Superoleophobic Surfaces Research Articles

Simple and Scalable Approach for Fabrication of a Durable Conjugated Polymer-Decorated Multichannel Tubular Ceramic Membrane with Superoleophobic (Underwater) and Superhydrophilic Surface for Treatment of Oily Wastewater

Simple and Scalable Approach for Fabrication of a Durable Conjugated Polymer-Decorated Multichannel Tubular Ceramic Membrane with Superoleophobic (Underwater) and Superhydrophilic Surface for Treatment of Oily Wastewater

V2CTx MXene for sustainable wastewater treatment: Inspired by the exoskeletons of nature’s microscopic architects

The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane is prepared and its wetting properties are tuned through polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating. Subsequently, a layer of Vanadium Carbide MXene (V2CTx) is derived from etching the Aluminium layer from Vanadium Aluminium Carbide (V2AlC) MAX phase. The V2CTx MXene is deposited onto the PVA-coated PVDF through vacuum deposition. This incorporation ensures that the V2CTx is deeply rooted within the substrate bolstering its separation capabilities with an underwater superoleophobic and in-air superhydrophilic surface. The bi-functional membrane serves as an essential experimental validation for the application of V2CTx MXene in treating oily wastewater. It efficiently separates oil and water while aiding in aqueous-oil demulsification, providing an innovative solution for wastewater treatment. Additionally, this membrane demonstrates effective adsorption of organic contaminants due to the presence of V2CTx MXene, further enhancing its remediation capabilities. Therefore, this work introduces a pioneering approach utilizing V2CTx MXene in treating oily wastewater.

PTFE composite membrane with peroxymonosulfate activation self-cleaning for highly-efficient oil-water emulsion separation and dye degradation

Combining membrane separation with advanced oxidation technology can make the membrane self-cleaning, extending its service life. However, the preparation of composite membranes with excellent catalytic ability, self-cleaning performance, and stability remains a key research direction. In this study, a PTFE composite membrane with peroxymonosulfate activation self-cleaning ability was successfully prepared by in-situ growth of CoOOH and ZIF-67 on the surface of a l-DOPA/PEI modified PTFE membrane. The as-prepared membrane is superhydrophilic and has significant superoleophobic surfaces underwater, the separation efficiency of the as-prepared membrane for multiple oil-water emulsions exceeded 98.4 %. Meanwhile, the effective degradation of several organic dyes under visible light was simulated, with still high degradation efficiency (>99 %) after 10 cycles. Overall, this study puts forward a approach towards self-cleaning membranes based on PTFE material; the resulting composite membrane's high separation efficiency, stability under repeated use conditions as well as its self-cleaning ability position it as an attractive candidate for long-term wastewater purification applications.

Mixed superoleophilic/superoleophobic hard granular media for coalescence of oil-in-water-emulsion

To enhance the coalescence separation efficiency of oil/water emulsions, the coalescence mechanism of oil droplets between two media of opposite wettability was investigated. A coalescent-bed comprising a mix of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic quartz sand, along with superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic quartz sand, was constructed in a coalescer. Single-factor and response surface experiments were used to study the effects of oleophilic/oleophobic sand mixing ratio, apparent velocity, initial oil concentration, bed thickness, sand particle size on coalescence-separation performance, and to determine the optimal experimental conditions. Employing the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, the agglomeration mechanism of oil droplets within the mixed particle bed was analyzed based on interfacial energy dynamics. Results indicate that the mixing ratio of the two sands significantly influences coalescence separation performance. An optimal oleophilic/oleophobic sand mixing ratio of 1:1 yielded a mass factor of 0.69 kPa−1, showcasing superior coalescence separation efficiency and an optimal balance of separation efficiency and pressure drop. Under the optimal conditions of apparent velocity of 2.7 m/h, initial oil concentration of 471.9 mg/L, bed thickness of 12.6 cm and mixed sand particle size of 0.5 mm, the oil/water separation efficiency reached 98.08 % ± 0.87 %, with effluent oil droplet size being 2.5 to 3 times larger than at the inlet. Analysis of the oil droplet coalescence mechanism revealed a synergistic effect between the two quartz sands, enhancing oil removal performance. The strong affinity of oil to the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sand surface increases oil droplet wetting and coalescence efficiency, while the water attraction on the superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic sand surface forms a stable water film, improving the flux of the continuous water phase and reducing pressure drop across the bed. This study demonstrates that combining quartz sands of opposite wettability not only overcomes the limitations of single-wettability surfaces in coalescing oil removal but also achieves high efficiency and low energy consumption in oil removal.

Simulation-based research on enhancing lubricity: investigating wettability and textured surfaces in alkane lubricants under boundary lubrication conditions.

Changing the wettability and surface texturing have a significant impact on lubrication. In this study, the researchers used the molecular dynamics (MD) method to investigate how adjusting the interaction between alkanes and the wall affects oil film morphology and frictional properties under boundary lubrication. The findings revealed that the bearing capacity was influenced by both the morphology of the oil film and the strength of solid-liquid adsorption. In cases where the walls had weak wettability, the alkanes formed clusters to effectively separate the walls, while in cases where the walls had strong wettability, the oil film spread and formed a strong adsorption film. The super oleophilic textured surface could enhance the oil film adsorption capacity and replenish the oil film to the friction area in time, and the super oleophobic smooth surface could further reduce the friction coefficient. Therefore, a composite surface consisting of a super oleophilic textured surface and a super oleophobic smooth surface can be designed to enhance the bearing capacity of the oil film and reduce friction.

Robust photopolymerized superoleophobic/superhydrophilic mesh for oil-water separation

Selective superwetting surfaces preserve the opposite superwetting properties of oil and water and have attracted considerable attention for their application in oil-water separation owing to their efficient surface energy since 2000. Among these surfaces, superoleophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces are considered remarkable because of their anti-oil properties. The coexistence of superoleophobicity and superhydrophilicity poses a challenge based on the traditional surface/interface theory. However, the fabrication of superoleophobic surfaces requires extremely low surface energy, which is achieved by introducing compounds with long fluorocarbon chains. However, these compounds are harmful to the environment. Herein, a mesh with superoleophobic/superhydrophilic properties was developed by coating a chemically etched copper mesh substrate with photopolymerized short fluorocarbon chains and water-insoluble hydrophilic monomers. This mesh can separate different types of oil-water mixtures with a separation efficiency of >99 %. The mesh demonstrated excellent underwater stability as well as chemical and mechanical durability. The water resistance and chemical durability of the mesh are stronger than those of the control copper mesh using metal ions and long fluorocarbon chains. Moreover, oil-water separation was achieved even after immersion in deionized water and salt, acid, and alkali solutions. In addition, the mesh preserves the ability of oil-water separation after being cleaned and reused for 10 times. The proposed superoleophobic/superhydrophilic mesh offers a solution for continuous oil-water separation and has prospects for developing anti-fouling/sweat-absorbing fabrics and self-cleaning surfaces.

Facile fabrication of polymeric-inorganic hybrid coated membrane with super-hydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic properties for highly efficient crude oil-in-water emulsion separation

The oily wastewater is a huge wastewater stream that can potentially serve as an enormous source of clean water for water reuse applications such as groundwater recharge or irrigation. Given the huge potential of cleaning oily wastewater, we have developed an amino-functionalized nickel oxide nanoparticles coated inorganic-polymeric hybrid membrane with superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties for excellent crude oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion separation potential using a cross-flow filtration system. The use of ceramic alumina (Al2O3) support offers increased chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability while nickel oxide (NiO) decoration equips the membrane with special surface wettability to avoid membrane fouling. Moreover, the amino-functionalized NiO-coated polyamide network (F-NiO/PA) offers an active layer dense enough to separate the oil from water when the surfactant-stabilized crude oil-in-water emulsion was used as feed during separation experiments. Hence fabricated F-NiO/PA@Alumina membrane was studied by using different membrane characterization techniques to explore the features and understand the structure of F-NiO/PA@Alumina membrane. The F-NiO/PA@Alumina membrane possessed a superhydrophilic (water contact angle; θW, A = 0°) and underwater superoleophobic (oil contact angle; θO, W = 161°) surface wettability which is an ideal feature required for O/W emulsion separation. The F-NiO/PA@Alumina membrane demonstrated a high O/W emulsion separation efficiency of >99 % even with crude oil concentrations as high as 200 ppm using a cross-flow filtration system. The stability test of the separation performance of the F-NiO/PA@Alumina membrane also revealed a separation performance of >99 % for the duration of the test using a cross-flow filtration system.

Novel activated biochar-enhanced superhydrophilic nanofibrous membrane for superior oil-in-water emulsion separation

In this research, a high-performance Polyamide 6/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Activated biochar (PA6/PVA/AB) composite nanofibrous membrane was developed for effective separation of oil-in-water emulsions. The membrane was produced by blend electrospinning of Polyamide 6 (PA6), Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), and Activated biochar (AB) derived from peanut shell biomass. Glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking was applied to enhance stability in aqueous environments to prevent PVA swelling. The resulting nanofibrous membrane exhibited a cost-effective design with a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic surface (WCA of 0° and UWOCA of 164°), a porous structure (93% porosity), and robust mechanical properties (Tensile strength: 7.73 MPa, Young modulus: 45 MPa). Optimization of the membrane composition, with 5%wt. PVA and 2%wt. AB relative to the total polymer weight in the electrospinning solution, yielded a superhydrophilic membrane capable of withstanding 2 bar pressure. Pure water flux measurements in the pressure range of 0.5–2 bar demonstrated a high permeability of 1727.5 LMH/bar and a pure water flux of 3455 LMH. The PA6/PVA/AB composite membrane exhibited exceptional performance in separating non-surfactant (NS) and surfactant-stabilized (SS) toluene-in-water emulsions (separation flux: 2006 LMH, oil rejection: 99.52%). Furthermore, it demonstrated high efficiency in the separation of SS oil-in-water emulsions of different types of oil (separation flux >1800 LMH, oil rejection >98%). The membrane's durability and chemical stability were confirmed through 15 cycles of oil-in-water emulsion separation, showcasing anti-fouling properties and reusability (separation flux >833, Oil rejection >97%). Considering its superior performance in oil-in-water emulsion separation and robust reusability, the developed nanofibrous membrane holds significant promise for practical applications.

Fabrication and characterization of durable superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces on stainless steel mesh substrates

Introduction. This study explores the fabrication of durable superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces on stainless steel mesh, inspired by natural structures like lotus leaves. Achieving superoleophobicity, especially with enhanced durability, is challenging due to the lower surface tension of oils. Methodology. This novel technique involves using Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles to create re-entrant structures, low surface energy, and high roughness. This cost-effective approach ensures simplicity without requiring expensive equipment. Results. The resulting surfaces exhibit remarkable superoleophobic properties, with hexadecane and soybean oil contact angles reaching 170° and 163.8°, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy confirms successful fabrication, and wear abrasion tests demonstrate mechanical durability, with contact angles remaining high even after cyclic loading and sandpaper abrasion. Conclusion. This study presents a pioneering, cost-effective method for fabricating durable superoleophobic surfaces on stainless steel mesh. These surfaces hold promise for applications in self-cleaning coatings and oil-repellent materials.

Unprecedented superoleophobicity achieved with fluorinated wrinkle mesoporous silica

Superoleophobic surfaces can be facilely fabricated by utilizing fluoroalkyl-modified wrinkled mesoporous silica (F-WMS). Initially, a hydrophilic wrinkled mesoporous silica (WMS) (average particle size ∼400 nm) with radial pores and narrow silica walls was prepared, and subsequently modified with a fluoroalkylsilane, specifically 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl trimethoxysilane (FAS-17), to impart low surface energy. Preservation of the WMS pore structure was observed even at a 20 mol% FAS-17 feeding ratio; thus, the resulting F-WMS was designated as F20-WMS. An aluminum substrate was coated with an epoxy resin (EP) for adhesion, followed by spray-coating the F20-WMS suspension onto the EP layer. The resulting EP/F20-WMS coating displayed a notably high static water contact angle (CA) of 172.3° and a low roll-off angle (RA) of 1° Notably, the coating exhibited exceptional oil repellency, showcasing a hexadecane CA of 165.1° and an RA of 4.3°, surpassing the performance of most reported superoleophobic coatings. Plotting cos (CAs on EP/F20-WMS) against (CAs on a flat surface coated with FAS-17), utilizing CA data with various liquids (water – dodecane, 72.1 – 25.3 mN/m, respectively), indicated that the liquids were consistently in Cassie states with a contacting fraction of approximately 0.03 between the liquid droplets and the surface. The unprecedented superoleophobicity of EP/F20-WMS was attributed to the extremely low contact fraction and the presence of a re-entrant texture. Moreover, the coatings exhibited exceptional mechanical durability in tape-peeling tests (50 cycles) and achieved the highest adhesion rating (5 B) in cross-cut tests. This superior oleophobicity, coupled with high durability, opens up opportunities for real-life applications necessitating liquid-free surfaces.

Quantifying droplet–solid friction using an atomic force microscope

AbstractControlling the wetting and spreading of microdroplets is key to technologies such as microfluidics, ink‐jet printing, and surface coating. Contact angle goniometry is commonly used to characterize surface wetting by droplets, but the technique is ill‐suited for high contact angles close to . Here, we attach a micrometric‐sized droplet to an atomic force microscope cantilever to directly quantify droplet–solid friction on different surfaces (superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic) with sub‐nanonewton force resolutions. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by performing friction measurements using different liquids (water and oil droplets) and under different ambient environments (in air and underwater). Finally, we show that underwater superoleophobic surfaces can be qualitatively different from superhydrophobic surfaces: droplet–solid friction is highly sensitive to droplet speeds for the former but not for the latter surface.

Constructing green, smart wettability-switchable and antibacterial Caragana cellulose filter by cooperative regulation of texture and surface for on-demand purification of emulsions

The efficient on-demand purification of complex oily emulsions containing multiple pollutants and bacteria by a green filter has always been desired, but also extremely challenging. The abundant and renewable natural cellulose biomass is the best choice for developing green separation materials, but the limited separation capability of raw biomass restricts its application. To resolve this problem, this paper proposed a synergetic texture-surface regulation strategy to improve the liquid-locking ability and amphiphilicity of Caragana cellulose fiber, and thus prepared an intelligent multifunctional filter with an arbitrarily switchable underoil superhydrophobic (WCA = 152.1°) and underwater superoleophobic (OCA = 151.6°) surface. The surface wettability of the filter can be switched randomly by changing the wetting liquid, thus achieving efficient separation of different types of emulsions. As expected, both simulated different oils-in-water and different actual waters-in-oil emulsions, and all types of practical industrial oily complex emulsion sewage were purified by the filter at a high level (separation efficiency: 99.9 %). In addition, the filter can simultaneously remove 99.1 % of the Methylene blue and 98.6 % of the Oil red O in emulsions and has excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli (efficiency: 99.87 %) and S. aureus (efficiency: 99.43 %). The spent filter can be regenerated as an adsorbent capable of dynamically adsorbing 99.9 % of Orange II and 99.8 % of Methylene blue. This study provides a new method to modulate natural renewable cellulose and thus produce a multifunctional separation material for on-demand purification of complex and stubborn emulsions.

Probing the physical origins of droplet friction using a critically damped cantilever.

Previously, we and others have used cantilever-based techniques to measure droplet friction on various surfaces, but typically at low speeds U < 1 mm s-1; at higher speeds, friction measurements become inaccurate because of ringing artefacts. Here, we are able to eliminate the ringing noise using a critically damped cantilever. We measured droplet friction on a superhydrophobic surface over a wide range of speeds U = 10-5-10-1 m s-1 and identified two regimes corresponding to two different physical origins of droplet friction. At low speeds U < 1 cm s-1, the droplet is in contact with the top-most solid (Cassie-Baxter), and friction is dominated by contact-line pinning with Ffric force that is independent of U. In contrast, at high speeds U > 1 cm s-1, the droplet lifts off the surface, and friction is dominated by viscous dissipation in the air layer with Ffric ∝ U2/3 consistent with Landau-Levich-Derjaguin predictions. The same scaling applies for superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces despite their very different surface topographies and chemistries, i.e., the friction scaling law derived here is universal.

Designing effective underwater self-cleaning surfaces by investigating the oil dewetting ability of hydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic Poly(Diisobutyl Glycolide)-Silica composite surfaces

This study introduces composite thin films of amphiphilic structures to fabricate underwater superoleophobic surfaces. The hydrophobic part of the structure is created by poly(diisobutyl glycolide) thanks to a side chain of isobutyl groups, while the hydrophilic component is formed with hydrophilic silica nanoparticles. Poly(diisobutyl glycolide), having a 77° water contact angle, was obtained through ring-opening polymerization of l-diisobutyl glycolide in a bulk medium, resulting in excellent conversion (97.9 %) and narrow polydispersity (1.47), while maintaining the chiral center. The investigation revealed a notable increment in the underwater hexadecane contact angle from 110° to 160° In contrast, the water contact angle exhibited partial constancy in the air environment because of the augmenting silica content. At a silica content reached up to 30 %, the self-cleaning underwater oil-repellent surface was accomplished, attributable to the phenomenon of the underwater Cassie state, which effectively trapped air within the hierarchical rough structure. Moreover, the surface free energy (SFE) of the composite films was evaluated using both the van Oss-Chaudary-Good and Owens-Wendt methods. Notably, the contact angle of underwater hexadecane decreased with the increase of polar interactions as determined by both methods, owing to the influence of the underwater Cassie state of the hierarchical composite surface.

Polyphenol zwitterionic nanohydrogel modified polyvinylidene difluoride membrane for separating oil-in-water emulsions with superior cycle stability

Numerous strategies have been proposed for the superwetting membranes application in the separation of oily wastewater. Here, benefiting from the hydrophilic properties of hydrogel and the adhesive properties of plant polyphenols, we proposed a polyphenol zwitterionic hydrogel coating Poly(DMA-co-SPP) to modify hydrophobic PVDF membranes by a one-step co-deposition method. The polyphenol zwitterionic nanohydrogel, Poly(DMA-co-SPP), were prepared by polymerization of ethanol-aqueous solution. The characterization of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the successful fabrication of the PVDF-Poly(DMA-co-SPP) membrane. The PVDF-Poly(DMA-co-SPP) membranes were designed with superhydrophilic/submerged superoleophobic surfaces, which exhibited excellent oil rejection rate (99%) and flux (2100 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) for up to 30 separation cycles. The experimental results showed that the oil rejection rate (>99%) of iso-octane, dodecane and toluene emulsions was attributed to the low oil adhesion and hydration layer on the PVDF-Poly(DMA-co-SPP) membrane surface. The introduction of hydrogel particles improved the resistance of membranes to chemical and mechanical damage because of the interwoven hydrogen bonding and cross-linked network. This may stimulate advanced research into novel membrane materials for oily wastewater treatment.

Preparation and Performance Study of ZnO Nanorod Array with Anti-Ultraviolet and Superhydrophobic Surface

A two-step low-temperature hydrothermal method was used to construct an aluminum-nickel compound network structure on the substrate surface, followed by a secondary hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorod array. After low surface energy material modification, a superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surface was obtained. The aluminum-nickel compound network structure plays a key guiding role in the growth of ZnO nanorod arrays. The uniformly shaped and densely arranged ZnO nanorod arrays have high roughness and exhibit excellent hydrophobic properties after modification. The surface of the ZnO nanorod array is improved in terms of UV resistance due to the size effect. The effects of hydrothermal reaction temperature, hydrothermal reaction time, hydrothermal reaction pH value, and Zn[Formula: see text] concentration on the surface structure, morphology, and properties of the ZnO nanorod array were also studied.

Facile Fabrication of a Robust Superhydrophilic/Underwater Superoleophobic Material for Oil-Fouling Expulsion.

The reduction of oil fouling in pipes and tanks is essential for the oil storage and transportation industry. In this study, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic surface (SUSS) with high wearability, weatherability, and durability was developed using a facile two-step synthesis method and used to expel fouled oil from the surface using water without a surfactant. Some typical oils, including kerosene and white oil, can be spontaneously expelled by static water; however, rapeseed oil requires motive water for expulsion because of its high affinity for the SUSS. Different occurrences can be estimated based on a correlated parameter, φ(Pe), which is calculated using an introduced dimensionless number, . A positive value of φ indicates the occurrence of fouled-oil expulsion by water replacement, whereas a negative value indicates no occurrence of this phenomenon. This study provides a facile strategy for the rapid cleansing of oil-fouled pipes and tanks without using a detergent, thereby lowering costs and environmental risks.

Cassie's Law Reformulated: Composite Surfaces from Superspreading to Superhydrophobic.

In 1948, Cassie provided an equation describing the wetting of a smooth, heterogeneous surface. He proposed that the cosine of the contact angle, θc, for a droplet on a composite surface could be predicted from a weighted average using the fractional surface areas, fi, of the cosines of contact angles of a droplet on the individual component surfaces, i.e., cos θc = f1 cos θ1 + f2 cos θ2. This was a generalization of an earlier equation for porous materials, which has recently proven fundamental to underpinning the theoretical description of wetting of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces. However, there has been little attention paid to what happens when a liquid exhibits complete wetting on one of the surface components. Here, we show that Cassie's equation can be reformulated using spreading coefficients. This reformulated equation is capable of describing composite surfaces where the individual surface components have negative (droplet state/partial wetting) or positive (film-forming/complete wetting) spreading coefficients. The original Cassie equation is then a special case when the combination of interfacial tensions results in a droplet state on the composite surface for which a contact angle can be defined. In the case of a composite surface created from a partial wetting (droplet state) surface and a complete wetting (film-forming) surface, there is a threshold surface area fraction at which a liquid on the composite surface transitions from a droplet to a film state. The applicability of this equation is demonstrated from literature data including data on mixed self-assembled monolayers on copper, silver, and gold surfaces that was regarded as definitive in establishing the validity of the Cassie equation. Finally, we discuss the implications of these ideas for super-liquid repellent surfaces.

Bioinspired spiderweb-liked protective hydrophobic layer for improving the durability of superhydrophilic/air superoleophobic coatings

Oily wastewater and oil spill have always been a common concern of environmental problems, and superwetting materials are the key to oil-water separation. However, the superwetting material is constantly blocked by oil, which is a crucial obstacle to its practical application. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy to protect the underlying superhydrophilic layer by using a hydrophobic aluminate coupling agent. And we constructed the superhydrophilic layer with cellulose and the superoleophobic surface with FS50-modified rough nanoparticles. Porous ceramics could achieve stable superhydrophilic/air superoleophobic properties through a simple soaking step (modified CM). The advanced and receding contact angles on the modified CM surface were 151.74° and 149.11° for crude oil. The modified CM could maintain the contact angle of oil above 150° at various temperatures, pH values, and abrasion. In the continuous separation process, the flux remained above 1.4 × 104 L m−2 h−1, and the separation efficiency could achieve above 99 % for soybean oil. Besides, the modified CM could also separate oil-in-water emulsion. Further, we proposed the coexistence and fabrication mechanism of superhydrophilic/air superoleophobic interface. This study provides new design ideas for developing durable oil-water separation materials.

Robust Superhydrophilic/Underwater Superoleophobic Surface with Anti-Abrasion and Anti-Corrosion Performances Based on Laser Ablation

Preparing underwater superoleophobic surface is an effective method to solve the problems of oil adhesion on the underwater surfaces and oil spill in water. However, the underwater superoleophobic surfaces at present are not reliable in practical application due to their poor stability under corrosion and abrasion. Herein, we proposed a facile method to fabricate a robust superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic surface. The surface is combined with micro honeycomb frame structure and nanostructure, which was fabricated by laser ablation. The surface with the honeycomb pattern shows strong hydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 0° and stable underwater oil repellency with an underwater oil contact angle of 164.9°. Furthermore, it can maintain its excellent underwater superoleophobic performance after 120 cycles of abrasion and corrosion of 6 h at pH = 1–14.