Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles as a potential regulator of callus growth, plant physiology, antioxidative and microbial contamination in Oryza sativa L.

In tissue culture, efficient nutrient availability and effective control of callus contamination are crucial for successful plantlet regeneration. This study was aimed to enhance callogenesis, callus regeneration, control callus contamination, and substitute iron (Fe) source with FeO-NPs in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nanogreen iron oxide (FeO-NPs) were synthesized and well characterized with sizes ranging from 2 to 7.5 nm. FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppm, significantly controlled callus contamination by (80%). Results indicated that FeCl3-based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%), in contrast FeSO4-based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%). Modified media with FeO-NPs as the Fe source induced fast callogenesis and regeneration compared to normal MS media. FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%. Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively. Additionally, APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%, while in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%, respectively. Finally, FeO-NPs effectively substituted Fe source in MS media, shorten the plant life cycle, and increase chlorophyll content as well as APX, SOD, POD, and CAT activities. This protocol is applicable for tissue culture in other cereal crops as well.

A Novel Superparamagnetic-Responsive Hydrogel Facilitates Disc Regeneration by Orchestrating Cell Recruitment, Proliferation, and Differentiation within Hostile Inflammatory Niche.

In situ disc regeneration is a meticulously orchestrated process, which involves cell recruitment, proliferation and differentiation within a local inflammatory niche. Thus far, it remains a challenge to establish a multi-staged regulatory framework for coordinating these cellular events, therefore leading to unsatisfactory outcome. This study constructs a super paramagnetically-responsive cellular gel, incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and aptamer-modified palladium-hydrogen nanozymes (PdH-Apt) into a double-network polyacrylamide/hyaluronic acid (PAAm/HA) hydrogel. The Aptamer DB67 within magnetic hydrogel (Mag-gel) showed a high affinity for disialoganglioside (GD2), a specific membrane ligand of nucleus pulposus stem cells (NPSCs), to precisely recruit them to the injury site. The Mag-gel exhibits remarkable sensitivity to a magnetic field (MF), which exerts tunable micro/nano-scale forces on recruited NPSCs and triggers cytoskeletal remodeling, consequently boosting cell expansion in the early stage. By altering the parameters of MF, the mechanical cues within the hydrogel facilitates differentiation of NPSCs into nucleus pulposus cells to restore disc structure in the later stage. Furthermore, the PdH nanozymes within the Mag-gel mitigate the harsh inflammatory microenvironment, favoring cell survival and disc regeneration. This study presents a remote and multi-staged strategy for chronologically regulating endogenous stem cell fate, supporting disc regeneration without invasive procedures.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Chenopodium quinoa Extract.

In this study, we achieved the biosynthesis of novel 7-8 nm iron-oxide nanoparticles in the presence of different concentrations (5 to 50% w/v) of commercial white quinoa extract. Initially, quinoa extract was prepared at various concentrations by a purification route. The biosynthesis optimization was systematically monitored by X-ray diffraction, and the Rietveld quantitative analysis showed the presence of goethite (5 to 10 wt.%) and maghemite phases. The first phase disappeared upon increasing the organic loading (40 and 50% w/v). The organic loading was corroborated by thermogravimetric measurements, and it increased with quinoa extract concentration. Its use reduces the amount of precipitation agent at high quinoa extract concentrations with the formation of magnetic nanoparticles with hard ferrimagnetic character (42 and 11 emu g-1). The enrichment of hydroxyl groups and the negative zeta potential above pH = 7 were corroborated by a reduction in the point of zero charge in all the samples. For alkaline values, the zeta potential values were above the stability range, indicating highly stable chemical species. The evidence of hydroxyl and amide functionalization was qualitatively observed using infrared analysis, which showed that the carboxyl (quercetin/kaempferol), amide I, and amide III chemical groups are retained after biosynthesis. The resultant biosynthesized samples can find applications in environmental remediation due to the affinity of the chemical agents present on the particle surfaces and easy-to-handle them magnetically.

8543 Non-Specific Uptake Of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Into Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells, Endothelium And Primary Monocytes

Abstract Disclosure: R. Challapalli: None. A. Sorushanova: None. C. Hong: None. N.J. Mullen: None. S. Feely: None. O. Covarrubias-Zambrano: None. J. Covarrubias: None. S. Varghese: None. C. Hantel: None. P. Owens: None. M. O’Halloran: None. P. Prakash: None. S.H. Bossmann: None. M.C. Dennedy: None. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and a survival rate of up to 24 months, requires varied treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. The high recurrence rate emphasizes the need for innovative therapies. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for cancer treatment due to their versatility in size and shape and the ability to modify their surface for targeted cellular uptake. In our initial investigation, we assessed the uptake of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) by ACC (H295R, HAC15, and MUC1) cells, HUVECs and primary monocytes, incubated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg/ml of IONP for 24 hours. The results demonstrated concentration and time-dependent nanoparticle uptake and its impact on cellular viability. The optimal concentration of IONP was identified as 10 µg/ml, subsequently used to evaluate the rate of uptake and intracellular location. The efficiency of IONP uptake by ACC cells decreased when exposed to primary monocytes and an HUVEC layer, as demonstrated through a Transwell migration system. This study revealed insights into the non-specific uptake of IONP by ACC, primarily attributed to the mechanism of macropinocytosis. These preliminary findings lay the groundwork for exploring potential modifications to enhance specific uptake by ACC cells, particularly for applications like magnet-induced thermal ablation or nanobiocontrast. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Iron oxide nanoparticles as potential agents for combined radiotherapy

Background. Iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) represent a promising theranostic platform for combined radiotherapy: the reactivity of iron oxide enhances oxidative stress of tumor cells associated with irradiation while magnetic properties may provide additional feature as controlled delivery.Aim. To study the potency of heparinized iron oxide NP in experimental antitumor therapy.Materials and methods. The synthesis of iron oxide NP was carried out by chemical precipitation followed by magnetic separation, the resulting sol was stabilized with heparin. For each batch of newly synthesized particles, the hydrodynamic diameter was determined, IR spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The MX-7 tumor model of rhabdomyosarcoma chosen for the study was transplanted into female C3HA mice; NP were administered intratumorally or intravenously, once a day, according to the “5–2–5” scheme. Fractional irradiation (1–2 Gy / fraction; 1.3±0.15 Gy / min) was carried out after NP administration.Increasing life expectancy (ILE), the degree of tumor growth inhibition (TGI), a pathomorphological assessment of the lung, liver, spleen and tumor node was carried out for all experimental mice.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that when administered intratumorally, heparinized iron oxide NP are retained inside the tumor, providing a moderate additive effect, compared with isolated radiotherapy in the first week of irradiation (TGI = 40 % (day 6), TFD = 10 Gy, p <0.05), however, with an increase in tumor volume by the end of the second week, the treatment regimen was not more effective than radiotherapy. with a combination of radiotherapy and intravenous administration of NP, the effect was observed within two weeks (TGI = 43 % (day 6), TGI = 29 % (day 14), TFD = 10 Gy; p <0.05; ILE = 54 %, TFD = 20Gy; p <0.05).Conclusion. The studied iron oxide nanopreparation enhanced capacity of radiation therapy to inhibit tumor growth when administered intravenouslyin experimental mice with rhabdomyosarcoma and irradiated subsequently.

Using Hybrid Nanoplatforms to Combine Traditional Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery with RNA-Based Therapeutics for Macrophage Reprograming.

There is growing evidence on the significant role of prolonged inflammation in triggering and progressing of numerous diseases with substantial health and socioeconomic impacts, such as musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapies that can overcome the main challenges of currently used approaches, such as non-target action, partial modulation of the complex inflammatory pathways, and short-term effects, to effectively manage and resolve chronic inflammatory states. This work investigates the therapeutic synergy of clinically relevant anti-inflammatory agents approaching naïve and classically activated macrophages owing to their central role in inflammation. Aiming at human therapies, a dual-loading nanoplatform reunites molecules with different physico-chemical properties in a single system, seeking to more effectively and comprehensively regulate macrophage functions for precision cell guidance and greater versatility in disease managing. To build this platform, palmitic acid grafted chitosan, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the clinically approved NSAID celecoxib (also known as Celebrex®), and RNA technologies were combined into superparamagnetic polymeric micelles (SPMs). Our findings demonstrated that traditional anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib and microRNA molecules were efficiently delivered by the SPMs, altering the inflammatory profile of naïve (M0φ) and M1-primed macrophages (M1φ) assessed by gene and protein expression. The impact of the dual-loaded SPMs in naïve Mφ is an interesting finding towards the modulation of the initial immune response, reducing the potential for chronic inflammation and promoting tissue healing. Collectively, these encouraging results demonstrate the promise of multi-nanomedicine strategies to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic interventions by offering a fresh approach to more precisely and carefully regulated nanotherapeutics delivery.

Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate conjugated to surface-modified Iron oxide nanoparticles as a magnetic targeting platform for photodynamic therapy of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice

BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment option for cancers that are non-responding to ordinary anticancer therapies. It involves activating a photosensitizer with a light source of a specific wavelength to destroy targeted cells and their surrounding vasculature. Aluminum phthalocyanine tetra sulfonate (AlPcS4) has gained attention as a second-generation photosensitizer for its strong absorption in the red-light region. AlPcS4 can be conjugated to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) to provide targeted drug delivery to the tumor cells while reducing its undesired effect on healthy tissues in other body parts. MethodsMagnetic glutamine functionalized iron oxide nanocomposites loaded with AlPcS4 (IONs-NH2-AlPcS4) were synthesized via the co-precipitation method. The conjugate (IONs-NH2-AlPcS4) was characterized by TEM, Zeta potential, DLS, FTIR, and UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, its photodynamic activity was investigated using albino mice with induced Ehrlich solid tumors. ResultsAlPcS4 was successfully conjugated to IONs-NH2 with a high loading efficiency of 54±2%. The synthesized conjugate exhibited a spherical shape, with 7 ± 2 nm particle size. The In vivo experiment revealed that the albino mice with induced Ehrlich solid tumor that were treated by combined PDT and magnetic targeting conjugate exhibited significant tumor regression and notably higher levels of necrotic tissue compared to the animals in other groups. ConclusionPDT mediated by magnetic targeting significantly inhibited tumor growth with minimal adverse effects, indicating its great potential as a promising strategy for solid cancer treatment.

Evaluating the impact of biogenic nanoparticles and pesticide application in controlling cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

BackgroundCotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) is one of the major concerns for cotton growers. The traditional approach to managing CLCuD involves the control of the vector (whitefly) population through the use of pesticides. This study compares the efficacy of zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper and silver nanoparticles with conventional pesticides. Nanoparticles dose was optimized by evaluating their phytotoxic threshold in our previous study. In this study, optimized doses of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (100 ppm), iron oxide (50 ppm), copper (50 ppm) and silver nanoparticles (25 ppm) were applied in a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD). Morphological parameters (height of stem, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, staple length, boll weight and number of bolls), yield parameters (seed cotton yield and ginning outturn), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll), biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage) and disease parameters (reduction infection, disease severity and disease incidence) were determined in this study.ResultsThe incidence of cotton leaf curl virus was confirmed by triple antibody sandwich–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA). The pesticide Imidacloprid significantly reduced the infection by 79.3%. However, in comparison to pesticide, application of nanoparticles also reduced the infection. ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%. Moreover, these nanoparticles also improved the plant growth parameters as compared to control treatment. ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively. FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough treatment pesticide showed the least disease incidence compared to nanoparticles, nanoparticles are eco-friendly and safe as compared to pesticides. Farmers can apply these nanoparticles at their optimal thresholds through foliar application as an alternative to traditional pesticides. It is concluded that nanocomposites and hybrid modes may be used for managing CLCuD efficiently in the future.Graphical abstract

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biopolymer Fibers: Fabrication Techniques and Characterization Methods.

Hybrid nanocomposites combining biopolymer fibers incorporated with nanoparticles (NPs) have received increasing attention due to their remarkable characteristics. Inorganic NPs are typically chosen for their properties, such as magnetism and thermal or electrical conductivity, for example. Meanwhile, the biopolymer fiber component is a backbone, and could act as a support structure for the NPs. This shift towards biopolymers over traditional synthetic polymers is motivated by their sustainability, compatibility with biological systems, non-toxic nature, and natural decomposition. This study employed the solution blow spinning (SBS) method to obtain a nanocomposite comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVA, and gelatin biodegradable polymer fibers incorporated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid), PAA2k, coded as γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. The fiber production process entailed a preliminary investigation to determine suitable solvents, polymer concentrations, and spinning parameters. γ-Fe2O3-NPs were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation as maghemite and coated with PAA2k through the precipitation-redispersion protocol in order to prepare γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. Biopolymeric fibers containing coated NPs with sub-micrometer diameters were obtained, with NP concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1.7% wt. The synthesized NPs underwent characterization via dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and infrared spectroscopy, while the biopolymer fibers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful implementation of SBS for producing biopolymeric fibers incorporating iron oxide NPs, where the amalgamation of materials demonstrated superior thermal behavior to the plain polymers. The thorough characterization of the NPs and fibers provided valuable insights into their properties, paving the way for their potential applications in various fields such as biomedical engineering, environmental remediation, and functional materials.

The Cervical and Meningeal Lymphatic Network as a Pathway for Retrograde Nanoparticle Transport to the Brain.

The meningeal lymphatic vessels have been described as a pathway that transports cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid in a unidirectional manner towards the deep cervical lymph nodes. However, these vessels exhibit anatomical and molecular characteristics typical of initial lymphatic vessels, with the absence of surrounding smooth muscle and few or absent valves. Given its structure, this network could theoretically allow for bidirectional motion. Nevertheless, it has not been assessed as a potential route for nanoparticles to travel from peripheral tissues to the brain. We employed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), exosomes loaded with SPIONs, gold nanorods, and Chinese ink nanoparticles. SPIONs were prepared via chemical coprecipitation, while exosomes were isolated from the B16F10 melanoma cell line through the Exo-Spin column protocol and loaded with SPIONs through electroporation. Gold nanorods were functionalized with polyethylene glycol. We utilized C57BL/6 mice for post-mortem and in vivo procedures. To evaluate the retrograde directional flow, we injected each nanoparticle solution in the deep cervical lymph node. The head and neck were fixed for magnetic resonance imaging and histological analysis. Here we show that extracellular vesicles derived from the B16F10 melanoma cell line, along with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanorods, and Chinese ink nanoparticles can reach the meningeal lymphatic vessels and the brain of C57BL/6 mice after administration within the deep cervical lymph nodes post-mortem and in vivo, exclusively through lymphatic structures. The functional anatomy of dural lymphatics has been found to be conserved between mice and humans, suggesting that our findings may have significant implications for advancing targeted drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Understanding the retrograde transport of nanoparticles through the meningeal lymphatic network could lead to novel therapeutic approaches in nanomedicine, offering new insights into fluid dynamics in both physiological and neuropathological contexts. Further research into this pathway may unlock new strategies for treating neurological diseases or enhancing drug delivery to the brain.

Synthesis, characterization, and ameliorative effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on saline-stressed Zea mays

High soil salinity induces osmotic and ionic stress that threaten crop production worldwide and affect food security. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on salinized Zea mays. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Diodella sarmentosa, and the results of the characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV–visible spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of polydisperse spherical iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) with a light absorption peak at 290 nm, and a size ranging from 3.03 nm to 87.04 nm. Daily foliar application of FeONPs on the salinized Zea mays for 10 days, significantly (p < 0.05) improved the plant’s photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyl (175.71 %), chlorophyll a (256.34 %), chlorophyll b (77.01 %), carotenoid (39.36 %), root length (9.87 %), and antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to the untreated and bulk FeCl3·6H2O-treated controls. Since iron is known to promote photosynthetic pigment synthesis, the enhanced photosynthetic indices observed in the FeONPs-treated pot compared to the bulk FeCl3·6H2O-treated pot, may have resulted from the size-aided absorption of the FeONPs more than FeCl3·6H2O From the findings, it can be deduced that FeONPs can improve the growth and development of saline-stressed Zea mays by enhancing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, while improving the photosynthetic pigments of the plant.

Modified mesoporous silica nanocarriers containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle, 5-fluorouracil or oxaliplatin, and metformin as a radiosensitizer, significantly impact colorectal cancer radiation therapy

This study investigates the anticancer effects of SPION-based silica nanocarriers carrying 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or oxaliplatin (OX), and metformin (MET) on colorectal cancer cells. Nanocarriers were equipped with pH-responsive gold gatekeepers for controlled release, PEGylation for longer circulation, and folic acid (FA) for targeted delivery. The effects were evaluated by investigating cell viability, cellular uptake, flow cytometry, and clonogenic assay in vitro. The efficacy of the system was also tested in vivo on C57BL/6 mice bearing HT-29 tumors, and potential side effects were evaluatedNanocarriers were synthesized with hydrodynamic diameters of 79.8 nm for 5-FU and 85.2 nm for OX; zeta potentials of −21 and –22 mV, respectively, and remained stable after 72 h. Encapsulation efficiencies were 85 % for 5-FU, 80 % for OX, and 83 % for MET, with loading capacities of 44 %, 38 %, and 41 %, respectively. Drug release in acidic buffer was 38.7 % for 5-FU, 32.8 % for OX, and 43.5 % for MET. MTT assay showed increased toxicity due to FA conjugation, while PEGylation reduced the hemolysis activity. Targeted nanocarriers demonstrated superior cellular uptake and tumor localization compared to non-targeted variants. The combination of 5-FU-MET and OX-MET nanocarriers with radiation therapy (RT) demonstrated the greatest effect on their antitumor activity, accompanied by minimal side effects indicating effective tumor targeting in vivo. MRI and CT imaging further supported these findings. This study underscores the synergistic impact of MET alongside RT on the inhibition of cancer cells and tumor growth for both targeted 5-FU and OX nanocarriers reflecting the significant radiosensitizing properties of MET.

Influence of flame stability on iron oxide nanoparticle growth during FSP

Flame stability during flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) remains an active topic of investigation due to its impact on synthesised particle attributes and purity. The unique feature of the burner investigated here is the ability to control flame stability over newly defined stability maps. The novelty of the current work lies in understanding the influence of these broad stability modes on nanoparticle growth during FSP and on the attributes of collected products. Several distinct flame configurations are selected for iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis, ranging from stable to highly unstable flames. The flame stability regimes are characterised by OH∗ chemiluminescence and broadband flame luminescence imaging. Stability is correlated with the coefficient of variation of flame luminescence (CV) and flame height with mean OH∗ chemiluminescence. Planar Mie scattering is then used to identify the effect of flame luminescence intermittency on spray atomisation and evaporation quality. For particle analysis, in-situ thermophoretic sampling is performed from 30 to 200 mm above the burner exit plane and analysed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further ex-situ analysis is also performed on the bulk-collected product via high-resolution TEM, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). It is demonstrated that flames with higher instability (CVmin ≥ 0.35) maintain increased spray heights (>26 %) and reduced flame heights (>79 %) compared to stable flames with the same precursor volume flowrate. This reduces the high-temperature particle residence time for primary particle growth and impacts subsequent agglomeration. For example, the mean diameter of gyration and primary particle diameter are found to vary by 44 % and 29 % depending on the flame regime, respectively. Ex-situ analysis also demonstrates that the dominant iron oxide phase produced is maghemite regardless of the stability regime. However, higher concentrations of organic impurities including methyl, methylene and carboxylate functional groups are found via ATR-FTIR with increased flame instability (CV).

Preparation and Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol Conjugated Polyethylene Imine‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Paclitaxel Delivery to Cervical Cancer Cells

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize the therapeutic effect of paclitaxel‐loaded polyethylene glycol modified polyethylene imine‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles on cervical cancer cell line (HeLa cell). The physiochemical characteristics of nanocarriers were confirmed by using several methods including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed the magnetic nanoparticles with size of 35 nm and excellent magnetic properties could load paclitaxel with capacity (16%) and encapsulation efficiency (80%) that has revealed pH‐dependent release behavior. The anticancer effects of nanoparticles were investigated using MTT assay. In comparison to free drug, paclitaxel‐loaded magnetic nanocarrier revealed more cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line and also resulted in an increased rate of apoptotic cancer cells, assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the developed magnetic nanocarrier showed suitable hemocompatibility which can be used in clinical applications.

Hyperthermia and biological investigation of a novel magnetic nanobiocomposite based on acacia gum-silk fibroin hydrogel embedded with poly vinyl alcohol

The design and synthesis of biocompatible nanostructures for biomedical applications are considered vital challenges. Herein, a nanobiocomposite based on acacia hydrogel, natural silk fibroin protein, and synthetic protein fibers of polyvinyl alcohol was fabricated and magnetized with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs). The structural properties of the hybrid nanobiocomposite were investigated by essential analyses such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction)XRD(analyses, Thermogravimetric and Differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), Vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The biological activities and functional properties of the prepared magnetic nanobiocomposite were studied. Results proved that this nanobiocomposite is non-toxic to the healthy HEK293T cell line. In addition, the synthesized nanobiocomposite showed an approximately 22 % reduction in cell viability of BT549 cells after 72 h. All results confirmed the anti-cancer properties of nanobiocomposite against breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, the prepared nanobiocomposite is an excellent material that can use for in-vivo application. Finally, the hyperthermia application was evaluated for this nanobiocomposite. The SAR was measured 93.08 (W/g) at 100 kHz.

Marine-derived magnetic nanocatalyst in sustainable ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One derivatives

This research presents a sustainable approach to fabricate iron oxide nanoparticles by employing phytochemicals derived from marine grass extract as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Formation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) initially confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) showing absorption peak at 370 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques unveiled magnetic iron oxide NPs with a rod shape, an average size of 21 nm, and an inverse spinel crystal structure. The participation of organic compounds in the production and stabilization of MNPs was evidenced through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated the magnetic properties of iron oxide NPs showing a saturation magnetization value of 21.46 emu/g. The catalytic efficiency of these marine-assisted MNPs was evaluated in a one-pot three-component reaction involving isatoic anhydride, aromatic aldehydes, and amines under ultrasonic conditions. Under optimal conditions, a low dose of 1.5 mg of biobased magnetite nanoparticles yielded dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One products with up to 95 % efficiency in a brief duration of 15 min at an ultrasonic power intensity of 130 W. Different directing groups were investigated, and control experiments were carried out to enhance the understanding of the reaction mechanism. The obtained results highlight the synergistic effect of marine grass-mediated magnetic nanocatalysts combined with ultrasonic-assisted synthesis in developing sustainable green methodologies in organic synthesis.

Optimization of Magnetite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia: Correlation with Physicochemical Properties and Cation Distribution

AbstractThe present study reveals the synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by varying the molar ratio of ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) ions via chemical coprecipitation method for the study of cationic distribution of Fe‐ions and its potential application for magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT). X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to characterize the physicochemical properties. Several structural parameters were estimated using the Rietveld refinement, resulting in structural modelling verified by magnetic characteristics. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) assessed the magnetic hysteresis loop at room temperature in a field range of ±15 kOe, revealing superparamagnetic behavior for the ratio Fe2+/Fe3+ 1:2. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of IONPs increased with the increasing Fe2+ concentration and attained a maximum value of 60.21 emu g−1 at a molar ratio of 2:1. The potential of the inductive heating capability of IONPs in an alternating current magnetic field (AMF) was studied to treat localized MHT. The changes in magnetic properties and inductive heating properties of IONPs are associated with the cationic distribution of Fe2+ at the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of crystal structure. The variation in cationic properties at the A and B sites may result in varying/tuneable magnetic properties, affecting the overall heating profiles of hyperthermia.

Green synthesis of ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles with nigella sativa extract: Efficient degradation of methylene blue and antimicrobial properties

Zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs, and ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using Nigella sativa (NS) seed extracts. These nanomaterials (NMs) were characterized by multiple analytical techniques like UV-visible spectrophotometers, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectrum showed 364 nm, 330 nm, and 331nm for ZnO NPs, Fe3O4 NPs, and ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs, respectively. Moreover, it was confirmed when the samples were run through FTIR techniques, and it was observed that the availability of bioactive functional groups was involved in the decline of bulk compounds to NPs. XRD showed their average nanoparticle size based on applying the formula of full width at half maximum (FWHM) for ZnO NPs, Fe3O4 NPs, and ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs at 29.52 nm, 22.08 nm, and 12.82 nm, respectively. In this study, the reduction of Methylene Blue (MB) dye was done by NPs and NCs, and their catalytic activities were investigated by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. MB dye showed the maximum absorption peak at 664 nm, and the reaction of MB was reduced using synthesized products with an accompanying color change reaction from blue to colorless within 60 min at 84%, 86%, and 99.5% degradation for ZnO NPs, Fe3O4 NPs, and ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs with rate constants of 0.00035, 0.00065, and 0.0015 Lmol-1S-1. The 2nd order rate constant was observed in this study. The agar disc diffusion method was used to investigate the potential antibacterial activity of synthesized NPs and NCs. This study is best suited for Gram-positive bacteria. NS seed extract-based synthesis of NCs could be an excellent catalyst and biological application for environmental pollution.

Experimental evaluation of green nanofluids in heat exchanger made oF PDMS

Conventional methods for synthesizing metallic nanoparticles face challenges such as instability and environmental concerns. Therefore, new, simpler, and more eco-friendly methods are being explored. In this context, the study reports a green synthesis process to produce magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of the alga Chlorella vulgaris. This process leverages natural resources to create a sustainable nanofluid known as green nanofluid. To evaluate the characteristics of this nanofluid, experimental measurements of wettability, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and qualitative stability analysis were conducted. An experimental setup consisting of a heat exchanger made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to assess the thermal performance and the results were compared to theoretical equations and numerical simulation. Additionally, thermographic imaging of temperature gradients as the fluids passed over the heated surface of the serpentine channel were made. The main findings confirmed that the nanofluid was more stable than that obtained by traditional methods and had a more uniform temperature distribution over the heat exchanger. The higher concentration exhibited superior thermal performance compared to DI-Water. Moreover, the green nanofluid was used at a weight concentration of 0.1 wt%, provided thermal performance results of nearly 4.5% superior to those estimated by the numerical model and 6.4% higher than those experimentally obtained with the base fluid, respectively. Finally, the results obtained for the nanofluid also showed an average increase of around 5% in the viscosity of the base fluid, with a more significant sedimentation at a concentration of 0.1 wt%.

Magnetic Kidney Stone Removal

Abstract Residual fragments can remain after kidney stone extraction which may necessitate another intervention. A new approach needs to be developedis needed to lower the risk of disease severe side effects caused by these fragments. Magnetic nanoparticles can be applied due to their properties of being able to bind to residual fragments and to be extracted by an external magnetic field. Fractals and magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized thoroughly. The small nanoparticles bind covalently to the kidney stones and a magnetic extraction of calcium oxalate fractals with magnetic nanoparticles is possible. The aggregation of nanoscale iron oxide nanoparticles can be induced with the addition of salt which improves the extraction process. The separation is validated by simulation and experimentally in a porcine kidney as well as in artificial kidney models. This proof-of-concept study successfullyis the fundament for a new waydemonstrated of extracting kidney stones extraction and including their fractals and might pave the way for new procedures in urology.