Superoxide Radical Scavenging Assays Research Articles

Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation, GC-MS Characterization, In-vitro Antioxidant Potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Melastomataceae Species Memecylon malabaricum (C.B. Clarke) Cogn.

The leaf extracts of Memecylon malabaricum were subjected to a detailed phytochemical investigation as part of this study. Based on the findings of this investigation, it was discovered that the leaf extracts included a wide range of bioactive components. These components included carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenols, and saponins. Throughout the whole of the experiment, the only extract that displayed phytosterols was the ethanolic extract. The findings of the DPPH, ABTS, total antioxidant assay-FRAP, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and total antioxidant assay-CUPAC assays demonstrated that all of the samples, but sample A in particular, had antioxidant qualities that were encouraging. This was the conclusion that was reached. A GC-MS analysis was used to thoroughly examine the chemical configuration of the leaves of M. malabaricum. According to the findings of this inquiry, 60 distinct components were examined. The legitimacy of the therapeutic potential of M. malabaricum is gained as a result of these results, which also pave the way for more study into the plant’s possible applications in the fields of pharmacology and medicine.

Organic wastes of Citrus sinensis Peels- a source of eco-friendly and sustainable bioactive compounds for promoting health

To determine the phytochemicals, radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of orange peel extract. Citrus sinensis were subjected to extraction with ethanol. Gas chromatography (GC) was utilized to determine the phytochemical composition of orange peel extract. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess radical scavenging potential of the extract. Antioxidant activities of the peel extracts were determined via the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The GC-FID analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, sapogenin, and steroids in the orange peel extract. The results of radical scavenging assays demonstrated the extract’s ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging capacity of the extract was observed to be concentration-dependent, with comparisons made to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHT. Peels from citrus sinensis represent a valuable source of phytochemicals, demonstrating significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.

Phytochemical characterization and phospholipase A2 inhibitory effect of Vitex negundo L. root extracts

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSnake bites are a critical health issue in many parts of the world particularly in Asian countries lacking efficient health facilities in rural areas. Cobra is the most common snake type in Asia and is responsible for a large number of mortalities particularly in rural areas. Plants are usually considered the most effective and easy-to-approach treatment for snake bites in rural areas of various countries. Vitex negundo L. is an important medicinal plant traditionally used to treat snake bite envenomation in many countries of Asia. Aim of the studyFrom literature survey of plants traditionally used in the treatment of snake bites in Asian countries including India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, roots of V. negundo were selected for the present study. Anti-snake venom potential of its roots was assessed through various in vitro assays targeting the phospholipase A2 enzyme. Materials and methodsV. negundo roots were sequentially extracted in different organic solvents to get fractions and in methanol to get total extract. The extracts were evaluated for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitory potential through inhibition of venom-induced hemolysis, ADP-induced platelet aggregation, PLA2-induced fatty acid hydrolysis and anticoagulant effect of cobra venom. Antioxidant power was determined using DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging assays. GC-MS and HPLC analysis was performed for the total methanol extract. ResultsStrong PLA2 inhibitory effect was observed for all the extracts. The ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions significantly inhibited toxic effects of cobra venom under in vitro conditions. Radical scavenging potential of these fractions was also significantly high as compared to non-polar fractions in both DPPH and superoxide scavenging assays. Phytochemical analysis indicated high phenolic and flavonoid contents in these fractions. GC-MS and HPLC analysis of total methanol extract confirmed the presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, phenol, o-Guaiacol, palmitic acid-methyl ester, methyl stearate, quercetin and kaempferol in the plant. ConclusionThe study concluded that the roots of V. negundo, particularly their polar extracts, have strong PLA2 inhibitory effect against cobra venom confirming their traditional use to manage snake bites. The roots of this plant can be further studied for isolation of plant-based antisera.

A Research on Futuristic Magical effect of Oleanolic Acid

Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound and its derivatives possess several promising pharmacological activities. Here, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of ethanolic extracts of Oleanolic acid from Ocimum sanctum. antioxidants entrapped in nanogel or hollow particles, used to provide better stability, gradual and sustained release, biocompatibility, and targeted delivery of the antioxidants with superior antioxidant profiles. The antioxidant activities were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide radical scavenging assays.

Phytochemical Investigation of Hypericum heterophyllum Flowers: LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activity

Background: Hypericum heterophyllum has been used as a traditional medicine and includes significant bioactive compounds. Objective: To quantitatively determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Hypericum heterophyllum flowers and evaluate the antioxidant activity. Also, to present the activity-compound relationship. Methods: Flowers of H. heterophyllum Vent., endemic species for Turkey were collected from Yozgat-Turkey. H. heterophyllum flowers were extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform individually. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for phytochemicals was carried out for each extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were carried out for each extract. The antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH•, ABTS•+, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Results: Chlorogenic acid was found as a major compound in all extracts. Among the extracts, methanol extract included the most phenolic compound. The methanol extract and acetone extract consisted of the most flavonoids. Acetone and ethanol extracts revealed the most DPPH and ABTS activity respectively. Acetone extract exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging effect Conclusion: Flowers of H. heterophyllum contain bioactive compounds and they revealed good antioxidant activity. Hence, H. heterophyllum flowers could be a promising agent for the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Biomass fractionation techniques impact on the structure and antioxidant properties of isolated lignins

Lignin is a phenolic residue from biomass refinery industries. Biomass fractionation techniques keep emerging because of the pursuit of improved revenues from biomass refineries, which generates lignin structurally different from conventional one, i.e., the kraft lignin. To understand the impact of emerging biomass fractionation processes on the antioxidant properties of lignin, six lignins were isolated from pine wood, and structurally analyzed with ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hetereonuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography. The antioxidant activity of isolated lignins was determined by DPPH assay, ABTS assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The structure and antioxidant properties of lignin were discussed accordingly. The results of this study would provide solid data guiding the isolation of lignin-based high-performance antioxidants from biomass.

Đánh giá tác dụng chống oxy hóa và bảo vệ gan trên thực nghiệm của cây muồng lùn

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of different fractions of extract from Chamaecrista pumila (Lam.) K. Larsen were investigated by employing in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and its n-hexan, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol and remained water fraction extracts obtained from C. pumila was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide radical scavenging assay. In vitro results revealed that the ethanol extract had potential DPPH radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 18.65 (9.91-35.08) µg/ml and 12.33 (5.24-29.02) µg/mL, respectively. Among fractions extracted from ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed highest antioxidant property through DPPH radical scarvenging activity with an IC50value of 9.98 (6.23-16.01) µg/mL and superoxide radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 8.38 (6.11-11.50) µg/mL. In vivo hepatoprotective activities of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from C. pumila were investigated in mice using a model of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Ethanol extract of C. pumila at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg decreased levels of serum transaminases ASAT. Ethyl acetate fraction of C. pumila at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly improved the parameters of paracetamol-induced liver injury including ASAT, ALAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; ethyl acetat fraction of C. pumila at dose of 500 mg/kg also exhibited in vivo antioxidant properties by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increasing glutathione (GSH) content.

Biochemical Screening, Fabrication of Green Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Studies of Endophytic Fungus Phlebia Species.

Endophytes are organism dwelling totally dynamic and novel biotopes this makes them able to produce novel biochemicals that may become assets to the future. This study aims at understanding the biochemical components of the endophytic fungus Phlebia sp. synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from it, and the antimicrobial as well as antioxidant ability of these green synthesised nanoparticles. Aqueous fungal extract was subjected for HRLCMS analysis which revealed 34 biochemicals within the extract. Silver and gold nanoparticles were also produced from the fungal extract. UV-vis analysis revealed a peak at 450nm for silver nanoparticle and 550nm for gold nanoparticles. FESEM analysis confirmed the presence of these nanoparticles with its spherical shape. Both of these nanoparticles were able to produce a conspicuous zone of inhibition in the antimicrobial tests against Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi. For both of the organisms under study, a concentration-dependent expansion of the zone of inhibition was discovered in the nanoparticles. However, with silver nanoparticles, a relatively high zone of inhibition and vulnerability of the organism was discovered. Four in vitro free radical scavenging assays, including the DPPH, Hydroxyl, Superoxide, and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assays, were used for antioxidant analysis. The results of every test demonstrated that green synthesisedsilver nanoparticles had higher activity than gold nanoparticles. All of the tests showed that silver nanoparticles were more active than gold nanoparticles with the maximum value of 86.254 ± 0.296% being discovered at the greatest concentration of superoxide radical scavenging assay.

Study on the preparation of novel flavonol-gold nanoparticles antioxidants and the mechanism of protein corona formation

In this work, we reported the methodology involved in the binding of galangin/kaempferol/quercetin/myricetin onto the surface of 10.3 nm and 31.3 nm citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by a simple in situ method to prepare the eight novel flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants. We systematically performed UV–vis spectroscopy, the hydrodynamic diameter, and zeta potential to characterize the novel flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants. The antioxidative effect of the novel flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants was determined using DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. The results indicate that the novel flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants scavenging ability of these three free radicals is significantly enhanced compared with flavonols or AuNPs. The scavenging capacity of 31.3 nm flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants is greater than that of 13.3 nm flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants. The free radical scavenging ability of quercetin/myricetin-AuNPs antioxidants is higher than that of galangin/kaempferol-AuNPs antioxidants. And then, the mechanism of protein corona formation between the eight novel AuNPs-flavonol antioxidants and γ-globulin/fibrinogen/trypsin/pepsin and the conformational changes of the four proteins caused by the protein corona formation were systematically and quantitatively investigated by various spectral techniques. Overall, we ascertain the fact that this kind of novel flavonol-AuNPs antioxidants will contribute to the development of safe and effective AuNPs antioxidants in biological systems.

Theoretical, antioxidant, antidiabetic and in silico molecular docking and pharmacokinetics studies of heteroleptic oxovanadium(IV) complexes of thiosemicarbazone-based ligands and diclofenac

A series of new heteroleptic oxovanadium(IV) complexes with the general formula [VOL1–6(Dcf)] (1–6), where L1−6 = thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-based ligands and Dcf = diclofenac have been synthesized and characterized. The spectral studies along with the density functional theory calculations evidenced the distorted square-pyramidal geometry around oxovanadium(IV) ion through imine nitrogen and thione sulfur atoms of TSC moiety, and two asymmetric carboxylate oxygen atoms of diclofenac drug. The complexes were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical scavenging assays with respect to the standard antioxidant drugs butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and rutin. The in vitro antidiabetic activity of the complexes was tested with enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The complexes containing methyl substituent showed higher activity than that containing the nitro substituent due to the electron-donating effect of methyl group. The in silico molecular docking studies of the oxovanadium(IV) complexes with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes showed strong interaction via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The dynamic behavior of the proposed complexes was analyzed by molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations, which revealed the stability of docked structures with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetics parameters, such as Lipinski’s ‘rule of five’, Veber’s rule and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties predicted non-toxic, non-carcinogenic and safe oral administration of the synthesized complexes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

A Study on Phytochemical and Antioxidant properties of the Leaves of Ficus hispida Linn.

Ficus hispida Linn. is a small but well-distributed species of the tropical fig tree. Although used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments, there is a lack of system reports about the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the leaves of that plant. This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of F. hispida leaves using four different solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether). Qualitative and quantitative analysis are performed to determine the presence and content of phytochemicals. Four in vitro assay models were used to investigate the antioxidant activity. Phytochemical experiments confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonols, resins, saponins, proanthocyanidins, glycosides, steroids, and tannins. Qualitative analysis showed the total content of polyphenols such as phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols, and proanthocyanidin in those extracts. Among all the Extracts, ethanol extracted from the leaves of F. hispida has shown superior activity in the testing of the total antioxidant capacity assay. In DPPH and ABTS scavenging, ethanol extracted from F. hispida leaves shows the highest scavenging activity among all extractions with IC50 values of 50.33±2.59μg/ml and 83.35±1.98μg/ml respectively. Although in Superoxide radical scavenging assay and Nitric Oxide radical scavenging assay, methanol extraction of F. hispida leaves exhibit with an IC50 value of 104.17±3.49μg/ml and 108.98±4.66μg/ml.

Vanillic acid exhibits potent antiproliferative and free radical scavenging effects under in vitro conditions

Cells endure oxidative stress as a result of an imbalance between the status of body’s reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Higher production of ROS or weak antioxidant defense mechanism in the cell could lead to various pathological disorders, including carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the in vitro free radical scavenging activity and antiproliferative efficacy of vanillic acid using a spectrum of radical scavenging assays and cytotoxic assays, respectively. Vanillic acid’s antioxidant ability was investigated using in vitro antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The current study observed an excellent free radical scavenging capacity of vanillic acid, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (reference drug). The antiproliferative effect of vanillic acid was assessed in mammary cancer cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF-7]) by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, ROS generation potential, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and by evaluating its apoptotic induction potential. The cell viability of breast cancer cells was drastically decreased by vanillic acid, and its antiproliferative potential in MCF-7 cells could be due to its ability to induce excessive generation of ROS and its apoptotic induction potential. The present investigation thus explores antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of vanillic acid under in vitro conditions.

Investigation of the Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Onosma halophila Boiss. & Heldr.

The Onosma halophila Boiss. & Heldr. belongs to the Boraginaceae family and it is endemic species from Turkey that distributes in Salt Lake (Tuz Gölü) and the surrounding salty steppes. In this study, the chemical content, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of endemic O. halophila were determined for the first time. Thirty-one components were identified by GC-MS analysis in O. halophila. Antimicrobial activity was tested against a total of eight microorganisms, including three Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacterial strains, and two fungal strains, using the Micro dilution technique. The obtained extracts showed strong antifungal and antibacterial activity. The MIC value of extracts samples against the tested strains ranged from 15.625 to 125μg/mL. In addition, it was determined that the extracts had different levels of antioxidant activity. The IC50 values were determined 45.20-1760µg/mL for DPPH radical scavenging assay, 3.125-1016µg/mL for H2O2 radical scavenging assay, and 147.12-1837µg/mL for superoxide radical scavenging assay, respectively. As a result, it has been determined that O. halophila has the potential to be used in complementary medicine and various ethnobotanical fields in future due to the important components it contains.

Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Phytochemical Investigation of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Dryopteris dilatata

Bioactive constituents are the active ingredients of herbal product such as Dryopteris dilataa that possess therapeutic efficacies in the treatment and management of several diseases. Thus, we evaluated different concentration of the free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical constituents of ethanol and sub-extracts of Dryopteris dilatata (Dd) leaves such as butane, hexane and benzene. Phytochemicals analysis was determined on the ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata sub-extracts using standard principles, also free radical scavenging capacity of the ethanol extract for Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (OH), superoxide radical scavenging assay (SSRA), 2,2--Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphoric acid scavenging activity (ABTS) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay (TBA) was done using standard protocols. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed flavonoids and cardiac glycosides in all extracts, terpenoid, phytosterol, alkaloid, tannins and saponin constituents were present in ethanol, butane and hexane extracts and absent in benzene extract, phenols is present in only hexane extract but absent in all other extracts, glycerols is present in only benzene extracts while phlobotannin and carbohydrate are absent in all extracts. The plant ethanol extract revealed statistically significant at P<0.05 capacity for (FRAP), (OH), (SSRA), (DPPH), (ABTS), (TA). The study therefore suggest that the plant extract could lead to producing therapeutic agent in the treatment and management of several disorders that are attributed to reactive species and oxidative stress.

Synthesis and docking studies of pyrazole-benzamide-benzothiazole conjugates as xanthine oxidase inhibitor candidates

A series of benzothiazole bearing pyrazole derivatives (6a-j) were synthesized via mechanochemical synthesis through hand grinding using pestle and mortar, and their xanthine oxidase inhibition efficiency and antioxidant properties were evaluated. The 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy techniques were employed for the characterization of the synthesized molecules. Initially, the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme inhibitory activity for all the compounds (6a-j) was performed using standard reference. Further, for the potent compound (6h) with methyl sulphonyl substitution in the benzothiazole ring the kinetic analysis of XO was carried out. Later, anti-oxidant assays like DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging assays for title compounds were conducted. Also in these assays, the compound (6h) was found to exhibit good antioxidant activity, and the inhibitory constant of XO was found to be 1.78 µg. Furthermore, the docking and dynamic studies were carried out, and the compound (6h) was found to show the lowest binding energy. Also, the analysis of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and the number of hydrogen bonds of the compound (6h) was conducted and the binding free energy of the compound (6h) was calculated.

Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. (Myrothamnaceae) essential oil scavenges free radicals and inhibits carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in vitro

ABSTRACT Myrothamnus flabellifolius is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in southern Africa to treat an array of diseases, including diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the chemical compositions, antioxidant activity, and the inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes by essential oil from Myrothamnus flabellifolius leaves (MFEO). The oil extracted by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography – flame thermionic detector (GC – FTD) and GC – mass spectrometry (GC – MS). The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the oil were carried out using standard in vitro methods. MFEO displayed potent antioxidant effects more than standards for superoxide anion, nitric oxide, metal chelation, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 0.23, 0.71, 0.58, and 0.43 mg/mL respectively. The oil also displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes than acarbose, with IC50 values of 0.52 and 0.59 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical analysis of MFEO revealed the presence of twenty (20) compounds dominated mainly by monoterpenes and non-terpenoid derivatives. The major oil constituents were β- myrcene (37.1%), mentha-1,5,8-triene (24.9%), and α-pinene (10.80%). Some of these identified components have been reported to be antioxidative and antidiabetic, buttressing the displayed effects of MFEO.

Pharmacological Prospects of Morin Conjugated Selenium Nanoparticles-Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, and Anticancer Activities.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained wide importance in the scientific community and have emerged as an optimistic therapeutic carrier agent for targeted drug delivery. In the present study, the effectiveness of nano selenium conjugated with Morin (Ba-SeNp-Mo) produced from endophytic bacteria Bacillus endophyticus reported in our earlier research was tested against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and fungal pathogens that showed good zone of inhibition against all selected pathogens. Antioxidant activities of these NPs were studied by 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays that exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 6.92 ± 1.0, 16.85 ± 1.39, 31.60 ± 1.36, 18.87 ± 1.46, and 6.95 ± 1.27 μg/mL. The efficiency of DNA cleavage and thrombolytic activity of Ba-SeNp-Mo were also studied. The antiproliferative effect of Ba-SeNp-Mo was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in COLON-26 cell lines that resulted in IC50 value of 63.11 μg/mL. Further increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels up to 2.03 and significant early, late and necrotic cells were also observed in AO/EtBr assay. CASPASE 3 expression was upregulated to 1.22 (40 μg/mL) and 1.85 (80 μg/mL) fold. Thus, the current investigation suggested that the Ba-SeNp-Mo has offered remarkable pharmacological activity.

Toxicological assessment of Phormidium sp. derived copper oxide nanoparticles for its biomedical and environmental applications

Driven by the need to biosynthesized alternate biomedical agents to prevent and treat infection, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have surfaced as a promising avenue. Cyanobacteria-derived synthesis of CuONPs is of substantive interest as it offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and biocompatible route. In the present study biosynthesized CuONPs were characterized and investigated regarding their toxicity. Morphological analysis using TEM, SEM and AFM showed the spherical particle size of 20.7 nm with 96% copper that confirmed the purity of CuONPs. Biogenic CuONPs with IC50 value of 64.6 µg ml−1 showed 90% scavenging of free radicals in superoxide radical scavenging assay. CuONPs showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by 86% of protein denaturation with IC50 value of 89.9 µg ml−1. Biogenic CuONPs exhibited significant toxicity against bacterial strains with lowest MIC value of 62.5 µg ml−1 for B. cereus and fungal strain with a MIC value of 125 µg ml−1 for C. albicans. In addition CuONPs demonstrated a high degree of synergistic interaction when combined with standard drugs. CuONPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer with an IC50 value of 100.8 µg ml−1 for A549 and 88.3 µg ml−1 for the H1299 cell line with apoptotic activities. Furthermore, biogenic CuONPs was evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation potential against methylene blue dye and were able to removed 94% dye in 90 min. Free radical scavenging analysis suggested that CuONPs assisted dye degradation was mainly induced by hydroxide radicals. Biogenic CuONPs appears as an eco-friendly and cost effective photocatalyst for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes that poses threat to aquatic biota and human health. The present study highlighted the blend of biomedical and photocatalytic potential of Phormidium derived CuONPs as an attractive approach for future applications in nanomedicine and bioremediation.

Studies on In-vitro Bioactivity of Icacina trichantha Methanol Seed Extract

Plants are new sources of antioxidative and antimicrobial agents, hence the need to determine and evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal properties and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of methanol extract of Icacina trichantha. Oliv. (Icacinaceae) seed. In this research work, antioxidant study was done by using various in vitro methods such as: 1-Dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial properties were determined using agar cup diffusion method on MRSA, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. krusei, S. dysenteriae, S. pyrogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis. The extract of the studied plant exhibited pronounced antioxidant activities in the various antioxidant activity assay tested. Also, the extract had remarkable susceptibility effect on the tested microorganism with the exception of P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and C. tropicalis that were resistant. The findings indicate that the extract was found to be effective free radical quencher, a potent source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, thus justifying its traditional use in green therapeutics.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Onobrychis sativa L.: Characterization, catalytic degradation of methylene blue, antioxidant activity, and quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved using Onobrychis sativa extract of leaves and flowers mixture and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic study. The appearance of maximum absorption at 442 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy verified the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Os) structure. The functional groups of natural compounds in O. sativa acting as reducing and stabilizing agents were presented by FTIR. The typical signal appeared at 3211 cm−1 belonging to the OH moiety. The diffraction peaks by X-ray XRD analysis (2θ) at 38.16°, 44.31°, 64.49°,77.38°, and 81.52 degrees may relate to 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222 facets presenting the face-centered cubic unit structure (fcc). The stability of AgNPs@Os was determined by zeta potential as − 34.2 mV. Moreover, the histogram of DLS revealed the average size of nanoparticles in suspension. TEM analysis displayed that AgNPs@Os were quasi-spherical and the average magnitude was 14.7 nm. The intense peak at 2.5–3.5 keV in EDX spectrum approved the structure of the nanoparticles. The catalytic degradation of methylene blue by sodium borohydride in the presence of AgNPs@Os as a catalyst was investigated and degradation was found to be 68 % in 30 min. Antioxidant activity of extract and AgNPs@Os was conducted using the DPPH• free radical scavenging, ABTS•+ radical cation scavenging, FRAP, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. AgNPs@Os exhibited excellent activity. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in water extract was carried out by HPLC after nanoparticles synthesis and gallic acid was found as a major compound.