Supervision Of Operation Research Articles

Multi-agent cooperative evolution simulation analysis of PPP project operation supervision in mine wasteland management

Multi-agent cooperative evolution simulation analysis of PPP project operation supervision in mine wasteland management

Unmanned Agricultural Machine Operation System in Farmland Based on Improved Fuzzy Adaptive Priority-Driven Control Algorithm

Autonomous driving technology for agricultural machinery can maximise crop yield, reduce labour costs, and alleviate labour intensity. In response to the current low degree of automation and low tracking accuracy of driving paths in agricultural equipment, this research proposes an unmanned agricultural machinery operating system based on an improved fuzzy adaptive PD control algorithm. Firstly, mechanical kinematic models and fuzzy adaptive control algorithms are introduced to achieve autonomous driving, and parameter settings and speed adjustments are made while considering errors. Secondly, in the autonomous driving operation system, taking a certain rice machine as an example, perception information, trajectory design, dynamic control, operation supervision, and remote control design are carried out. The experimental results show that the improved fuzzy algorithm exhibits smaller deviation results in driving path tracking, with an average error between the actual path and the expected path of less than 0.001 m. In different testing scenarios, compared with the actual control results, the maximum deviation of the control system platform in straight sections is less than 2.8 m, which is more stable. More than 95% of the lateral deviation results in the road sections are within 0.11 m. And the tracking distance error of the proposed method in the straight and curved segments is relatively small, far smaller than other comparative algorithms. The unmanned agricultural machinery operation system proposed in this study can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of agricultural machinery work, promote the development of intelligent and modern agricultural machinery, and provide reference value and important contributions to social and economic development as well as the progress and promotion of related technologies.

The Flexibility of Company Law: The Lessons of the Hungarian Law Reform

Until 2013, the substantive rules of Hungarian company law were regulated by various company acts. When Hungary adopted a new Civil Code in 2013, it included, for the first time in Hungarian legal history, the substantive rules of company law. One of the most controversial novelties of the new company law rules was the provision that gave unprecedented freedom to company members to deviate from the company law rules of the Civil Code, as long as the Civil Code does not expressly prohibit the deviation or it does not manifestly prejudice to the rights of creditors, employees or a minority of the members of the legal person or hider the supervision of the lawful operation of the legal person. This article analyses this provision from a comparative perspective. The analysis compares the English, American, German and Hungarian solutions and finds that there are significant differences regarding the right of the parties to determine the company’s articles of association. Building on the findings of this comparison, the article argues that a more enabling regulatory approach could facilitate the pursuit of interests beyond the narrow interests of company members, using the example of corporate purpose and employee participation.

Spatial information extraction of fishing grounds for light purse seine vessels in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on AIS data

Ecological fishery management requires high-precision fishery information to support resource management and marine spatial planning. In this paper, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) was adopted to extract the spatial information on the fishing grounds of light purse seine vessels in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The spatial distributions of fishing grounds mapped by the data mining, kernel density analysis and hotspot analysis methods were compared. The spatial similarity index was applied to determine the spatial consistency between the computed spatial information and fisheries resource information. Finally, the spatial information derived by the best method was used to investigate the characteristics of fishing activity. The results showed that: the speed of light purse seine vessels related to operations was lower than 1.6 knots. The spatial information extracted by the three methods was consistent with the catch data distribution, and the spatial similarity between the fishing effort and catch data was the highest. The spatial variation in fishing activity was similar to that in the chub mackerel migration route. AIS data could be used to provide high-resolution fishery information. Light purse seine fishing vessels typically operate and travel along the exclusive economic zone boundary, and increased attention must be given to fishing vessel operation supervision. A comprehensive supervision system can be employed to monitor the operations of fishing vessels more effectively. The results of this study can provide technical support for the management of fishing activities and conservation of marine resources in this region using AIS data.

Challenges and countermeasures in planning, building, and managing electric vehicle charging piles

The widespread adoption of new energy vehicles, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), has created a significant demand for charging infrastructure globally. China, a key player in the EV market, has made substantial advancements in charging pile technology and infrastructure development. However, several critical challenges threaten the sustainability and efficiency of the EV charging ecosystem. This paper identifies and analyzes these challenges, including insufficient planning and construction of charging piles, increased demand for electric energy affecting power grids, high construction costs of fast-charging infrastructure, regional disparities in investment returns, and operational management issues. Moreover, it explores potential strategies to address these challenges. Proposed strategies include optimized planning for charging pile construction, the creation of integrated vehicle-charging-pile platforms, the development of distributed energy systems using blockchain technology, promoting recycling and reutilization of waste charging infrastructure, continuous financial subsidies, and enhanced follow-up operation supervision. Addressing these challenges through comprehensive strategies is essential for China and other nations to establish robust and sustainable EV charging infrastructure, ensuring it meets the growing demand for new energy vehicles in the years ahead. This effort will contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future for the transportation sector.

A New Early Warning Method of Train Tracking Interval Based on CTC

For railway operations worldwide, train rear-end collision accidents occasionally occur, resulting in heavy casualties and property loss. To avoid the occurrence of such incidents, a novel early warning method of train tracking interval based on centralized traffic control (CTC), or simply CTC interval prewarning, is proposed. When combined with the existing automatic train protection (ATP), the monitoring of train tracking interval is doubled. The proposed method calculates the minimum safety interval in real time and compares it with the actual spatial distance. When the actual spatial distance is less than the minimum safety interval, particularly when the ATP is at fault, the proposed method is capable of raising the alert and taking control measures to effectively avoid rear-end collision accidents. At the same time, this method displaces the manual supervision of train operation, thereby relieving labor intensity, and improves the effectiveness of supervision. This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the proposed CTC interval prewarning method and explains the basic architecture of the system, data acquisition, tracking interval calculation, prewarning rules, and implementation. The CTC tracking interval calculation model has been established, and the table of warning distance of the different train speeds has been calculated. The reliability model of the train control system (TCS) has been established based on the CTC interval prewarning method, which is used to analyze the reliability and safety of the TCS.

Analysis of Unlicensed Operation Supervision from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

Analysis of Unlicensed Operation Supervision from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

Marketing of agricultural products in the Law for the Protection and Development of Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, and its Evaluation in Islamic Jurisprudence

Marketing of agricultural products is the main factor for the continuity of dealing in the production of any crop or not, and it has an important role in encouraging farmers and urging them to improve the quality of their production; Which leads to an increase in demand, and then activates this cycle of the economic cycle.
 Muslim jurists, in the past and in recent times, talked about rules relating to the market, marketing operations, its organization and control, and the supervision of all economic operations in it.
 On the other hand, the parliament in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq spoke about the process of marketing agricultural products through some articles in the law on agricultural development issued in “2008 AD” No. “4”, under the title “Law for the Protection and Development of Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region – Iraq”.
 This research evaluates the legal articles relating to marketing of agricultural products contained in the Law "Protecting and Developing Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq" in the light of Islamic jurisprudence; This is in terms of the extent to which those articles agree with Islamic jurisprudence.
 The first topic is devoted to the concept of agricultural marketing, its elements, and objectives.
 In the second topic, light was shed on the texts related to the marketing of agricultural products contained in the Law “Protecting and Developing Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq”, then the research showed the most important criteria for agricultural marketing in Islamic jurisprudence, and then compared and evaluated the legal texts contained in the said law in Islamic jurisprudence.
 At the end of the research, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including: that what was stated in the law on “Protection and Development of Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq” about marketing agricultural products is a good thing; However, it is not sufficient on the subject, as compared to Islamic jurisprudence, it shows that what is stated in it is much less than what was stated in Islamic jurisprudence on this subject.

Rank-Dependent Expected Utility Game Analysis of Public-Private Partnership Project Operation Supervision Considering the Influence of Emotion

Public-private partnership (PPP) projects have been widely adopted in infrastructure construction. Owing to the professional operation capabilities of private investors, PPP also serves as an efficient tool to optimize the operational efficiency of infrastructures while alleviating the government's financial pressure on the infrastructure provisions. Since the returns-chasing nature of private investors and information asymmetry lead to speculation, therefore government's operation supervision is critical for PPP projects. Meanwhile, the irrational and inevitable emotions of the government and investors exert a significant influence on their operation and supervision behaviors. Based on the influence of emotion on the decision-making behaviors of investors and government, an evolutionary game model of PPP operation supervision is developed from the perspective of rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) theory. Further, the effect of emotional factors on the choice of investors and government strategies are analyzed in the context of Nash equilibrium solutions under different emotional states; thereby, putting forward different suggestions for restraining the speculation of private investors. The study results indicate that the positive supervision strategy of severe punishment plays an imperative role in restraining investors' speculation, whereas emotional factors exhibit a significant influence on the game equilibrium strategy related to the PPP project's operation supervision. On the one hand, the probability of government authorities choosing an active supervision strategy becomes higher due to the increase in the emotion index; on the other hand, the probability of investors choosing active operation becomes higher due to the decrease in the emotion index. Thus, the government can reduce investors' speculation through strict supervision and increasing the optimistic perception of investors.

Cloud-edge Collaboration Based Methods in Improving the Safety Inspection Efficiency on Electric Operation Scenes

The safety in electric operation scenes directly influences social economic development and stability. Safety supervision and inspection is one of the most important links in the electricity generation process. The previous mode of executing supervision and inspection in advance and analyzing and reporting afterwards cannot satisfy the requirements of the modern management system, which requests beforehand prevention, in-process control, post review, and analysis. The supervision and inspection efficiency is low. Therefore, this paper proposed three innovative methods to increase the supervision and inspection efficiency of the electric operation. First, we proposed an operation demonstration method on electric equipment that integrates with Augmented Reality (AR). It can greatly increase the operating accuracy and decrease the probability of accidents. Then, a smart, mobile, and cloud-edge collaborated method is proposed, aiming at increasing the availability and effectiveness of safety supervision and inspection. Last, we adopted technical means of integrative recognition to increase the efficiency of obtaining evidence on inspection.

Financial and legal status of public law legal entities

The purpose of the article is to establish the financial and legal status of legal entities under public law as subjects of administrative law.
 The article is devoted to the study of the concept and essence of «legal entity under public law». The authors analyze different approaches to the definition of this term, including its relation to the concept of «public legal entity». They point to the need to establish clear criteria for distinguishing legal entities under public and private law.
 The article also examines the relationship between legal entities under public law and public law entities, revealing their specific legal capacity and legal capacity. The authors emphasize the special procedure for the creation, reorganization and liquidation of legal entities under public law, which is based on administrative acts of state authorities or territorial communities . The article also discusses the debatable issue regarding the criterion for distinguishing legal entities of public and private law and its exclusivity.
 The article examines in detail the peculiarities of legal entities under public law, including their creation, reorganization, liquidation, as well as their financial and legal status. The authors analyze the official explanations of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, which provide a detailed description of the characteristics of legal entities under public law. They also consider the issue of ownership and use of property by legal entities under public law. The article helps to better understand the differences between legal entities under public and private law.
 The article examines the financial and legal status of legal entities under public law, in particular, their main sources of financing, rights and obligations regarding property and financial management. The authors emphasize the importance of state control and supervision of financial operations of such legal entities, as well as their obligation to ensure transparency and openness of their financial activities. The article makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the financial and legal status of legal entities under public law.

Regulation in the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Deposit Insurance Systems

Problems in the bank's operations, regardless of its size, are reflected in the overall financial system in which losses can occur, unless the state does not prevent the disruptive influence of the problematic bank at the level of the overall banking sector in a timely manner. One of the ways to prevent possible problems in the financial system of a state is to conduct supervision of the bank's operations. A safe and transparent banking system affects the increase of savers who decide to invest their capital in banks. Monitoring of bank's operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina is not carried out only by supervisory and regulatory bodies. Banks are obliged, according to Basel II, to publish general information about the adequacy of capital and its structure, about exposure to risks such as market, card, operational, interest rate risk. Within the banking sector it is possible to identify some of the sources of their weaknesses, such as: inadequate bank management structure, the presence of implicit or explicit forms of government guaranteeing deposits, lack of information on the financial position and status of the bank due to the application of inadequate accounting standards.

Tomato Maturity Detection and Counting Model Based on MHSA-YOLOv8.

The online automated maturity grading and counting of tomato fruits has a certain promoting effect on digital supervision of fruit growth status and unmanned precision operations during the planting process. The traditional grading and counting of tomato fruit maturity is mostly done manually, which is time-consuming and laborious work, and its precision depends on the accuracy of human eye observation. The combination of artificial intelligence and machine vision has to some extent solved this problem. In this work, firstly, a digital camera is used to obtain tomato fruit image datasets, taking into account factors such as occlusion and external light interference. Secondly, based on the tomato maturity grading task requirements, the MHSA attention mechanism is adopted to improve YOLOv8's backbone to enhance the network's ability to extract diverse features. The Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mAP50 of the tomato fruit maturity grading model constructed based on MHSA-YOLOv8 were 0.806, 0.807, 0.806, and 0.864, respectively, which improved the performance of the model with a slight increase in model size. Finally, thanks to the excellent performance of MHSA-YOLOv8, the Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mAP50 of the constructed counting models were 0.990, 0.960, 0.975, and 0.916, respectively. The tomato maturity grading and counting model constructed in this study is not only suitable for online detection but also for offline detection, which greatly helps to improve the harvesting and grading efficiency of tomato growers. The main innovations of this study are summarized as follows: (1) a tomato maturity grading and counting dataset collected from actual production scenarios was constructed; (2) considering the complexity of the environment, this study proposes a new object detection method, MHSA-YOLOv8, and constructs tomato maturity grading models and counting models, respectively; (3) the models constructed in this study are not only suitable for online grading and counting but also for offline grading and counting.

THE SUPERVISION OF VEHICLE OPERATION MOTORCYCLE RICKSHAWS (BENTOR) IN GORONTALO CITY

This study aims to find out the performance of vehicle operation supervision, in this case motorized rickshaws as transportation in the province of Gorontalo. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using observation and literature review through data from the Department of Transportation. The results of this study indicate that the supervision from the aspect of human resources or field officers is inadequate. The average education of field officers was still high school graduates and had not attended any trainings that supported organizational tasks, therefore there were no officers who were devoted to supervising bentor in operation. So that this has the effect of being less effective in supervising the operating areas. In order to optimize supervision, it is necessary to have sanctions so that people who break the law or commit fraud can find out their mistakes and not repeat them and be disciplined if they comply with the rules.

Performance analysis of decentralized sewage solutions for multifamily residential condominiums in Aracaju

The adoption of decentralized sewage treatment systems appears as an alternative for regions lacking sanitary infrastructure. Regarding Brazilian municipalities, they presented, in 2020, a sewage collection service rate for the urban population equal to 63.2%. Also, according to data from the National Sanitation Information System, in the municipality of Aracaju, capital of the state of Sergipe, the rate of collection of generated sewage is only 53.5%. Due this reality, investment in individual effluent treatment systems becomes a valuable alternative for areas that lack of sanitary infrastructure. In this work, the performance of domestic sewage treatment systems, used as individual treatment solutions in two multifamily condominiums in the capital of Sergipe, was evaluated. Physical-chemical monitoring of the individual sewage treatment systems was carried out, and the results indicated negative efficiencies in most of the analyzed parameters. As for the requirements of the current environmental legislation for the release of effluents, there was non-compliance with the legislation in almost all the time of observation. The lack of systems operation supervision by public agencies leads to failures that cause degradation of groundwater and surface water. Moreover, there is a lack of commitment to inspections and maintenance of the systems by those responsible for the condominiums. According to the types of solutions adopted, treated sewage with higher quality should be achieved and, thus, effluents with high loads of pollutants would not be released into water bodies.

Viable System Model as A Framework for Value Co-Creation Service System Analysis of Technology-based Business Incubator

Bandung Techno Park (BTP) at Telkom University has a crucial role in the technology-based business incubation scheme. From the recruitment process, learning goals, venture capital, commercialization with all impacted to start-ups accomplishment. These observations resulted by using qualitative research methods for one year. Referring to the concept of service systems, it was founded that business incubators in higher education can produce the holistic service system diagnostics to develop the external collaboration between university and industry. These findings are successfully set out by used the Viable System Model (VSM) from service system science approach which is divided into five main functions: (1) Operationalization, (2) Coordination, (3) Monitoring and Control, (4) Intelligence, (5) Policy. The important collaboration of the integrated service system at BTP is framed in a structured concept. Incubator operation supervision focuses on service systems that play a role in four types of management, namely: business innovation and incubation, tenant service and support, marketing, and technology solutions. The findings of the analysis with VSM relate to the role of technology-based business incubators in creating value co-creation from a service science point of view.
 Keywords— Value Co-creation; New Technology-based Firms; Business Incubators; University-industry Collaboration

An Operation Scheme Generation Method for Nuclear Power Plant Operation under the Condition of No Operating Procedures Guided

Large-scale, complex, and high-risk industrial systems such as nuclear power plants have developed detailed operating procedures. Under the expected conditions, the operators operate the system according to the operating procedures to avoid human error. However, under complex and unfamiliar conditions, once the guidance of operating procedures is lost, serious consequences may be caused. This paper proposes a No-Procedure guided Operation Supervision Technology (NoP-OST). The key idea is to identify the success paths by a forward-searching approach from source to sink functions. On this basis, the success paths are combined to generate various operation schemes to achieve the main objectives of the system. The paper illustrates the application of NoP-OST through the case of loss of the Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper can provide a valuable operational reference for complex systems by making use of the available functions of the system.

Problem Analysis and Improvement Plan for Compulsory Insurance System in Preparation for Social Disaster

This study aims to improve the disaster insurance system by examining issues related to compulsory insurance against social disasters, legal problems, and operational cases in major overseas countries. Korea operates about 30 types of disaster insurance, but there is a lack of prior reviews when introducing disaster insurance, so disaster insurance is continuously expanded. In addition, compared to major overseas countries, the insurance contract method is uniform and the management and supervision of insurance are insufficient. Therefore, when disaster insurance is introduced, it is necessary to accompany a professional review to determine if it is sufficiently helpful to the public interest, and it is essential to strengthen the management and supervision of insurance operations. In addition, to alleviate resistance to insurance purchases without infringing on individual freedom of contract, various insurance subscription methods should be devised, and it is necessary to strengthen liability for social disasters and to encourage the purchase of disaster insurance policy.

A System of Improving Energy and Ecological Efficiency, Using the Example of Fuel Oil Combustion in Power Plant Boilers

Most climatic changes are not just the result of human activity, but also of business models that harm the environment. An attempt to attain an ecological balance is an answer to the challenge posed by this situation. The combustion of liquid fuels results in the atmospheric emissions of pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide and hydrocarbons. To reduce emissions of these pollutants and at the same time attain an ecological balance, specific modifiers are applied. This paper presents an analysis of the energy efficiency and ecological efficiency of fuel oil combustion in power plant boilers based on the results of tests carried out by the present authors, in which a Fe/Mg/Ce modifier was used. The tests were carried out for system capacities ranging from 1 to 5 MW. It was found that savings on fuel, which resulted from the implementation of a system for the control and supervision of power plant operation, were in the range of 4 to 6%, and those resulting from the use of the combustion modifier were from 2 to 4%. Moreover, it was found that the system designed to improve efficiency also provided the extra result of reducing CO2 emission and equivalent emission (SO2, NO2, and particulate matter).

Factors Affecting Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ Unsafe Behaviors and Influence Mechanism Based on Social Network Theory

With the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), flight safety issues have gradually become prominent. To improve the safety level of UAV flight, a conceptual model was constructed through groups of unsafe behaviors of UAV flight based on the Swiss cheese model (reason model). The relationship network model of unsafe behaviors of UAV flight was built after using the two-mode and one-mode social network analysis, and the unsafe behaviors of UAV flight influence mechanism were studied by basic characteristics of network analysis, centrality analysis, core-periphery structure analysis, in/out-degree analysis, and structural hole analysis. The results showed that the two-mode network is closely related: unreasonable safety management structure of the organization and weak supervision of UAV flight operation were those unsafe behaviors of UAV supervision that had great influence. The unsafe behaviors of UAV supervision, such as the organization’s illegal deployment of unqualified personnel for tasks and lack of ground commander for the mission plan, were in the core position of the network. The proposed model can effectively reduce the unsafe behaviors of UAV operations by eliminating critical unsafe behaviors of UAV supervision in the network and reducing UAV flight accidents.