Evaluating consumer 3D printing nozzles as a low cost alternative for mesophase pitch-derived carbon fiber production

Abstract

Synthetic fibers, such as Kevlar fibers, SiC fibers, and carbon fibers, are essential components for constructing high performance structures. Whether for engineering, sports, energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), or aerospace applications, fiber microstructure plays a critical role in fiber properties and functionalities. However, studying fiber nozzle configurations and spinning parameters to achieve the desired microstructure remains challenging, costly, and time consuming. Here, mesophase pitch-derived fibers were used as an example to demonstrate that low cost, commercially available 3D printer nozzles can “print” fibers. Four different nozzles were used to “print” fibers and the effects of their features on fiber properties were observed and compared to other lab spun and commercial pitch-derived CF. A longer orifice length resulted in higher modulus fiber whereas a larger draw-down ratio yielded a stronger fiber. The findings provide a new opportunity for 3D printer hardware application and open opportunities for developing low-cost fibers.