Supercapacitor Energy Storage Research Articles

Cooperative game-based energy storage planning for wind power cluster aggregation station

It is possible to cut down the investment costs in energy storage and enhance the utilization of energy storage by planning the shared energy storage in the wind farm collection station to replace the dispersed energy storage of each wind farm. Considering the cluster complementary effects of multiple wind farms, this article proposes a cooperative game-based plan for the hybrid energy storage of battery and supercapacitor in the wind power cluster. Firstly, charging and discharging strategy for batteries follows the peak shaving and valley filling approach, while the strategy for supercapacitors aims to flatten power fluctuations and track power generation plans. Then, a dual-layer planning model for the shared energy storage station is established, and evaluation indicators for the energy storage configuration results are constructed. Finally, based on the improved Shapley value method, the profits of each wind farm are allocated, and the impact of energy storage investment costs on the results is analyzed. The case study results demonstrate that under this cooperative scheme, not only can the real-time output deviation of wind power be reduced, but also the investment costs of wind farms in energy storage systems can be reduced.

Investigating the electrochemical performance of MnSe-supported SrZrO3 perovskite oxide nanocomposite as an electrode material for supercapacitor

Currently, the advancement in energy storage technology is a worldwide-based vital challenge, so researchers focused on the development and design of promising electrode materials for energy storage equipment. Perovskite oxide and transition metal selenide nanocomposites can achieve better cycle stability, efficient electric conductivity, high capacity, excellent redox reaction, and inattentive flexibility as electrode materials for energy storage devices and supercapacitor applications. Herein, we present the designed, fabricated, and electrochemical properties of MnSe-supported SrZrO3 nanocomposite via the Pechini method that exhibited more efficient capacitive performance than pristine SrZrO3 and MnSe. The result of electrochemical testing indicates that the SrZrO3–MnSe nanocomposite electrode possessed a battery-type pseudocapacitive nature and displayed a boosted specific capacitance of 1204 Fg-1 at a 5 mV/s scan rate in aqueous 1 M KOH solution under a three-electrode setup and maintained 95.2% retention after 3000th cycles. It also showed a higher electrochemical active surface area (1680.5 cm2), higher energy density (40 Wh/Kg), long-term cyclic stability performance, and enhanced rate capability compared to other prepared products. As a result, these findings have shown that SrZrO3–MnSe nanocomposite can be considered as potential electrode materials and might have emerging applications in commercial products for energy storage devices and supercapacitors.

Evaluating consumer 3D printing nozzles as a low cost alternative for mesophase pitch-derived carbon fiber production

Synthetic fibers, such as Kevlar fibers, SiC fibers, and carbon fibers, are essential components for constructing high performance structures. Whether for engineering, sports, energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), or aerospace applications, fiber microstructure plays a critical role in fiber properties and functionalities. However, studying fiber nozzle configurations and spinning parameters to achieve the desired microstructure remains challenging, costly, and time consuming. Here, mesophase pitch-derived fibers were used as an example to demonstrate that low cost, commercially available 3D printer nozzles can “print” fibers. Four different nozzles were used to “print” fibers and the effects of their features on fiber properties were observed and compared to other lab spun and commercial pitch-derived CF. A longer orifice length resulted in higher modulus fiber whereas a larger draw-down ratio yielded a stronger fiber. The findings provide a new opportunity for 3D printer hardware application and open opportunities for developing low-cost fibers.

Plasma-Treated Cobalt-Doped Nanoporous Graphene for Advanced Electrochemical Applications

Metal–carbon nanocomposites are identified as key contenders for enhancing water splitting through the oxygen evolution reaction and boosting supercapacitor energy storage capacitances. This study utilizes plasma treatment to transform natural graphite into nanoporous few-layer graphene, followed by additional milling and plasma steps to synthesize a cobalt–graphene nanocomposite. Comprehensive structural characterization was conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, gas sorption analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical evaluations further assessed the materials’ oxygen evolution reaction and supercapacitor performance. Although the specific surface area of the nanoporous carbon decreases from 780 to 480 m2/g in the transition to the resulting nanocomposite, it maintains its nanoporous structure and delivers a competitive electrochemical performance, as evidenced by an overpotential of 290 mV and a Tafel slope of 110 mV/dec. This demonstrates the efficacy of plasma treatment in the surface functionalization of carbon-based materials, highlighting its potential for large-scale chemical-free application due to its environmental friendliness and scalability, paving the way toward future applications.

Advancements in Olive-derived Carbon: Preparation Methods and Sustainable Applications.

In the realm of material science, carbon materials, especially olive-derived carbon (ODC), have become vital due to their sustainability and diverse properties. This review examines the sustainable extraction and use of ODC, a carbohydrate-rich by-product of olive biomass. We focus on innovative preparation techniques like pyrolysis, which are crucial forenhancing ODC's microstructure and surface properties. Variables such as activating agents, impregnation ratios, and pyrolysis conditions significantly influence these properties. ODC's high specific surface area renders it invaluable for applications in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and environmental sectors (water purification, hydrogen storage). Its versatility and accessibility underscore its potential for broad industrial use, makingit as a key element in sustainable development. This review provides a detailed analysis of ODC preparation methodologies, its various applications, and its role in advancing sustainable energy solutions. We highlight the novelty of ODC research and its impact on future studies, establishing this review as a crucial resource for researchers and practitioners in sustainable carbon materials. As global focus shifts towards eco-friendly solutions, ODC emerges as a critical component in shaping a sustainable, innovation-driven future.

Construction of a nanostructured NiCo2S4/Ni/Ni9S8 composite for energy storage applications

It is necessary to investigate and develop nickel-cobalt sulfide electrodes with superior electrochemical behavior. This work produced the NiCo2S4/Ni/Ni9S8 nanostructure composite (NCS/N/NS) for energy storage in supercapacitors using a solvothermal technique with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a carbon source, followed by an hour of annealing in an argon atmosphere, and a hydrothermal method with thiourea as a sulfur and nitrogen source. Outstanding electrochemical energy storage properties are provided by NCS/N/NS. The produced electrode material, NCS/N/NS, demonstrated an exceptional capacitance of 1620 F g−1 (696 C g−1) at 1 A g−1 when employed for SCs. An NCS/N/NS was used as the positively charged electrode and the opposite electrode of commercial AC to build an NCS/N/NS//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric device for practical usage. At 1 A g−1, the asymmetric device produced a specific power of 887 W kg−1 and a unique specific energy of 53 Wh kg−1. Moreover, it exhibits a 100% coulombic efficacy and a 95% capacity retention after 3000 cycles, respectively.

Dielectric, electric, and magnetic response of modified bismuth ferrite-based double perovskites for NTC-thermistor application

Owing to the variation of the characteristics due to the cationic substitution of diverse elements at both A and B sites, the new polycrystalline double perovskite BaBiFeMnO6, synthesized via a cost-efficient solid-state reaction route. Initial structural refinement by Rietveld analysis reveals material crystallised in dual phases i.e. monoclinic and orthorhombic. The respective cell parameters for monoclinic as well as orthorhombic phases are a = 5.5881 Å, b = 5.6541 Å, c = 7.9186 Å with cell angles α = γ = 900 and β = 89.90810 and a = 5.4807Å, b = 5.3583Å, c = 7.4045Å and refined angles are α = β = γ = 900 respectively. The microstructural interpretation of the present sample reflects a non-uniform distribution of the grains with an average grain size of 2.97 μm with a mean crystalline size of 342.65 nm. The Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) graph indicated that the sample belongs to the perovskite family. The impedance measurement was carried out in a selected frequency and an assigned temperature range to investigate the electrical features of the material which suggested the non-Debye type relaxation and negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR). Furthermore, the thermistor constant (β) and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) contributed to investigating the NTCR characteristic of the sample under NTC-type thermistor applications. The room temperature dielectric constant is 1707.67 with a minimal tangent loss of 0.7069 at 100Hz frequency has been estimated by fitting the dielectric data by utilizing the Havrilliak-Negami function. The polarization (P) induced due to the maximum applied electric field of 1.287 kV is studied from the hysteresis loop plotted between them. The hysteresis loop indicates the ferroelectric property of the material with a lossy nature. The room temperature remnant magnetization (2Mr) of 0.4424 emu/g and coercivity (2Hc) of 6.2 kOe have been estimated from the M ∼ H loop. The potentiality of the material to be used as a viable candidate in various energy storage devices and supercapacitors is suggested by all of the characterisations in conjunction with the high value of εr i.e. ∼80000 at 300 °C for the lower frequency.

Polylactic acid-based plastic activated NiAl2O4 nanoparticles as highly active positive electrode materials for energy storage supercapacitor.

A simple, low-cost, and environmentally benign process for synthesizing nanostructured NiO/NiAl2O4 on multiple kinds of carbon nanostructures (CNS) is presented. This method develops polylactic acid (PLA) based waste plastic materials for the producing CNS. These composites (NiO@NiAl2O4/CNS) were examined as potential electrodes in supercapacitors (SC) as they exhibit good charge/discharge reversibility and provide adequate specific capacitance values with a maximum being 1984 F/g at 0.5 A g-1. It is noteworthy that the cycling stability of this sample at 10 A g-1 maintained 101.7% of its initial capacity even after 5000 GCD cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was built and analyzed, with NiO@NiAl2O4/CNS serving as the cathode and activated carbon serving as the anode of the device. The concluded device has an energy density of 58 Wh kg-1 with a power density of 986 W kg-1 and a SCs of 216.5 F/g. The results showed that the materials mentioned are a great option to use as electrode materials in applications involving the storage of energy.

Power Advance Prediction to Improve the Energy Utilization Efficiency of Motor-Driven System Considering Multilink Time-Delay

In the motor-driven system, the utilization of a supercapacitor energy storage unit contributes to energy saving. However, the multi-link time-delay in the system makes the supercapacitor unable to immediately track and respond to the sharp change of motor power. This will cause the large DC bus voltage fluctuation, the peak current at the power grid side, and unnecessary energy loss. In this paper, a power advance prediction control strategy considering multi-link time-delay is proposed. The multi-link time-delay mechanism in the system is analyzed, in particular for the different conditions of motor power change. Afterward, with the motor speed, torque, and the inverter acceleration/deceleration rate obtained in advance, the motor steady power and power change rate are predicted. In the dynamic process, by adjusting the tracking rate in real time, the motor reference power function is derived. The reference current of the supercapacitor is given online, so as to match the power between the motor and the energy storage unit. Both simulation and experimental results verify the rationality and validity of the proposed control strategy. In the dynamic process, the system stability and energy utilization are successfully improved in comparison with multi-parameter collaborative power prediction control and double closed-loop control.

Protonated C3N4 Nanosheets for Enhanced Energy Storage in Symmetric Supercapacitors through Hydrochloric Acid Treatment.

Next-generation electrochemical energy storage materials are essential in delivering high power for long periods of time. Double-layer carbonaceous materials provide high power density with low energy density due to surface-controlled adsorption. This limitation can be overcome by developing a low-cost, more abundant material that delivers high energy and power density. Herein, we develop layered C3N4 as a sustainable charge storage material for supercapacitor applications. It was thermally polymerized using urea and then protonated with various acids to enhance its charge storage contribution by activating more reaction sites through the exfoliation of the C-N framework. The increased electron-rich nitrogen moieties in the C-N framework material lead to better electrolytic ion impregnation into the electrode, resulting in a 7-fold increase in charge storage compared to the pristine material and other acids. It was found that C3N4 treated with hydrochloric acid showed a very high capacitance of 761 F g-1 at a current density of 20 A g-1 and maintained 100% cyclic retention over 10,000 cycles in a three-electrode configuration, outperforming both the pristine material and other acids. A symmetric device was fabricated using a KOH/LiI gel-based electrolyte, exhibiting a maximum specific capacitance of 175 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. Additionally, the device showed remarkable power and energy density, reaching 600 W kg-1 and 35 Wh kg-1, with an exceptional cyclic stability of 60% even after 5000 cycles. This study provides an archetype to understand the underlying mechanism of acid protonation and paves the way to a metal-carbon-free environment.

Lignin-derived N,S-codoped hierarchical porous carbons with high mesoporous rate for sustainable supercapacitive energy storage

A new strategy has been devised for sustainable biomass-based energy storage. In this work, three-dimensional N,S-co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (N,S-LPHC) derived from lignin have been designed using thiourea and KOH as active agents. The impact of the thiourea to lignin feed ratio on the porous structure and electrochemical performance is investigated. The Optimized N,S-LPHC1:1 shows a large specific surface area and mesoporous rate of 1639.8 m2 g−1 and 37.9 %. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have illustrated that the incorporation of nitrogen and sulfur within the carbon skeleton can effectively regulate its electronic distribution, thereby enhancing the charge transfer efficiency during the electrode reactions. The specific capacitance of N,S-LPHC1:1 reaches to 185.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. And the symmetrical supercapacitor device based on N,S-LPHC1:1 exhibits excellent energy density (5.73 Wh kg−1 at 125 W kg−1) and impressive cycle stability (retaining a capacitance of 95.6 % after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles).

NiFe2O4 nanoparticles as highly efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and energy storage in supercapacitor

Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized via a low-cost and reproducible co-precipitation method. The as-synthesized material was annealed at different temperatures to investigate electrochemical performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and energy storage capacity. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the cubic structure of NiFe2O4 (NF) NSs. The decreased agglomeration and increased particle size were observed by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with annealing temperature. The presence of Ni–O and Fe–O bonds at tetrahedral and octahedral sites was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical analysis studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that the NF NSs annealed at 900 °C exhibited impressive electrochemical activity with a specific capacitance of ∼136 F/g, outperforming samples synthesized at lower temperatures. Moreover, the electrode material displayed excellent long-term stability over 3000 cycles for ORR activity. The remarkable electrochemical performance of NF NSs at higher annealing temperatures highlights their potential for future energy storage and conversion devices.

N‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Mats for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes

Carbon materials are widely utilized as a versatile material for supercapacitors in energy storage for their extraordinary electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and cost‐effectiveness. But achieving commercial viability still poses a significant challenge in improving the capacitance and energy density. To meet the requirements, an N‐doped carbon nanofiber mat (porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF)) is prepared for free‐standing electrodes with polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrostatically spun nanofibers as precursors. PVP is a pore‐forming agent that decomposes on the carbon nanofibers during calcination to form pores, and the unique porous structure results in a remarkable performance of supercapacitor. The result shows that the PCNF30 exhibits high flexibility and electrochemical properties with a specific capacitance of 255.6 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 about 2.5 times higher than PCNF0 (105.3 F g−1 at 2 A g−1) and satisfactory rate performance with only about 39.8% specific capacitance loss at 100 A g−1. In addition, the symmetrical supercapacitor of PCNF30//PCNF30 has high energy density, up to 8.85 Wh kg−1 at 1.25 kW kg−1, and a 90.8% retention rate after undergoing 10 000 cycles. Those results suggest an efficient approach for PCNFs‐based materials in flexible electronic devices.

Built-in electric field and selenium vacancies synergistically enhance NiSe2@Co0.85Se high-performance supercapacitors

Sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability are two major obstacles limiting large-scale energy storage in battery-type supercapacitors. Herein, a novel strategy has been proposed to address these issues, which is to use a simple two-step electrodeposition technology to prepare the NiSe2@Co0.85Se/NF(denoted as NS@CS/NF) core-shell heterostructure, generate built-in electric field, and subsequently introduced anionic vacancies to successfully construct unique Se vacancies-rich composites (denoted as Sev-NS@CS/NF). Systematic characterisation analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that Se vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces can modulate electronic structure and promote fast reaction kinetics to achieve excellent supercapacitor performance, with a specific capacitance of 1530 C g−1 at 1 A g−1, and a capacity retention of 86.35% even after undergoing 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) was constructed using Sev-NS@CS/NF as the cathode and activated carbon (AC) as the anode, exhibiting an energy density of 80 Wh kg−1 at 812 W kg−1 and maintained impressive performance metrics. Notably, when two HSC units were connected in series, they successfully illuminated an LED diode for a duration of 15 min, showcasing the considerable potential of this HSC device for various energy storage applications.

Harnessing the potential of NiMn2O4 nanoparticle: a next-generation supercapacitor electrode material

This research addresses the pressing demand to enhance energy density and power in energy storage devices, including batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Here, NiMn2O4 is synthesized using the urea combustion method. Characterization techniques, including powder x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and BET analysis, are employed to investigate its properties. The diffraction peaks showed that NMO had a face-centered tetragonal structure, and the Scherrer equation was used to figure out the average crystallite size (t) as 8.73 nm. Its electrochemical behavior is extensively evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge measurements. The findings indicate that the fabricated NiMn2O4 electrodes exhibited remarkable specific capacitance and exceptional cycling stability, retaining 97% of their initial performance over 10000 cycles. The specific capacitance of the electrode from GCD was obtained 80 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g–1. This study highlights the potential of NiMn2O4 as an electrode material for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors, offering a viable solution for advancing energy storage technologies.

A review on carbon material-metal oxide-conducting polymer and ionic liquid as electrode materials for energy storage in supercapacitors

A review on carbon material-metal oxide-conducting polymer and ionic liquid as electrode materials for energy storage in supercapacitors

Synergistically active V5+/V4+ couple in nanoribbon like rGO/V2O5 composite for enhanced supercapacitive energy storage attributes: Optimization of electrode composition and electrolyte

In order to properly exploit both faradic and non-faradic components of energy storage leading to better performance of the device, in this work, it has been aimed to develop reduced graphene oxide/vanadium pentoxide (rGO/V2O5) composite using simple hydrothermal technique. Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) was used as the source of vanadium and graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite flakes using modified Tour's method. The GO was further reduced to rGO spontaneously during the composite formation in aqueous medium. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized in terms of both structure and electrochemical attributes, followed by optimization of the composition of electrode material and best electrode – electrolyte partnership. The developed electrode yielded a specific capacitance of 802 F/g (at 1 A/g current density), energy density of ∼71 Wh/kg (at 1 A/g current density) and power density of ∼7984 W/kg (at 20 A/g current density). Whereas, the fabricated device with this rGO/V2O5 composite as an active material and H3PO4 as the electrolyte yielded a specific capacitance of 259 F/g (at 1 A/g current density), energy density of ∼18 Wh/kg (at 1 A/g current density) and power density of ∼3520 W/kg (at 20 A/g current density). The structural and electrochemical properties along with charge storing capacity and robustness make the developed composite a promising candidate for supercapacitive energy storage application.

Fabrication of a novel porous nanostructure based on NiCuFe2O4@MCM-48, embedded with graphene oxide/poly (p-phenylenediamine) to construct an efficient supercapacitor

In this study, a new nanocomposite was created by combining copper-doped nickel ferrite (NiCuFe2O4) nanoparticles with MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 48) on a graphene oxide (GO) substrate functionalized with poly(ρ-phenylenediamine) abbreviated as (PρPD). This nanocomposite was developed to investigate its potential for enhancing the function of a supercapacitor in energy storage. Following NiCuFe2O4@MCM-48 preparation, Hummer’s technique GO was applied. In-situ polymerization of NiCuFe2O4@MCM-48/GO nanoparticles with ρ-phenylenediamine (ρPD) in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) produced PρPD, a conductive polymer. Structural characterization of the nanocomposite includes FTIR, XRD, VSM, TGA-DTG, EDX, and FE-SEM. Results from BET indicate a pore size increase of up to 5 nm. Fast ion penetration and higher storage in capacitor material are explained by this. Additionally, the nanocomposite’s electrochemical performance was evaluated using GCD and CV tests. The NiCuFe2O4@MCM-48/GO/PρPD nanocomposite has a specific capacitance of 203.57 F g−1 (1 A g−1). Furthermore, cyclical stability is essential for energy storage applications. The nanocomposite retains 92.5% of its original capacitance after 3000 cycles, indicating outstanding electrochemical stability.

Bio‐based nanomaterials for energy application: A review

AbstractBio‐nanomaterials have been gaining increased attention recently due to their special, nano‐specific properties such as their high specific area compared to their bulk materials and their environmentally friendly, and renewable properties. Overall, this review discusses recent advances of two nanomaterials derived from bio‐sources, which are nanocellulose and carbon‐based nanomaterials in the application of electrochemical energy storage devices, specifically batteries and supercapacitors. Besides, this review briefly analyses the challenges and perspectives of biomass utilization for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The emergence of another conductive nanomaterials such as MXene, which can be a challenge to the bio‐based nanomaterials for the application in energy storage devices, is also mentioned in this review.

Frequency response of microgrids with PV power generation and energy storage system (battery and supercapacitor)

Since renewable energy sources (RES) have almost little inertia, an increase in their electricity might harm the power system's ability to run steadily and dependably. Numerous solutions to the issue mentioned above are offered. This paper aims to assess the technological possibility of using energy storage system (ESS) devices built from batteries and supercapacitors to enhance the interia response of sources in microgrids with a large amount of PV power penetration. The microgrid's inertia was altered by varying the penetration level of RES. To obtain a rigid microgrid, batteries and supercapacitors are suggested in this study to enhance frequency stability and droop control is utilized to complete this assessment. The model of the on-grid power network was designed using Simulink in MATLAB to evaluate the high level of RES penetration impact on the frequency stability of the system. Results verify that the microgrid stiffness is significantly enhanced when the suggested storage elements are incorporated. The findings show that the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) is reduced when the size of the ESS increases and vice versa. The supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) can increase the stability of the system's frequency more effectively than the battery energy storage systems (BESS) with a slower time response.