Supervisory System Research Articles

Development of a Smart Supervision System for Achieving Chatter-free Manual Drilling Operation

Monitoring twist drill chatter is essential to avoid catastrophic failures, achieve better hole accuracy, and realize smart manufacturing goals. This paper presents a framework for developing a supervisory system that combines a sensor, data acquisition, detection algorithm, and Human Machine Interface (HMI) to achieve chatter-free operation of manual drilling machines. It utilizes an accelerometer for capturing real-time process information and extracts features from the sensor data using Root Mean Square (RMS) and Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM) algorithms. The drilling operation stability or chatter conditions are communicated to the operator through HMI for enhanced human-process interactions. The proposed supervisory system has been implemented on a manual drilling machine to achieve chatter-free operations and demonstrate robust performance under various conditions. The developed framework is validated by performing manual drilling experiments with typical work materials (Aluminum, Mild Steel, and Titanium) and drill (High-Speed Steel and Solid Carbide) combinations over a range of feed rates and spindle speeds.

Intravenous Infiltration and Extravasation: Performance of Nurses at Pediatric Hospitals in Khartoum State in 2019

Aim: Prevention is the best method for decreasing morbidity from peripheral intravenous infiltration and extravasation. The study aimed to study nurses’ performance regarding intravenous infiltration and extravasation.Method: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at four pediatric hospitals in Khartoum state. In total, 165 nurses were included using a simple random sampling of different working experiences. Data were collected using an observational checklist and analyzed using the statistical packages for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: Most of the nurses(72.8%) did not flush 0.9% saline to assess cannula function; all nurses in the present study covered the insertion site with non-transparent plaster, and more than half (57.6%) diluted vesicant medication with a lesser amount than required. There was a statistically significant association between qualifications and practice scores (P=0.001).Conclusion: This study showed that nurses had a poor level of practice regarding intravenous infiltration and extravasation.Recommendation: We recommend education, guidelines, and standards for infusion therapy. Additionally, a supervisory system should be created to ensure best practices.

Attack-Resilient Supervisory Control under Energy-Bounded Attacks

In this paper, we investigate the problem of synthesizing safe supervisors for discrete-event systems under attacks. Specifically, we consider an important class of attacks called the actuator enablement attacks (AE-attacks), where an attacker can additionally enable events that are disabled by the supervisor originally. We assume that the attacker consumes certain units of energy each time to launch an attack, and its total energy budget is bounded. Our goal is to synthesize an attack-resilient supervisor such that the closed-loop system is still safe under any attack whose capability is constrained by the energy bound. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such an attack-resilient supervisor based on the notion of safety threshold. When the existence condition holds, an attack-resilient supervisor can be effectively synthesized by dynamically estimating the remaining energy of the attacker. We show the synthesized supervisor is maximally permissive in terms of the nominal behavior without attack.

MDESops: An Open-Source Software Tool for Discrete Event Systems Modeled by Automata

The salient features of the new software tool MDESops are presented. MDESops is Python-based and open-source. Its focus is the analysis and control of discrete event systems (DES) modeled by finite-state automata. MDESops has core functions to manipulate deterministic and nondeterministic automata, including parallel composition and determinization. It has functions to analyze diagnosability and opacity properties. MDESops also includes functions that implement both standard and more recent algorithmic procedures from the theory of supervisory control of DES, including synthesis of supervisors for partially-observed systems, synthesis of attackers in systems with compromised sensors, and synthesis of supervisors resilient to deception attacks. It is the hope that MDESops can serve as a useful platform for algorithm development and prototyping in DES research.

Co-Designing an AI driven supervisory real-time tracking system for Namibian children

Co-Designing an AI driven supervisory real-time tracking system for Namibian children

Social Dynamics Towards an Advanced and Prosperous Acehnese Society

This study aims to describe and analyze the Social Dynamics Towards an Advanced and Prosperous Acehnese Community After the Implementation of Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of the Special Region of Aceh and to describe and analyze what factors support and hinder the Social Dynamics Towards Acehnese People Forward and Prosperous After the Implementation of Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of the Special Region of Aceh To reveal this reality, qualitative research methods are used where the data obtained is processed by organizing and sorting the data into patterns or categories and descriptions of the basic units so that they can be read and interpreted more. Based on the facts and phenomena obtained in the field, the following research results are obtained: Characteristics of the Social Dynamics of the Acehnese Society include the process of interaction in society that is well established in the form of mutual cooperation, Order in social groups that always strives to maintain Acehnese values, and Changes in Norms in society due to exposure to technological advances. Types of Social Dynamics of the Acehnese People in the form of Social deviations caused by material factors (money), sex, and individualistic attitude factors where social changes due to the influence of foreign customs and culture are caused by world globalization and Westernization, so that government social control is needed by making early programs and there is motivation from the hamlet head carries out his role as a guide in the lives of adolescents. Supporting factors The social dynamics towards an advanced and prosperous Acehnese society are supported by special autonomy given considering the historical background of Aceh's greatness in the past, the existence of local political parties is considered more able to pay attention to and fight for the interests of the Acehnese people, the existence of foreign institutions and regulation of revenue funds that are obtained. Inhibiting Factors There is a long impact of the Acehnese people's disappointment with the central government, the misappropriation of Aceh special autonomy funds occurs because there is no special supervisory system, Obstacles in developing investment in Aceh include the quality of human resources, and inadequate regulations and The impact of globalization has penetrated various social value systems and culture become obstacles to the social dynamics of the people of Aceh.

Internalization of Principles of Islamic Supervision For Minimize Fraud in Government

The emergence of fraud is generally a combination of motivation and opportunity. The aim of this research is to reveal the essence of Islamic supervision in order to minimize immoral acts such as fraud that often occur in government agencies. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design. The author tries to provide a more progressive picture of the Islamic supervisory system as a preventive step in minimizing acts of fraud within the scope of the organization. The data source used by the author is from the results of previous research and of course the theories that support writing related to Islamic supervision so that conclusions are drawn from this paper. The results of the study showed that fraud is foul caused by moral weakness of person, so an alternative is needed to strengthen these morals. By adopting Islamic supervision, it is very effective for every element in government agencies in minimizing acts of fraud. Islam believes that supervision can come from within oneself with the assumption that Allah SWT is All-Knowing of everything that is done by humans so that an attitude of caution will emerge in doing work, besides that Islam also believes that supervision must be integrated into the supervisory system itself to be present as a control over wrong actions and justify the right.

연결 RBC제도의 도입과 가용자본의 가치관련성 변화

This study empirically analyzes the value relevance of available capital(hereafter AV) by comparing it with the value relevance of equity book value, and whether the value relevance of AV changed significantly due to the adoption of the consolidated RBC system.
 The analysis results are as follows. First, it was reported that the value relevance of AV was significantly lower than the value relevance of equity book value. This indicates that the low value relevance of the insurer’s net profit is not because the valuation of the insurers is based on the liquidation value, but because the usefulness of the insurer’s net profit itself is low. Second, the value relevance of AV has significantly increased since the adoption of the consolidated RBC system. This is interpreted as a result of indicating that the change of RBC system in a consistent direction in IFRS, Basel Ⅲ and Solvency Ⅱ is a desirable direction in terms of value relevance. This study is significant in that it indirectly confirmed the perspective of valuation in the capital market and reviewed the effect of implementing the new supervisory system from the perspective of valuation in the capital market.

Pengaruh Standar Operasional Prosedur dan Pengawasan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT BPRS Amanah Ummah

Employee performance is certainly mani factors that suppot its success. An employee is said to be successful or failed if there are standards that measure his work and evaluation as a supervisory system set by the company. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of standar operating procedures and supervision on the performance of employees of PT BPRS Amanah Ummah. Quantitative research method with explanatory approach, data collection by questionnaire as many as 30 respondents. The results of the study indicate that standar operating prosedures have a very high influence on employee performance. While the variable of supervision on employee performance has a high influence. Furthermore, the variables of standard operating prosedures and supervision together have an influence on the performance of employee of PT BPRS Amanah Ummah.

Revealing the Integrity of Investigators in Handling Cases of Crimesby Witnesses Perpetrated (Case Study of Alleged Criminal Acts of Vandalism in Central Buton Regency)

This study aims to examine and analyze the integrity of investigators in handling criminal cases committed by witnesses (Case Study of Alleged Criminal Acts of Vandalism in Central Buton Regency), through a juridical-empirical research approach and analysis of qualitative methods. The results show. To reveal the integrity of investigators, two indicators are used, namely honesty and objectivism. So the results of the study showed that there was dishonesty by the investigators, namely asking for the summons of witnesses at night, the investigator denied the question and said it was not true while regarding objectivism, the investigator allegedly sided with the reporter based on the alleged threat to the witness to admit that he did it. Suggestions in realizing investigators with integrity can be formed through two aspects, namely internal aspects, and external aspects, internal aspects of the police institution must be seriously fostered through quality education of cultural maturity, spiritual maturity, psychological maturity, cultural maturity, conscience maturity, and moral maturity that originates from, external aspects, namely synergies between institutions and integration into a supervisory system.

ANALISIS SISTEM PENGAWASAN KERJA PADA PT. TRIMITRA SWADAYA MEDAN

The purpose of this research is to find out whether the implementation of the supervisory system results in a sense of responsibility towards work that is also not maximized at PT Trimitra Swadaya Medan, to find out the ability of the existing supervisory system to minimize and anticipate work constraints that occur at PT Trimitra Swadaya Medan and to determine the ability of the existing performance monitoring system in the company to support the maximum increase in employee performance at PT Trimitra Swadaya Medan. Research uses data collection techniques of observation, interviews, observation and documentation studies. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis method. Based on the research results, it is known that work supervision at PT. Trimitra Swadaya Medan is known to have a tendency to not apply the supervisory system optimally from the leadership so that employees' sense of responsibility towards work also tends to be less than optimal. In addition to supervising the work of employees in order to maintain work discipline so that it always goes according to regulations and procedures, it is necessary to have supervision from those who also have general knowledge in the field of management, especially organizational management. Furthermore, the constraints on work supervision state that one of the supervisor's obligations is to review all employee activities as well as the supervisor's efforts in supervising employee performance. Basically, the supervisory system is divided into two, namely general supervision and special supervision.

Design of a supervisory control system for autonomous operation of advanced reactors

Advanced reactors to be deployed in the coming decades will face deregulated energy markets, and may adopt flexible operation to boost profitability. To aid in the transition from baseload to flexible operation paradigm, autonomous operation is sought. This work focuses on the control aspect of autonomous operation. Specifically, a hierarchical control system is designed to support constraint enforcement during routine operational transients. Within the system, data-driven modeling, physics-based state observation, and classical control algorithms are integrated to provide an adaptable and robust solution. A 320MW Fluoride-cooled High-temperature Pebble-bed Reactor is the design basis for demonstrating the proposed control system.The hierarchical control system consists of a supervisory layer and low-level layer. The supervisory layer receives requests to change the system’s operating conditions (e.g., the current reactor power to meet a load-follow), and accepts or rejects them based on constraints that have been assigned. Constraints are issued to keep the plant within an optimal operating region. The low-level layer interfaces with the actuators of the system to fulfill requested changes, while maintaining tracking and regulation duties. To accept requests at the supervisory layer, the Reference Governor algorithm was adopted. To model the dynamics of the reactor, a system identification algorithm, Dynamic Mode Decomposition, was utilized. To estimate the evolution of process variables that cannot be directly measured (e.g., the propagation of delayed neutron precursors), the Unscented Kalman Filter, incorporating a nonlinear model of nuclear dynamics, was adopted. The composition of these algorithms led to a numerical demonstration of constraint enforcement during a 40% power drop transient (at a rate of 5%/min). Uncontrolled secondary-side temperatures were successfully constrained. Adaptability of the proposed system was demonstrated by modifying the constraint values, and enforcing them during the transient. Robustness was also demonstrated by enforcing constraints under noisy environments.

A heartbeat-based study of attention in the detection of digital alarms from focused and distributed supervisory control systems

A heartbeat-based study of attention in the detection of digital alarms from focused and distributed supervisory control systems

영국 금융법제의 특징과 금융감독방식의 변화가 한국에 주는 시사점

Financial regulation and financial policy are actively discussed not only just in Korea but also all over the world. In the United Kingdom, known as a traditional financial powerhouse, combines the financial and the IT sector by applying its own dual supervisory system without using an integrated financial supervisory model commonly referred to as international standards.
 In addition, the UK emphasizes future-oriented principles through reflection and evaluation of financial supervision. For example, implements incubator and accelerator development policies to support financial tech companies, and unregulated space policies to produce innovative new financial products in the market. As a result, it has grown into a center of fintech startups, and in 2013, the growth rate of financial technology investment in the UK and Ireland exceeded 600%, showing a steep rise.
 Various policies based on the UK's dualized supervisory system as above have many implications for Korean finance. First, the UK's central bank-centered soundness regulation system can be a solution to secure the independence of current Korean regulatory agencies. Second, if work is divided between soundness regulators and corporate behavior regulators, the part of policy responsibility can be improved. Third, unregulated space can be a solution for growth and financial stability in the Korean fintech sector. Finally, innovative financial reforms led by the government can help Korea's rapid and effective financial stability.
 Unlike the UK, Korea implements an integrated supervisory system, but by analyzing the above UK cases, it is likely to be an alternative to solve the problems of financial regulations in Korea's current situation.

Proposal of a System to Identify Failures and Evaluate the Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines of Thermal Power Plants

Thermoelectric plants are one of the main forms of energy generation in the world, being the second main source of generation in Brazil. However, with rising fuel costs and greater concern for the environment, controlling the efficiency levels of these plants has become critical. This work presents a system to identify failures and evaluate the efficiency of internal combustion engines used in thermal power plants. To assess efficiency, the developed system monitors subsystem losses (such as cooling, lubrication, turbocharger, etc.). In addition, sensors for cylinder pressure and instantaneous speed were installed and comprise an online monitoring system for the pressure condition of each cylinder of the engines. All this is combined into a supervisory system that presents the Sankey diagram of the engine as its main information online and remotely. To validate the system, experiments were carried out in a controlled configuration (where faults were purposely inserted) and in a Brazilian thermal power plant. The results show that by using in-cylinder pressure and the WOIS database, it was possible to detect the presence of a fault as well as pinpoint its location.

CONSTRUCTIVE ETHICS OF JUDGES IN INDONESIA; PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIC STRENGTHENING

The existence of judges has been positioned as a fundamental and influential instrument for law enforcement in Indonesia. The role of judges in examining, adjudicating and even deciding cases actually relies on ethics and morality which have been fully outlined by the Law and other derivative regulations. This study aims to unravel the ethical ideals of judges from a juridical perspective, the reality of ethical problems of judges and strategies to strengthen judges in Indonesia. This type of research uses library research or library research through a review of relevant library materials. The results of the study show that the scope of judge ethics includes personality ethics, ethics in carrying out their duties, ethics for colleagues or fellow judges and ethics towards society or seekers of justice which as a whole are intended as a means of progress and personality formation, as a means of social control, and as a guarantee increase in the morality of judges. Despite the fact, the ethics and morality of judges are faced with problems stemming from the weaknesses in the personality of judges internally and the tension and ineffectiveness of the supervisory system externally. Therefore, the realization of a strong oversight policy by involving the Supreme Court as internal oversight and the Judicial Commission as external oversight is a strategic answer to overcoming the decline in the integrity and morality of judges, and is supported by constructive efforts such as strengthening the essential performance of the Honorary Panel of Judges in examining and deciding alleged violations of the code of ethics, stimulated the performance of the liaison team and judge supervisory assistants, strengthened strict sanctions in line with reward and punishment policies and built responsive legal values and culture.

Fuzzy Control of Pressure in a Water Supply Network Based on Neural Network System Modeling and IoT Measurements

As hydroenergetic losses are inherent to water supply systems, they are a frequent issue which water utilities deal with every day. The control of network pressure is essential to reducing these losses, providing a quality supply to consumers, saving electricity and preserving piping from excess pressure. However, to obtain these benefits, it is necessary to overcome some difficulties such as sensing the pressure of geographically distant consumer units and developing a control logic that is capable of making use of the data from these sensors and, at the same time, a good solution in terms of cost benefit. Therefore, this work has the purpose of developing a pressure monitoring and control system for water supply networks, using the ESP8266 microcontroller to collect data from pressure sensors for the integrated ScadaLTS supervisory system via the REST API. The modeling of the plant was developed using artificial neural networks together with fuzzy pressure control, both designed using the Python language. The proposed method was tested by considering a pumping station and two reference units located in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, in which there was an excess of pressure in the supply network and low performance from the old controls, during the night period from 12:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m. The field results estimated 2.9% energy saving in relation to the previous form of control and a guarantee that the pressure in the network was at a healthy level.

Development of a Supervisory System Using Open-Source for a Power Micro-Grid Composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) Plant Connected to a Battery Energy Storage System and Loads

The importance of renewable energies and energy storage system forming a micro-grid and integrating it to the electrical grid is widely spread. A supervisory system plays a crucial role in controlling, managing, and planning the micro-grid. This paper demonstrates the development of a new custom supervisory system based on Internet of Things (IoT), creating an information sharing environment. The proposed supervisory system is based on open-source tools for a micro-grid, composed of a photovoltaic power plant and a storage system, employing smart devices and making non-smart devices compatible with IoT systems. The new supervisory improves the available system by incorporating new features and devices and increasing the data polling rate when necessary. A comparison between the current supervisory system and the proposed one is performed, showing that the new system is more flexible, easily modified, cost-effective, and more fault-resilient.

Autonomous Cooperative Guidance Strategies for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles During On-Board Emergency

This paper presents autonomous guidance strategies for both solo and group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to be used when emergency conditions are encountered during mission. Fixed-wing UAVs equipped with batteries that serve as on-board power source are considered. They are also equipped with inertial and supervisory satellite-based navigation system. An emergency condition where limited available on-board power along with nonavailability of both ground command link and satellite-based navigation information is considered. We proposed two guidance strategies, look-lock-land and inject-contribute-exit for single- and multiple-UAV missions. An optimization model is developed to arrive at the maximum area that can be covered by spiral trajectory without violating on-board power constraints. In addition, we also proved that spiral trajectory acts like a circular highway for multiple-UAV missions. Algorithms to achieve look-lock-land, inject-contribute-exit and to compute Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) error correction factor are discussed. The performance of the proposed autonomous emergency guidance strategies is demonstrated on a sea-based oil-well-monitoring mission.

Advances in Artificial Intelligence Methods Applications in Industrial Control Systems: Towards Cognitive Self-Optimizing Manufacturing Systems

Industrial control systems play a central role in today’s manufacturing systems. Ongoing trends towards more flexibility and sustainability, while maintaining and improving production capacities and productivity, increase the complexity of production systems drastically. To cope with these challenges, advanced control algorithms and further developments are required. In recent years, developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods have gained significantly attention and relevance in research and the industry for future industrial control systems. AI-based approaches are increasingly explored at various industrial control systems levels ranging from single automation devices to the real-time control of complex machines, production processes and overall factories supervision and optimization. Thereby, AI solutions are exploited with reference to different industrial control applications from sensor fusion methods to novel model predictive control techniques, from self-optimizing machines to collaborative robots, from factory adaptive automation systems to production supervisory control systems. The aim of the present perspective paper is to provide an overview of novel applications of AI methods to industrial control systems on different levels, so as to improve the production systems’ self-learning capacities, their overall performance, the related process and product quality, the optimal use of resources and the industrial systems safety, and resilience to varying boundary conditions and production requests. Finally, major open challenges and future perspectives are addressed.