis. Cumin essential oils (EOs) contain metabolite chemicals that may serve as deamination inhibitors, necessary for further research both in vitro and in vivo. This study intends to conduct virtual screening through molecular docking simulations of compounds derived from cumin essential oil as deamination inhibitors in silico, alongside a meta-analysis to validate their efficacy on fermentative products during ensiling. This work examines the relationship between the ligand of Cumin EOs and the particular glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) receptor specific from Clostridium sp., a common contaminant in silage. The observed metrics included energy values derived from the Vina program, pharmacokinetic analysis, and free ammonia concentration in silage. The meta-analysis results indicated that cumin essential oil supplementation effectively decreased free ammonia during ensiling (P &lt; 0.05). However, computer simulations showed that the α-hederin molecule compound was the most effective ligand tested as a deamination inhibitor. In conclusion, it is proposed that Eos cumin might act as a deamination inhibitor in silage while it is being stored.

Diet supplementation with a mixture of essential oils: Effects on enteric methane emissions, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and lactational performance.

This study examined the effects of supplementing dairy cows with a mixture of essential oils on enteric CH4 emissions, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility, N utilization, and lactational performance (production, components and efficiency). Thirty-two multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. Cows averaged (mean ± SD) 95 ± 15.4 DIM, 47.7 ± 4.51 kg milk yield, and 698 ± 68.2 kg BW, at the start of the experiment. The experiment consisted of a 3-wk pretreatment period (i.e., covariate), followed by a 3-wk adaptation to the experimental treatments, and a 10-wk period for data and sample collection. At the beginning of the study, milk yield and DIM data were used to block the cows into 16 blocks of 2 cows each. Subsequently, the blocks were adjusted based on milk yield and enteric CH4 emission data collected during the pretreatment period. Within each block, cows were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: (1) a basal diet supplemented with a placebo (control, no additive), or (2) a basal diet with the essential oil supplement (Agolin, 1 g/cow/d). The basal diet (i.e., total mixed ration) was composed of 69.3% forage (corn and alfalfa silage and grass hay) and 30.7% concentrate, on a dry matter (DM) basis, while the essential oil mixture consisted mainly of coriander seed oil, eugenol, geraniol and geranyl acetate. Twice daily, the essential oil supplement was thoroughly mixed with 50 g of a commercial protein supplement (i.e., carrier) and 500 g of the TMR and this premix (i.e., 550 g/meal) was offered to the cow before the basal diet. No interactions between the essential oil supplement and the sampling week were observed for any of the response variables. Dry matter intake, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility and N balance were unaffected by feeding the essential oil supplement. Yields of milk, 4% FCM, and ECM were not modified by the experimental treatment. Neither feed efficiency (kg milk/kg DMI, kg 4% FCM/kg DMI, kg ECM/kg DMI) nor dietary N use efficiency in milk N secretion (i.e., g milk N/ g N intake) were affected by essential oil supplementation. Body weight change and BCS did not differ between cows fed the essential oil supplement versus cows fed the control. Daily enteric CH4 emissions, CH4 yield, and CH4 intensity averaged 498 g/d, 18.4 g/kg of DMI, and 11.0 g/kg of ECM, respectively, and were unchanged by essential oil supplementation. We conclude that supplementing cows fed a high-forage diet with 1 g/d of this essential oil mixture did not positively affect lactational performance, nutrient digestibility, and N utilization, or reduce enteric CH4 (emissions, yield, and intensity). More research is needed to identify the optimal dose of this essential oil mixture and elucidate how it may interact with the basal diet to improve the mixture's efficacy.

Evaluation of the Lipid Composition of Commercially Available Evening Primrose Products by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Evening primrose oil supplements are rich in omega-6 fatty acids, with emphasis on linoleic and γ-linolenic acids, being taken in the treatment and prevention of diseases, but mainly for the relief of symptoms caused by premenstrual tension and menopause in women. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the lipid profile of evening primrose oil supplements using gas chromatography techniques with a flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. For this, eight commercially available national evening primrose oil brands were used. Of the eight samples analyzed, only two met all the standards established in legislation for fatty acids. The remaining capsules were subjected to triacylglycerol analysis and using a calibration curve the presence of soybean oil in the composition of the evening primrose oil capsules was verified. From the triacylglycerol with a mass/charge ratio of 901, it was possible to identify the addition of 31.16-85.88% of soybean oil in six of the eight capsules, leading the consumer to ingest products that did not comply with current legislation.

Soybean oil and probiotics improve meat quality, conjugated linoleic acid concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary soybean oil and probiotics on goat meat quality, total conjugated linoleic acids (TCLA) concentration, and nutritional quality indicators of goats. Thirty-six male crossbred goats (Anglo-Nubian♂× Thai native♀), weighing 18.3±2.7kg, were selected and randomly assigned to six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with six replicates per group. The soybean oil supplementation levels were 25 and 50g/kg, while the probiotic supplementation levels were 0, 2.5, and 5.0g/h/day. The results showed that supplementing the diet with 50g/kg soybean oil significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) (p=0.02) and carcass yield (p=0.05), while reducing the feed conversion ratio (p=0.05). Additionally, the addition of 2.5g/h/day of probiotics significantly increased dry matter intake (p(L)=0.05, p(Q)=0.03). Notably, supplementation with 50g/kg soybean oil reduced the Warner-Bratzler shear force (p=0.05) and a* (p=0.01) values of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. However, 2.5g/h/day of probiotics significantly improved (p(L)=0.01, p(Q)=0.04) the a* value of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. Soybean oil supplementation at 50g/kg increased the ether extract composition of Biceps brachii (p=0.05) and Semimembranosus (p=0.05). Additionally, it significantly increased TCLA content (p<0.01) and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio (p<0.01). Interestingly, the supplementation of 5.0g/h/day probiotics significantly reduced the thrombogenic index (p=0.03). Moreover, supplementing with 50g/kg soybean oil (p=0.03) and 5.0g/h/day probiotics significantly improved the nutritive value index of goat muscle. Collectively, the findings suggest that the optimal supplementation levels of probiotics and soybean oil are 2.5g/h/day and 50g/kg, respectively. These levels have a more pronounced effect on improving the growth performance of growing goats, increasing CLA content, and enhancing meat quality.