Super Group Research Articles

Hopf-algebraic techniques applied to super Lie groups over a complete field

We show basic results on super-manifolds and super Lie groups over a complete field of characteristic ≠2, extensively using Hopf-algebraic techniques. The main results are two theorems. The first main theorem shows a category equivalence between super Lie groups and Harish-Chandra pairs, which is applied especially to construct the Hopf super-algebra of all analytic representative functions on a super Lie group. The second constructs homogeneous super-manifolds by a new Hopf-algebraic method, showing their remarkable property.

ANALISIS TINGKAT IMPLMENTASI SMK3 PADA KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN DI SURABAYA BERDASARKAN PP NO 50 TAHUN 2012

Pembangunan proyek konstruksi berdampak positif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja dan pemerataan pembangunan, tetapi sisi lain kegiatan konstruksi memiliki resiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan tingkat keberhasilan implementasi SMK3 pada konstruksi bangunan di Surabaya, khususnya Super Mall Pakuwon dan Gedung Telkom Group Surabaya berdasarkan PP No 50 Tahun 2012. Penentuan prosentase keberhasilan SMK3 menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis datanya menggunakan check list dan wawancara. Pada proyek Super Mall Pakuwon Surabaya menunjukkan kategori memuaskan dengan prosentase mencapai 90.18%, sedangkan pada proyek gedung Telkom Group Surabaya prosentase penerapannya mencapai 98.26% yang juga menunjukkan kategori yang memuaskan. Dengan metode triangulasi diketahui bahwa ketiga tema dan sub tema pada kedua proyek mengarah pada satu kesimpulan yaitu pentingnya keselamatan kerja pada proyek sekaligus meningkatkan efektifitas perlindungan K3 yang terencana, terukur, terstruktur, dan terintegrasi.
 

Utilization of Resources by Patients Who Are Morbid and Super Obese Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center.

Data regarding the characteristics of patients who are morbidly and super obese, and the resources they use in nonbariatric hospital settings are limited. The aims of our study were to explore the frequency of inpatient admissions of patients who are morbid (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg/m) and super obese (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m), their specific characteristics, and to identify their utilization of hospital services and resources, 30-day readmission rates, safe patient handling equipment, and patient clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients hospitalized at our institution (n = 1670) who are morbidly obese or super obese. We collected and compared data regarding the characteristics of patients, the services and resources used, the use of any special handling equipment, and patient clinical outcomes. After accounting for confounding variables, wound care and occupational therapy services were more likely to be required for the patients who are super obese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, P = 0.04) than for those who are morbidly obese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, P = 0.02). Use of safe patient handling devices was twice as likely for the super obese group (OR = 2.09, P < 0.01). There was no difference in mortality rates between the two patient groups (P = 0.81); patients who are super obese had higher odds of prolonged hospital stay by 32% (P = 0.009). This study provides an understanding of the characteristics of patients with BMI of 40 kg/m or greater who are admitted to the hospital, the resources and services use, and their clinical outcomes. There is also a need to develop an organizational protocol to ensure safe handling using the right devices and activation of appropriate consult services.

On the construction of supergrassmannians as homogeneous superspaces

In this paper, we give an explicit description of the action of the super Lie group [Formula: see text] on supergrassmannian [Formula: see text] in the functor of points language. In particular, we give a concrete proof of the transitively of this action, and the gluing of the local charts of the supergrassmannian.

Structural evolution of the Breagh area: implications for carboniferous prospectivity of the Mid North Sea High, Southern North Sea

Exploration success at Breagh demonstrates that western parts of the Mid North Sea High area are prospective despite the absence of an Upper Permian (Rotliegend Group) Leman Sandstone Formation reservoir and source rocks belonging to the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian Coal Measures Group. Detailed seismic and well interpretation shows that the Breagh trap was a long-lived footwall high, the prospectivity of which was enhanced by Variscan folding and uplift, leading to the truncation (subcrop) of Lower Carboniferous reservoirs beneath the Base Permian Unconformity. Its drape (supra-crop) by Upper Permian (Zechstein Super Group) evaporites creates the seal. The complexity of its overburden means that an accurate picture of the Breagh structure only emerges after accurate depth-conversion that takes the effects of the Mesozoic graben into account. Pronounced easterly tilting during the Cenozoic affected the area and controlled gas migration into the structure from palaeostructures lying to the east. However, evidence that Breagh is not filled to spill point (underfill) suggests that charge limitation remained an issue. The study demonstrates that a poorly-documented and under-explored Lower Carboniferous play exists in Southern North Sea, which relies upon careful structural mapping and basin modelling to be undertaken for the play to be understood and its further potential to be realized. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Under-explored plays and frontier basins of the UK continental shelf collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/under-explored-plays-and-frontier-basins-of-the-uk-continental-shelf

Supergroup OSP(2,2n) and super Jacobi polynomials

The coefficients of the super Jacobi polynomials of BC1,n-type are rational functions in three parameters k,p,q. At the point (−1,0,0) these coefficients may have poles. Let us set q=0 and consider a pair (k,p) as the point of A2. If we apply blow up procedure at the point (−1,0) then we get a new family of polynomials. This family depends on one parameter t∈P. If t=∞ then we get Euler supercharacters for Lie supergroup OSP(2,2n). The supercharacters of finite dimensional irreducible modules can be also obtained by a specialization of the parameter t. But in such a case the specialization depends on the highest weight of the corresponding irreducible module.

Clinical outcomes of cerebral infarction in nonagenarians compared among four age groups

Average female life expectancy in Japan is approximately 90years. Occasionally, we encounter stroke patients older than 90years. To determine the clinical features and outcomes associated with cerebral infarction in patients aged ≥ 90years. We examined 289 consecutive patients (163 males, 129 females; mean age 77.5years) diagnosed with cerebral infarction. We divided them into four groups according to age in years: middle (< 65), pre-old (65-74), old (75-89), and super old (≥ 90). We divided the super old group into mild symptoms (NIHSS ≤ 5) and severe symptoms (NIHSS > 5) and examined outcomes. Statistically significant associations were observed between female sex, cardiogenic infarction, and high complication rates and super old age. NIHSS and mRS scores at 30-day post-stroke were higher in the super old group. In some cases, complications led to poor prognoses. Eighty-seven percent of patients with mild symptoms (NIHSS ≤ 5) recovered to mRS 0-2 similar to the younger age group. None of the patients with severe symptoms (NIHSS > 5) recovered to mRS 0-2. We investigated the clinical outcomes following cerebral infarction in patients aged 90years or older and found that mild symptoms were consistently associated with good prognoses, regardless of patients' age. Patients in the super old group had more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes than younger age groups. However, patients with mild symptoms tended to have better prognoses and returned to daily life similar to the younger age group.

Comprehensive multidimensional tectonomagmatic discrimination from log-ratio transformed major and trace elements

An initial geochemical database of a total of 26,058 Pliocene to Holocene fresh igneous rock samples, with assigned tectonic settings from combined geoscientific criteria, was established. A comprehensive discrimination scheme was proposed from linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and canonical analysis of log-ratio transformed compositional data. The multi-normality required for the LDA individually for all tectonic classes was achieved independently for isometric log-ratios (ilr) of major elements and of combined major and trace elements through an online computer program DOMuDAF. The importance of the fulfillment of the multi-normality assumption was documented because it increased the overall percent success from about 0.8% to 6%. The multivariate discordant outlier-free data were used for proposing two multidimensional discrimination models (ilrMd and ilrMTd), respectively, based on discordant outlier-free ilr of only major and of combined major and trace elements. The ilrMTd model always provided significantly higher percent success values (70.6–100%) than the ilrMd model (60.8–96.5%) and, therefore, is recommended to be used when applicable. The ilrMTd model should be preferred over the ilrMd model, in case of controversy. The discrimination of a total of 29 tectonic settings, arranged in 3 Super Groups, 9 Main Groups, 17 Groups, 9 subGroups, and 4 sub-subGroups, was successfully achieved in 19 steps through a total of 60 discriminant function equations, 98 centroids and 98 probability calculations for all classes. The usefulness of the comprehensive multidimensional scheme was demonstrated from 13 application cases. The first two cases were applied to the Pliocene to Holocene rocks from a complex tectonic setting of simultaneously ongoing subduction and rifting in the western part of Mexico. The Tepic-Zacoalco Rift was shown to be like a continental rift, whereas the Colima Rift showed Andean-type continental arc at ridge subduction. This was successfully followed by four application cases of Miocene to Neo-proterozoic ophiolites. Five cases of Neo-archean to Paleo-archean rocks were presented, in which consistent tectonic settings were generally obtained from both models. The next case presented the time-dependent tectonic settings of Tibet from the Lower Jurassic to the Pleistocene, which was possible as 7 subcases. The final case presented as 5 subcases showed time- and space-dependent tectonics for two Archean greenstone belts (Babina and Mauranipur) of the Bundelkhand craton, India. The last two time-dependent tectonic setting applications were possible because of the comprehensive nature of the new 19-step tectonic discrimination procedure. In our final application to the Bundelkhand craton, metamorphic and sedimentary (siliciclastic) rocks provided results consistent with those of the igneous rocks. In one of the earlier Archean terrane applications too (Pilbara craton, Australia), metamorphic rocks gave fully consistent results. Similarly, consistent results were obtained for moderate to highly altered Miocene rocks from the Macquarie Island. Therefore, the new comprehensive discrimination scheme can be recommended for use in all future applications for probability-based inferences on tectonic settings from all kinds of igneous, metamorphic and siliciclastic rocks.

Network Analysis of Survey Data to Identify Non-Homogeneous Teacher Self-Efficacy Development in Using Formative Assessment Strategies

In a European project about formative assessment, Local Working Groups (LWGs) from six participating countries made use of a format for teacher-researcher collaboration. The activities in each LWG involved discussions and reflections about implementation of four assessment formats. A key aim was close collaboration between teachers and researchers to develop teachers’ formative assessment practices, which were partially evidenced with changes in attributes of self-efficacy. The research question was: to what extent do working with formative assessment strategies in collaboration with researchers and other teachers differentially affect individual self-efficacy beliefs of practicing teachers across different educational contexts? A 12-item teacher questionnaire, with items selected from a commonly used international instrument for science teaching self-efficacy, was distributed to the participating teachers before and after their work in the LWGs. A novel method of analysis using networks where participants from different LWGs were linked based on the similarities of their answers, revealed differences between empirically identified groups and larger super groups of participants. These analyses showed, for example, that one group of teachers perceived themselves to have knowledge about using formative assessment but did not have the skills to use it effectively. It is suggested that future research and development projects may use this new methodology to pinpoint groups, which seem to respond differently to interventions and modify guidance or instruction accordingly.

Mixed cohomology of Lie superalgebras

Supermanifolds are known to admit both differential forms and integral forms, thus any appropriate super analogue of the de Rham theory should take both types of forms into account. However, the cohomology of Lie superalgebras studied so far in the literature involves only differential forms when interpreted as a de Rham theory for Lie supergroups. Thus a new cohomology theory of Lie superalgebras is needed to fully incorporate differential-integral forms, and we investigate such a theory here. This new cohomology is defined by a BRST complex of Lie superalgebra modules, and includes the standard Lie superalgebra cohomology as a special case. General properties expected of a cohomology theory are established for the new cohomology, and examples of the new cohomology groups are computed.

Mineralogical Studies on Some Selected Semi-Precious Stones from Northeast Jordan

A semi-precious stone is known as a gem or gemstone (also a jewel, a gem, a precious stone), which is a portion of mineral in refined and cut form that could be used to create a jewelry or other embellishments. A gem also can be defined as any mineral that is highly prized for its beauty, durability, and rarity, is used for personal adornment and has been enhanced in some manner by altering its shape usually by cutting and polishing. Semi-precious stones occurred as xenolithes are widespread in Jordan within different source of rocks. High grade of copper as malachite and chrysocolla and plancheite is suitable for gemstone manufacture found in Finan area. High purity of garnet can be found in metamorphic rocks in Wadi Araba area, whereas xenoliths of pyroxene, olivine and spinel-perioditite and garnet are wide spread in basalt and pyroclastic materials in northeast Jordan. The studied semi-precious stones are part of the Miocene alkali basaltic rocks that covered the northeastern part of Jordan within Harrat Al-Shaam Basaltic Super Group Plateau concentrated mainly in volcanic centers and volcaniclastic materials of Aritian, Hassan, Ufiyahim and Bishriyya formations. Some of these xenoliths and xenocrysts can be considered as semi-precious stones. This study is focused on characterization of petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of these semi-precious stones like olivine, pyroxene and garnet xenoliths that have been collected from selected areas in northeast Jordan. The samples were analyzed by polarizing microscope, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Cutting and polishing tests have shown that some of the studied xenoliths are suitable for manufacturing attractively colored gemstones and could be considered as semi-precious stones. The geological chances for the discovery of some hundreds of tons of these gemstone-raw materials are considered to be good in volcaniclastic materials that are associated within different volcanic centers at northeast Jordan.

China's long-term low carbon transition pathway under the urbanization process

This study develops a comprehensive analysis framework and socio-economic energy system model that interlinks demographic change and energy system in order to analyze the urbanization process and its relation with China's long-term CO2 emissions trend as China’ economy enters the “new normal” stage. The results show that, around 300 million people are expected to migrate from rural areas to urban areas by 2050 following a trend, in which people are moving gradually from small and medium city groups to large and super city groups. The migration trend together with the improvement in living standard will promote China's infrastructure construction, industry production, and energy service demand growth. Under the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario, total primary energy consumption in China will reach 8.4 Gtce by 2050, energy-related CO2 emissions will increase to 17.6 Gt, which is 83% higher than the 2013 level. While in the Low Carbon Transition (LCT) scenario with technology innovation, the total primary energy demand for China in 2050 could be controlled at ∼6 Gtce; CO2 emissions would peak during 2020–2025, and be reduced by 78% by 2050 compared to the BAU scenario. In the transition process, non-fossil fuel power generation and energy efficiency technologies have the largest mitigation potentials. Industry and power sectors would peak first before 2020, followed by the building and transport sectors which are projected to peak around 2030. The total additional capital investment required for LCT would account for 1.5% of GDP. Therefore, it is technologically and economically feasible for China to implement new urbanization strategy.

A Minimal Representation of the Orthosymplectic Lie Supergroup

Abstract We construct a minimal representation of the orthosymplectic Lie supergroup $OSp(p,q|2n)$ for $p+q$ even, generalizing the Schrödinger model of the minimal representation of $O(p,q)$ to the super case. The underlying Lie algebra representation is realized on functions on the minimal orbit inside the Jordan superalgebra associated with $\mathfrak{osp}(p,q|2n)$, so that our construction is in line with the orbit philosophy. Its annihilator is given by a Joseph-like ideal for $\mathfrak{osp}(p,q|2n)$, and therefore the representation is a natural generalization of a minimal representation to the context of Lie superalgebras. We also calculate its Gelfand–Kirillov dimension and construct a nondegenerate sesquilinear form for which the representation is skew-symmetric and which is the analogue of an $L^2$-inner product in the supercase.

Ringel Duals of Brauer Algebras via Super Groups

AbstractWe prove that the Brauer algebra, for all parameters for which it is quasi-hereditary, is Ringel dual to a category of representations of the orthosymplectic super group. As a consequence we obtain new and algebraic proofs for some results on the fundamental theorems of invariant theory for this super group over the complex numbers and also extend them to some cases in positive characteristic. Our methods also apply to the walled Brauer algebra in which case we obtain a duality with the general linear super group, with similar applications.

The role of super interest groups in public policy diffusion

In recent years scholarship has drawn attention to the role of large multi-issue interest groups in policy networks and in public policy diffusion. This paper develops this field of study by demonstrating empirically the leverage of the ‘sustained organisational influence’ theory of policy diffusion. Specifically, it focuses on the role of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) in diffusing the Stand Your Ground policy across US state legislatures. By comparing ALEC’s template policy to bills introduced and legislation subsequently enacted within state legislatures, we demonstrate that ALEC has positioned itself as a ‘super interest group’, exerting sustained organisational influence across an expanding number of states. In doing so, this paper moves theory beyond the typical advocacy coalition framework that implicitly assumes policymaking occurs discretely among specialists on an issue-by-issue basis. It also highlights the democratic implications of the role of super interest groups in shaping policy behind the scenes.

Effects of COH on the expression of connexin43 in endometrial stromal cells

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on gap junction, and to induce the effect of an estrogen level overdose on gap junction in vitro by COH. Here, we mainly focus on connexion43 (Cx43), progesterone receptor (PR) and prolactin-related protein (PRP), and CyclinD3 genes expression, as well as the expression of Cx43 protein, were investigated. Materials and methodsMature BDF-1 mice were divided into different COH, and the mouse uterus was isolated, Paraffin sections evaluate the effect of COH on mouse uterine endometrial morphology. The other part was used for the extraction of mouse uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESC), some related gene changes are detected. Human ESC were isolated from human endometrium by primary culture, the estrogen concentrations 10−6 mol/L, 10−7 mol/L were added, the changes of Cx43 gene and related proteins were detected, too. Results(1) HE staining showed that in the ovulatory endometrium of mice in the high super ovulation group, uterine glands in the stromal layer were significantly increased, the relative vascular tissues was less abundant. (2) In three groups of COH mice, the expression of Cx43, PR, and PRP genes in ESC was significantly different (P < 0.05). (3) In vitro ESC in the COH group showed significant differences in Cx43, PR, and CyclinD3 gene expression (P < 0.05), and showed an obvious dose effect. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that the Cx43 protein and Cx43 gene expression were similar. Conclusions(1) Animal experiments study showed that Cx43 gene expression in ESC was significantly decreased in hyper COH, in addition, the advance in gene expression was significantly earlier, suggesting decidualization appeared significantly earlier. (2) In vitro COH demonstrated when the estrogen concentration used was higher, the expression level of Cx43 gene and protein was lower. Combined with animal experiments, the endometrium decidualization was advanced in mice that were underwent hyper COH, which may reflect the endometrial receptivity.

Application of 2D-Electrical resistivity tomography in delineating groundwater potential zones: Case study from the voltaian super group of Ghana

This study assesses the efficiency of a key geophysical groundwater exploration technique, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in part of the Voltaian Supergroup in Northern Ghana. In the Northern Ghana, groundwater has been the main source of water for domestic and other uses. Much of the terrain is underlain by Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks which have lost their primary porosity to partial metamorphic episodes during the Pan-African Orogeny. As a result, groundwater acquisition in this terrain is challenging compared to crystalline basement aquifers. Borehole success rates (yields ≥ 13 L per minutes) have generally been low (50%) as the terrain has been difficult to characterize with standard geophysical techniques. Previously, when the electromagnetic and vertical electrical sounding (VES) techniques were used to explore for groundwater resources, the success rate was less than 50%. In order to have an improved yield, the 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) approach was used for the investigation to provide information about the lateral and vertical extent of weathering and fracturing in the sub-surface. A total of 30 ERT profiles were run across strike of the underlying lineaments at a maximum profile length of 800 m. The Schlumberger, Dipole-dipole and the Wenner array protocols were used concurrently for the data collection and the GEOTOMO RES2D Inversion software was used for the inversion. Analysis of data on 40 boreholes in 22 selected communities in different Voltaian rock units of drill depths ranging between 92 and 192 m indicates a 80% drilling success rate when drilling is guided by ERT surveys, providing a significant improvement over previous approaches recording a less than 50% success rate. Comparison between the drilling logs and the ERT revealed a strong correlation between the inferred resistivity boundary and lithology changes. On average, the resistivity patterns that indicate a promising zone for drilling a wet well ranges between 10 and 300 Ω-m. This investigation shows that, in hydrogeologically difficult terrains such as the Voltaian Supergroup, a careful application of the ERT with clear understanding of the underlying geological conditions would significantly improve success.

Rankin–Cohen brackets on supermodular forms

Let ℂ1|1 denote the supercomplex plane with local coordinate (z,θ) where θ2=0, and with the canonical supersymmetric (SUSY) structure given by the maximal non-integrable structure distribution of rank 0|1 generated by the odd vector field D=∂∂θ+θ∂∂z. It admits a super action of the super Lie group OSP(1|2,R). This action induces a one parameter action of OSP(1|2,R) on the super-ring, R of C∞-superfunctions on ℂ1|1. A supermodular form is a superfunction F∈R invariant by the action of OSP(1|2,R) on the super-ring R (see Cohen et al., 1997).In this paper, we construct a whole family of operators transforming a given pair of supermodular forms into another supermodular form and apply these operators to define a deformed associative product.

Comparative study of surgically induced astigmatism: superior versus superotemporal scleral incision performed in rural hospital

Introduction: Phacoemulsification has become a gold standard procedure of cataract extraction in the developed countries. Phacoemulsification is expensive hence manual small incision cataract surgery is a better alternative in developing nations. One of the important cause of poor uncorrected visual activity after cataract extraction is high astigmatism. Incision being the first and most important determinant of postoperative astigmatism. Placement of incision superotemporally is one modification to minimize the high pre-existing ATR astigmatism and improving the postoperative visual outcome. Aim: To study the type and amount of surgically induced astigmatism following superior and superotemporal scleral incision in manual small incision cataract surgery. Design: Prospective randomized comparative clinical study. Methodology: 50 eyes of 50 patients each were randomly assigned for superior scleral incision and superotemporal scleral incision and MSICS with PCIOL implantation were performed. Patients were examined on day 1, day 7, end of 4 weeks and 3 months after surgery. Results: 3 months after surgery, 80% of the patients in superior incision group had ATR astigmatism and 86% of the patients in super temporal incision group had WTR astigmatism. The mean SIA in superotemporal group was significantly less than superior incision group. Conclusion: MSICS performed with superotemporal scleral incision in comparison with superior scleral incision produces significantly less surgically induces astigmatism with better stabilization of refraction.

Rare Gas in Rocks of Vindhyan Super Group Around Sagar, South Ganga Basin, Bundelkhand Region M.P. India

Studies on the exploration of the Helium gas in the rocks of the Vindhyan Super Group around Sagar, South Ganga Basin, Bundel khand region, M.P. is carried out in the detail with joint collaboration of Deptt. of Applied Geology and ONGC Energy Centre, Ahmadabad. As Author has already reported the Discovery og Helium has leakages through more than 50 tube wells/e wells excavated in agriculture fields various Villages in Sagar Distt. The geochemical analysis of the soil , gas and water indicates remarkable amount of Helium gas in these tube wells, containing about 0.45 to 0.735 and methane varying from 72 % to 99%. These investigations were done in the long research work ( more then 25 years)dedication carried out in this area and research finding published in the Journal of National and International repute, which has attracted the officers/ Scientists of ONGC, Dehradun, CGWB, Faridbad, Atomic Mineral Directorate Hyderabad and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai. The Result of the stable isotopic analysis of Ethane gas in these samples δ C13 value are ranging from -24.9 per mill w.r.t. PDB and -26.9 per mill w.r.t. PDB and the Methane gas are ranging from Isotopic Values -54.0- per mill w.r.t. PDB to -61.5 per mill w.r.t. PDB are indicative that this gas is of thermogenic origin, which must have been formed at very high temperature &amp; pressure condition in the deeper horizon of the great Vindhyan sedimentary basin of late Proterozoic (&gt;500m.y.) period. A reporting of leakages of above mentioned gas from 50 tubewells in the inliers of Vindhyan rocks and even in the Deccan trap rocks ensures that this area must be having a big gas reservoir within Vindhayn rocks around Sagar- Distt. in M.P. The ONGC energy Centre Ahmadabad has started the detail collaborative geophysical work on the drilling exploration upto the depth of 600 m has been carried out and to be carried out in various location from where the leakages of has been earlier reported earlier. In these 600 m deep drill holes detail geophysical logging including the gama ray logging and Neutron logging, lithological an d structural logging will be carried out to know the probable gas reserve and at what depth the, we can get the gas for the exploration and utilization of these ases for industrial purpose and other uses etc. The detail geophysical studies will be very much helpful in the gas reserve calculation and the depth of the gas pockes in the South Ganga Basin in Bundelkhand region in M.P