Superior Degree Research Articles

Multi-view Traffic Flow Prediction Model Based on Spatiotemporal Convolution

Predicting traffic flow has always been a significant task in intelligent transportation systems. Due to the substantial temporal and spatial dependencies of traffic flow sequences, accurately predicting traffic flow poses a considerable challenge. Many existing works primarily rely on recurrent neural networks, graph neural networks, and Transformer models to establish traffic flow prediction models. To better extract features and enhance efficiency, a traffic flow prediction model based on multi-view spatiotemporal convolution (MVSC) is proposed. This model learns the representation of sequence data at the input encoding layer and incorporates location and time information. In the spatiotemporal feature representation learning layer, considering the diverse periodic patterns in sequences, several representation learning modules are designed, conducting local spatiotemporal feature exploration through one-dimensional convolution and then accomplishing global spatiotemporal feature mining based on causal convolution. To further enhance the model's utilization of spatiotemporal features, a channel attention mechanism is introduced at the prediction layer. The forecasting method employed in the study is direct multistep, and subsequent experiments conducted on two real datasets demonstrate that the MVSC model exhibits a certain degree of superiority in MAE, RMSE, and MAPE for both short-term and long-term predictions compared to existing models. And through the latest experiments and investigations, it has been found that MVSC has improved MAPE performance by about 1.2% compared to recent models such as RTGCN and STRGCN, achieving the intended outcomes.

Mutual Causality Between Urban Transport Superiority Degree and Urban Land Use Efficiency: Insights from County Cities in Gansu Province Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Exploring the coupled coordination and interaction between urban transport superiority degree (UTSD) and urban land use efficiency (ULUE) is the key to promoting efficient land use in cities and coordinated development. This paper adopts the improved UTSD model, super-efficiency slack-based measure–undesirable output model, coupling coordination degree model (CCDM), panel Granger causality test, random forest model, and the mixed geographically and temporally weighted regression model to reveal the spatial and temporal evolution and coupling characteristics of UTSD and ULUE in Gansu from 2005 to 2020 and to validate and explore the interaction mechanism between UTSD and ULUE. The results show that (1), from 2005 to 2020, the average UTSD in Gansu increased from 0.56 to 1.01 and the Belt and Road Initiative accelerated the construction of the transportation network in Gansu. The average ULUE increased from 0.52 to 0.62; the spatial distribution of ULUE was high in the west and north and low in the east and south. (2) From 2005 to 2020, the average CCDM of UTSD and ULUE in Gansu increased from slightly unbalanced (0.37) to slightly balanced (0.52). A spatially high UTSD and high ULUE agglomeration area can be found along the transportation arteries. (3) The UTSD and ULUE were mutually causal, with the degree of transportation arterial influence degree being the strongest driver of ULUE among the components of UTSD (30.41% contribution) and tax revenue being the strongest driver of UTSD among the components of ULUE (15.10% contribution). Overall, the connotation of ULUE puts forward the demand for improving the transportation infrastructure and, at the same time, provides the guarantee for UTSD upgrading, which in turn affects the ULUE. In the future, the Xinan region of Gansu should prioritize planning and construction of a transportation network. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the construction of transportation networks and the efficient use of urban land in Gansu and other regions.

Multi-line laser 3D reconstruction method based on spatial quadric surface and geometric estimation

The traditional multi-line laser 3D reconstruction is based on binocular epipolar constraints and the equation of the laser optical plane. Firstly, matching points are identified based on the epipolar constraints. Then, the correct matching points are selected based on the optical plane equation of the multi-line laser. Finally, 3D reconstruction is performed using the selected matching points. In actual production processes involving multi-line lasers, noticeable distortion occurs due to the projection of Diffractive Optical Elements (DOE) at a large angle. This results in curved laser light planes and curved reflections on the measured objects. Under such circumstances, efficiently screening matching points using the traditional method based on the laser plane equation becomes challenging. Additionally, inherent noise in multi-line laser systems introduces errors in extracted laser center coordinates, making it impossible to directly obtain high-precision 3D data. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method that utilizes spatial quadric surfaces and geometric estimation for completing multi-line laser 3D reconstructions. By analyzing the distortion principle of DOE and the positional relationship after optical diffraction, the multi-line laser manifests as a quadric surface on the optical output plane. Consequently, by calibrating the equations of the quadric surface and applying binocular polar constraints, suitable matching points for the multi-line laser can be chosen. Once an accurate matching point is identified, a minimum geometric distance estimation can be established based on the distance constraint between the point and its corresponding epipolar line. This distance represents the separation between the left and right camera’s laser center points and their respective epipolar lines. Utilizing this estimate of the minimum geometric distance, a refined calculation can be performed to better satisfy epipolar constraints and obtain new matching points. Ultimately, utilizing these new matching points enables the completion of 3D reconstruction for multi-line lasers. In comparison with methods relying on spatial plane and epipolar constraints, our algorithm exhibits a superior degree of matchability and accuracy.According to multiple groups of test data, the average error before optimization is 0.3126 mm, and can be increased to 0.0336 mm after optimization.

Aggregate uniformity of recycled asphalt mixtures with RAP from refined decomposition process: Comparison with routine crushing method

In consideration of skyrocketing price in pavement materials and ever-increasing attention to environment preservation, the utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) into asphalt mixtures has gained more and more favor. However, the uniformity of virgin and RAP aggregate in recycled asphalt mixtures (RAM) has not yet been studied due to the difficulty in informational extraction of multi-structures. To address this, white dolomite was used as virgin aggregate to be distinguished from RAP aggregate based on their color difference. The shear gyratory compactor specimens of RAM were prepared and saw-cut, and then meso-structures including virgin aggregate, RAP aggregate and asphalt mortar were extracted using digital image processing (DIP) technology. The DIP processes mainly involved retention of blue channel for image graying, newly proposed double-threshold OTSU method for image segmentation and image morphology processing. The aggregate uniformity index (AUI) was proposed based on the coefficient of variation of aggregate area ratio. The influences of RAP that were pre-processed by refined decomposition (RD) and routine crushing (RC) and its content on the aggregate uniformity were evaluated. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the improved DIP approach, as evidenced by the maximum mean absolute error between laboratory-measured and image-estimated gradation that is lower than 7.8 %. The addition of RAP into asphalt mixtures is adverse to the aggregate uniformity. The higher the RAP content, the inferior the aggregate uniformity of RAM, which attributes to the agglomeration of RAP materials. RAP agglomeration leads to the heterogeneity of RAP aggregate and thus dominates the heterogeneity of the whole aggregate. Therefore, the aggregate uniformity of RAM produced by RD-RAP is superior to that produced by RC-RAP. The superior degree is 9 %.

Accuracy of ultrasound TIRADS classification for the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid lesions taking Bethesda classification as gold standard

AbstractBackgroundThe TIRADS classification system is commonly used in ultrasound imaging to evaluate the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules, but there is still debate about its accuracy. The BSRTC categorizes FNA biopsy results to determine the likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules, and this remains the gold standard for diagnosis.MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional study design conducted in the Radiology Department of Chughtai Lab Head Office in Lahore. This study assessed 154 patients with thyroid nodules. The ultrasound equipment used for the study is the Toshiba Applio 500 model, while the equipment for FNAC included topical anesthesia, 21-gauge 10 CC syringes, glass slides, cell block, and the Olympus CX23 microscope. The sampling technique employed is the consecutive sampling technique.ResultsOut of 154 patients, the mean age was 42.0 ± 13.6 years. Majority were female (89%) while 11% are male. The P-value of <0.0001 suggests a statistically significant association between TIRADS and Bethesda categories. The findings suggested that ultrasonography is a highly reliable and effective method for diagnosis, with a superior degree of sensitivity and specificity in addition to invasive cytology tests. Results from the ROC curve analysis showed an impressive area under the curve of 0.972. The sonographic features show significant associations with TIRADS categories (P-value <0.0001). The association between TIRADS suspiciousness and Bethesda diagnosis is statistically significant (P-value <0.0001). Benign nodules were most commonly classified as not suspicious (56.5%), followed by mildly suspicious (9.7%), while malignant nodules were primarily classified as highly suspicious (11.0%). Notably, no malignant nodules were categorized as benign.ConclusionHealthcare professionals may consider utilizing TIRADS as a first-line imaging method and then BETHESDA if needed to provide patients with the most accurate results and minimize unwanted interventional exposure. Combining these two scoring methods appears to yield the most precise outcomes for identifying and distinguishing benign from malignant nodules, which is critical for arriving at a definitive diagnosis in individuals with thyroid malignancies.

Impact of transport superiority on ecosystem health in arid regions: A case study of southern Xinjiang, China

The increasingly improved transportation infrastructure network is the prerequisite and foundation for driving regional development. Scientifically investigating the mechanisms by which the transport superiority degree (TSD) in arid regions affects the health of ecosystems holds significant practical value and importance for ecosystem protection and regional sustainable development. This study investigates the impact of the TSD on the Ecosystem Health Levels (EHL) in Southern Xinjiang, China, an area characterized by its arid climate and ecological vulnerability. Arid regions, such as Southern Xinjiang, often face unique ecological challenges, including water scarcity, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss, which can be exacerbated by human activities including transportation infrastructure development. By leveraging multi-source remote sensing data, this research aims to uncover the intricate dynamics between TSD and EHL in such a fragile ecological context. The findings of this study are critical for understanding the balance between infrastructural development and environmental conservation in arid regions and provide valuable insights for sustainable planning and policy-making in similar ecological settings. The research results show the following: (1) Over the study period, county-scale TSD in southern Xinjiang generally increased, while the conditions of EHL deteriorated, with higher EHL in the eastern counties than in the western counties. (2) Bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals a significant spatial dependency between county-scale TSD and EHL, with primary relationship types being LH (Low TSD − High EHL) and HL (High TSD − Low EHL). (3) Spatial regression model results indicate that an increase in TSD leads to the deterioration of county-scale EHL, and during the study period, it was observed that the interference of TSD on EHL gradually weakened.

The Evolution and Economic and Social Effects of the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Transport Superiority Degree in Southern Xinjiang, China

Transportation significantly influences economically underdeveloped arid regions, impacting economic growth and social progress. Analyzing Transport Superiority Degree (TSD) and its implications in such regions is crucial. A new arid region-specific evaluation framework addresses traditional limitations by considering indicators like route connectivity and desert interference. This article conducts an empirical study using Southern Xinjiang as a research case. It combines comprehensive evaluation methods, spatial autocorrelation methods, spatial Durbin models, and coupling coordination models to depict Transport Support Capability (TSC), Transport Access Capacity (TAC), and Transport Guarantee Capacity (TGC) at different scales in Southern Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020. The study reveals spatial patterns, evolutionary characteristics, economic impacts, and social effects of TSD at various scales. Key findings include: (1) Rapid expansion of transportation infrastructure in Southern Xinjiang. The levels of TSD at different scales have gradually increased, and spatial and temporal pattern differences are evident. At the county level, TSD forms a “core-periphery” spatial pattern centered around the Southern Xinjiang Railway, with “high-high” agglomeration areas centered around Kashgar city and “low-low” agglomeration areas centered around Qiemo County. (2) Prefectural-level TSD improvements have limited impacts on regional development, while county-level TSC, TAC, TGC, and TSD positively affect economic and social growth but also exhibit competitive effects. (3) TSD is transitioning from non-coordinated to coordinated development with economic and social progress at different scales. This research informs transportation facility evaluation in arid regions.

A Systematic Review of Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CA-CBT) for Anxiety Disorders in Southeast Asia

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been proven an effective treatment for anxiety disorders. However, CBT still dominantly uses concepts and constructs rooted in Western cultures, and most research focuses on Western populations. It is unsure how this translates to non-Western cultures like Southeast Asia. Our objective is to explore which types of cultural adaptations in CBT have been implemented for anxiety disorders in Southeast Asia and their effectiveness. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CENTRAL, GARUDA, and Google Scholar for CA-CBT for anxiety disorders in local communities in Southeast Asian countries. Data were analyzed using a narrative approach distinguishing between peripheral and core component adaptations. PROSPERO database preregistration number was CRD42022336376. Seven studies (one randomized controlled trial, three quasi-experimental studies, and three case reports) were selected. Two studies made cultural adaptations in multiple components. Two studies modified core treatment components by incorporating local values in the CBT restructuring process. Three studies conducted cultural adaptation on peripheral treatment components: adaptation to materials and semantics, cultural examples and themes, and session structure. Three studies did not provide detailed information. One RCT study showed better improvement for those who got CA-CBT than those in treatment as usual (TAU). The findings suggest some components to consider when conducting cultural adaptation. We could not establish the degree of superiority of CA-CBT over non-CA-CBT nor identify components with the most influence due to the limited number of studies found. Employing standard documentation in reporting trials is also important to increase transparency.

Effect of a synthetic hydroxyapatite-based bone grafting material compared to established bone substitute materials on regeneration of critical-size bone defects in the ovine scapula.

Lately, the potential risk of disease transmission due to the use of bovine-derived bone substitutes has become obvious, demonstrating the urgent need for a synthetic grafting material with comparable bioactive behaviour and properties. Therefore, the effect of a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) (Osbone®) bone grafting material on bone regeneration was evaluated 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after implantation in critical-size bone defects in the ovine scapula and compared to that of a bovine-derived HA (Bio-Oss®) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Cerasorb® M). New bone formation and the biodegradability of the bone substitutes were assessed histomorphometrically. Hard tissue histology and immunohistochemical analysis were employed to characterize collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, as well as bone sialoprotein expression in the various cell and matrix components of the bone tissue to evaluate the bioactive properties of the bone grafting materials. No inflammatory tissue response was detected with any of the bone substitute materials studied. After 3 and 6 months, β-TCP (Cerasorb® M) showed superior bone formation when compared to both HA-based materials (3 months: β-TCP 55.65 ± 2.03% vs. SHA 49.05 ± 3.84% and BHA 47.59 ± 1.97%; p ≤ 0.03; 6 months: β-TCP 62.03 ± 1.58%; SHA: 55.83 ± 2.59%; BHA: 53.44 ± 0.78%; p ≤ 0.04). Further, after 12 and 18 months, a similar degree of bone formation and bone-particle contact was noted for all three bone substitute materials without any significant differences. The synthetic HA supported new bone formation, osteogenic marker expression, matrix mineralization and good bone-bonding behaviour to an equal and even slightly superior degree compared to the bovine-derived HA. As a result, synthetic HA can be regarded as a valuable alternative to the bovine-derived HA without the potential risk of disease transmission.

Research on the digital protection and three-dimensional modeling technology of ancient buildings

Abstract The starting point of ancient architecture digitization and 3D reconstruction research is data acquisition. Thus, this paper mainly analyzes the processing of 3D laser scanning data and the construction accuracy of 3D reconstruction models of ancient buildings based on point cloud data. This paper discusses the basic theory of point cloud data and the preprocessing of point cloud data, including point cloud splicing, point cloud denoising, point cloud streamlining, point cloud segmentation, and other methods and applicability are discussed in detail. The boundary extraction algorithm based on RANSAC and the graph cut algorithm are utilized to obtain the main frame line of the building, and a proposed method for reconstruction based on multi-view projection is proposed. Classify laser point cloud samples from ancient buildings, calculate each wall color’s R, G, and B values, and obtain preliminary classifications of laser point cloud data categories. The RANSAC algorithm was used to extract the point cloud data plane extraction peak of the ancient tower building, combined with the three-dimensional modeling coordinate difference of the test points, to analyze the accuracy of the three-dimensional modeling technology of ancient buildings in this paper. The number of plane extraction points of the RANSAC algorithm is 9504, and the standard deviation is 0.0505, which is close to 0. The results are more accurate, and the extraction effect has a certain degree of superiority. The plane coordinate deviation of the reconstruction model of the ancient tower is mainly concentrated in the range of 0.10~0.40m, and the individual coordinate difference is more than 0.10m. The errors in the x -direction and y -direction are ±0.18m and ±0.23m, respectively, and it can be seen from the results of the error calculation that the three-dimensional reconstruction plan of the building proposed in this paper can complete the reconstruction of the three-dimensional model of the building with a high degree of accuracy.

Study on evaluation model of traffic superiority degree in Yunnan Province

Transportation is the leading force in the development of tourism industry, and the steady growth of tourism economy plays a certain role in supporting and guaranteeing the development of transportation industry, and the two support and progress each other. However, Yunnan Province is facing a situation where the overall development of tourism economy and transportation facilities is good, but the development of transportation and tourism economy differs greatly among different prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures. Therefore, the evolution process, spatial distribution characteristics and the level and type of coupling and coordinated development of transportation and tourism economy in different prefecture-level cities and autonomous prefectures in Yunnan Province are analyzed. It is of great significance to grasp the inner law of the development of transportation and tourism economy between different regions and promote the coordinated development between regions. This paper evaluates and analyzes the spatio-temporal changes of traffic facility network density, trunk impact degree and location advantage degree in Yunnan Province, and evaluates the spatio-temporal changes of traffic advantage degree in Yunnan province with the comprehensive index weighted by the three.

Backstepping Sliding Mode Control Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Fractional-Order Theory

Aiming at the problems of slow convergence speed and low tracking accuracy in attitude control and position tracking of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper combines the fractional-order calculus theory with the backstepping sliding mode control algorithm, using the backstepping control to compensate for the nonlinearity of the system and the fractional-order theory to eliminate the jitter brought about by the sliding mode control, and proposes a new fractional-order backstepping sliding mode control strategy for the trajectory tracking control of the quadrotor UAV. The proposed fractional-order sliding mode surface increases the control flexibility and improves the robustness and anti-interference ability of the system to some extent. The stability analysis of the system is carried out using the Lyapunov stability theory, and the results prove the stability of the proposed controller. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the traditional backstepping sliding mode controller. The simulation results show that the fractional-order reverse-step sliding mode control algorithm proposed in this paper is significantly better than other control algorithms in terms of convergence speed and also has a certain degree of superiority in terms of error elimination.

Studying the effect of heterosis and predicting the prospects of hybrid spring wheat populations in breeding for productivity and drought resistance

Background. In combination breeding, information about the degree of superiority of hybrids in productivity and drought resistance over their parents in early generations, as well as the possibility of preserving their advantages in subsequent generations, are of great practical interest.Materials and methods. In 2018–2021, 16 hybrid populations of spring bread wheat of the 1st through 4th generations, obtained from intraspecific crosses among parent cultivars, were studied at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast. The hybrids and their parents were tested in the field for productivity and in the laboratory for drought resistance. Inheritance types were determined by the degree of phenotypic dominance of plant characters. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using correlation and variance analyses.Results. Hybrids that demonstrated heterosis in the number of grains per ear had an advantage on this basis in subsequent generations. The inheritance type of the 1000 grain weight did not determine the level of this character in older generation hybrids. There was a change in the type of inheritance for the number of radicles during the transition from normal to stressful conditions. Hybrids that showed heterosis in seedling weight in the control and the experiment were distinguished by higher rates in subsequent generations. A significant negative correlation was found between grain yield and the number of radicles formed with a lack of moisture, and a positive correlation between grain yield and the weight of seedlings. Seven promising hybrid combinations fusing productivity with drought resistance were identified.Conclusion. The analysis of hybrids from early generations according to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the number of grains per ear and number of radicles in the experiment, and the weight of seedlings in the control and the experiment can be quite informative for use in breeding programs.

Use of PBL as a teaching innovation methodology in University Nursing Studies in Spain

Abstract Health Sciences have undergone a great transformation. University degrees such as Nursing, in its adaptation to the Bologna Plan, have seen how their studies went from a purely mechanistic conception (Haidar Torres, 2015), as surgeon assistants, to the establishment of a university superior Degree where the students must develop and acquire a series of competencies and knowledge that are considered necessary for their future development as professionals.

Hesitant triangular fuzzy FlowSort method: the multi-criteria decision-making problems

Multi-criteria sorting problems have gained significant importance across various fields. However, when experts express their opinions using linguistic terms and quantitative evaluation criteria are not feasible, the fuzzy set theory proves to be a suitable framework. Moreover, in such scenarios, the use of hesitant fuzzy sets becomes necessary because each criterion might have multiple values compared with other alternatives. This paper introduces a novel method called Hesitant Triangular Fuzzy Sorting (HTFFS), which is a variation of the fuzzy FlowSort method based on the preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE). The HTFFS method incorporates the theory of fuzzy sets and establishes theoretical foundations for calculating the degree of superiority of each alternative over others. This calculation uses mathematical operators specifically designed for uncertain fuzzy sets and uncertain triangular fuzzy numbers. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed HTFFS method, two numerical examples are presented. The results obtained from these examples showcase the applicability and validity of the HTFFS method in handling multi-criteria sorting problems.

Assessment of the knowledge versus the assessment of the competences of public officers with special status and of the carabiniers from the framework of MIA

Knowledge itself is not of much use to civil servants with special status and carabineers within the MIA, whi-le competences, having an essential degree of superiority compared to knowledge, give them the opportunity to prove in practice if they are able to act according to their abilities. From this perspective, the application of the process of evaluating the quality of the staff within the MIA, on the dimension of professional training, is more re-levant and more objective, specifically in relation to skills. Such an approach to evaluation processes will certainly contribute to increasing the level of professional performance of the MIA staff, a fact that will generate sufficient security for the beneficiaries, and citizens’ satisfaction with the quality of the MIA staff will reach expected rates.

Improving MODIS Precipitable water vapour in mainland China based on the LSF model

Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) measurements derived from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) exhibit considerable promise for global high-resolution PWV monitoring but with limited accuracy. This study proposes a correction model for MODIS PWV, leveraging the least squares method (LS) and fast Fourier transform (FFT). The study used Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PWV products (the accuracy is equivalent to Radiosonde-derived PWV) from 230 stations provided by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) for 2016 to 2019, serving as the ground truth for correcting MODIS PWV. Subsequently, the model undergoes an external coincidence test utilising the data from 2020. Initially, a linear or quadratic expression (LS model) was established through the application of the least squares method, effectively capturing the trends between the two PWV datasets. Then the periodic characteristics of residuals from the LS model were analysed by FFT. The outcomes reveal that within regions and seasons abundant in PWV, the quadratic expression is more consistent with the trend. The primary variation period of residuals exhibits variability across regions, with the annual period emerging as the primary fluctuation pattern in the majority of regions. Following this, we constructed the correction model (LSF model) that considered the cycle characteristics of residuals with the model type adopted for the LS model as the main part. After correction by the LSF model, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of MODIS PWV decreased by 33.1%, 55.8%, 33.0%, and 19.4% in four seasons, respectively. Compared to the LS model, the LSF model showcased relative enhancements of the coefficient of determinations (R2) by 119.8%, 99.6%, 165.9%, and 39.6% in the four seasons, respectively, with an overall further decrease of 35.7% in RMSE. The LSF model demonstrates a superior degree of fitting and yields improved correction effects, thus effectively enhancing the reliability of MODIS PWV.

Brain Tumor Detection using Convolutional Neural Network

Brain Tumor Detection is one of the maximum important and worrying tasks in the discipline of scientific picture processing, as human-assisted manual type can result in erroneous prediction and prognosis. Brain tumors have excessive range in size and appearance and at instances there's a similarity among tumor and normal tissues and therefore the extraction of tumor areas from MRI scanned pictures turns into unyielding. Tumor can be diagnosed by the use of medical imaging techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the disadvantage is that it can't stumble on tumors which are underneath 3 mm length. To address with this a massive dataset must be surpassed to teach the version to be more correct and efficient. Photo segmentation is a totally essential and critical step in picture processing which determines the achievement of superior degree of picture processing. The contemporary scenario provides structures that come across brain tumors, but handiest use small datasets and photo processing strategies and their accuracy is relatively low as in scientific subject we ought to have peek accuracy. To tackle this, we proposed a way to extract brain tumor from Magnetic Resonance brain pictures (MRI) by way of Fuzzy C-manner clustering algorithm which changed into observed with the aid of traditional classifiers and convolutional neural network.

The Impact of Industry-Adjusted Profitability and S-Curve Targeted Industry on Capital Structure: Evidence from Thailand

This study examines the impact of industry-adjusted profitability and S-curve targeted industries under an innovation-driven economy on firms’ capital structures in Thailand. The results demonstrate that a superior degree of industry-adjusted profitability reduces the need for debt financing. Within the industry, franchise and harvest firms with sufficient earnings have a lower debt overhang than under-performing firms. Furthermore, the S-curve targeted industries, which typically use debt to finance their expensive investments, appear to use fewer loans when they feel pressured by the investment support policy to intensify research and development (R&D) activities. Overall, in the emerging market geared toward a new economic roadmap, firms’ capital structures are shaped by competitive performance as well as industry and policy forces.

The Spatial Mismatch between Tourism Resources and Economic Development in Mountainous Cities Impacted by Limited Highway Accessibility: A Typical Case Study of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China

We studied the misalignment between tourism resources and economic development in mountainous cities in the context of limited highway network accessibility. Using Lhasa City as a case study, we illustrated how to evaluate tourism resources and economic development and how to improve tourism resources and promote economic development. The tourism resources possessed by tourism destinations are prerequisites for tourism activities. This study focuses on the coupling coordination relationship between the degree of superiority in tourism resources and the level of economic development in Lhasa City. Data from Lhasa City in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were compared to explore a way of optimizing the spatial pattern of tourism development. The results of this study are as follows. (1) As a typical mountainous area on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the accessibility of Lhasa’s mountainous area largely influences the choice of tourist destinations and is also an important indicator for evaluating the degree of tourism resource superiority. (2) On the whole, the economic development of Lhasa City and the degree of tourism resource superiority is not coordinated, mainly in the low coupling coordination stage, and with the passage of time, the degree of coupling coordination gradually becomes weaker. (3) If a town has advantageous tourism resources with slow economic development, it is easy to fall into the “resource curse” dilemma. In addition, if a town has poor tourism resources, it will be reduced to an outflow area of population and resources after leaving the investment drive, and easy to fall into the dilemma of the “poverty trap”.