Sunscreen Activity Research Articles

Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Biji Nyamplung (Chalophyllum inophyllum Linn)

This study aims to evaluate the sunscreen activity of nyamplung seed extract resulting from cold press extraction, soxletation with n-hexane solvent, and maceration with alcohol solvent. Apart from that, determining the minimum concentration of using nyamplung seed extract as a sunscreen ingredient. This study was conducted in vitro using UV spectrophotometry with the method developed by Sayre et al., (1979). The results showed that the alcohol extract of nyamplung seeds had the best sunscreen activity with an SPF of 42,499 at a concentration of 1,000 ppm in chloroform:alcohol (1:1) in the ultra protection category. Followed by n-hexane extract and cold pressed extract with SPF 39,951 and 36,349 respectively with the same concentration, solvent, and category. The higher the sample concentration, the lower the percentage of erythema and pigmentation, while the higher the SPF. The lowest concentrations of cold pressed extract, n-hexane, and nyamplung seed alcohol that meet the category of sunscreen with ultra protection were 600, 600, and 400 ppm, respectively.

UJI AKTIVITAS GEL TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) DENGAN VARIASI GELLING AGENT CARBOPOL 940 SECARA IN VITRO

Excessive sun exposure is dangerous for humans because it has many detrimental effects on the eyes, immune system as well as on the skin. Sunscreen can prevent the harmful effects of UV radiation and free radicals. Flavonoid compounds in mangosteen rind have natural sunscreen activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical quality and stability and activity of the ethanol extract gel of mangosteen peel in vitro with variations of carbopol 940. The extract was obtained from the maceration process using 70% ethanol. The gel was formulated using 0.1% extract and 0.5% gelling agent variations; 1%; and 1.5%. Gel test parameters including organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesion stability test cycling test, and sunscreen gel activity test were carried out in vitro by measuring the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the 0.1% mangosteen rind ethanol extract gel formulation with variations of the gelling agent carbopol 940 0.5;1 and 1.5% had good physical quality and stability as well as sunscreen activity with an SPF value of 41,099; 39,898; 39,270 with the ultra category.

Total flavonoid content and in vitro study on the sunscreen activity of extracts of leaves of Elaeocarpus floribundus blume

Background: Elaeocarpus floribundus blume leaves have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases; Its hot water infusion is used as a gargle to treat inflamed gums and relieve rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, previous research has shown that its methanol extract contains a high level of total phenolic content. Objective: To determine the total flavonoid content (TFC) of E.floribundus leaves extracts and to conduct preliminary research on their sunscreen activity. Method: This plant's dried-bulk leaves were macerated in three different solvents, n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol, in that order. The TFC of all extracts was determined using a colorimetric method with AlCl3 as the reagent and quercetine as the standard. In contrast, sunscreen activity was assessed by determining the value of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and 3-benzophenone as the positive control. Result: The results indicated that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts contained 35.58 ± 1.87 mgQE/g extract, 60.59 ± 0.53 mgQE/g extract, and 149.28 ± 0.89 mgQE/g extract, respectively. With SPF values of 45.470; 44.791; 43.754; 38.861 and 21.102 for tested concentrations of 1000; 800; 600; 400 and 200 mg/mL, respectively, methanol extract demonstrated the highest potential for sun protection activity. However, this activity was not more potent than 3-benzophenone, which had an SPF value of 22,647 at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Conclusion: The methanol extract of E. floribundus blume's leaves had the highest total flavonoid content and the greatest potential for sun protection among the tested extracts.

AKTIVITAS TABIR SURYA FRAKSI METANOL DARI DAUN SIMPUR (Dillenia indica Linn.) DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA ISOLATNYA

Sunscreen activity has been tested on simpur leaves (Dillenia indica Linn.) by determining the value of sun protection factor (SPF), erythema transmission percentage (%Te) and pigmentation transmission percentage (%Tp) of each methanol extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane fraction, and methanol fraction from simpur leaves. This test was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (λ = 200-400 nm), a variation of sample concentration of 50; 75 and 100 ppm. The methanol fraction at a concentration of 100 ppm showed the highest SPF value of 4.630 ± 0.043 and the lowest %Te and %Tp values of 32.316 ± 0.297 and 52.699 ± 0.160, respectively. Isolation of flavonoids from the methanol fraction produced a relatively pure isolate (Rf = 0.901) with code G1 in the form of a yellowish-green solid/powder (1.5 mg). Characterization of isolate G1 using the FTIR spectrophotometer showed that there were vibrations of the alcohol O-H groups (3446.79 cm-1), aliphatic C-H (2958.80-2858.51 cm-1), C=C aromatic (1635.64 cm-1), C=C aromatic (1635.64 cm-1), C =O (1730.15 cm-1), C-O alcohol (1122.57 cm-1), and aliphatic C-H (1463.97-1382.96 cm-1). Based on a comparison of the spectra of isolate G1 with the spectra from the literature, isolate G1 was predicted as a flavonoid compound in the flavan or flavanol groups

Sintesis Khalkon dan Uji Aktivitas Tabir Surya Secara In Vitro

Synthesis of 2’,4’-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone and in vitro test of its sunscreen activity have been carried out. Chalcone was synthesized from 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone through Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The synthesis was performed by using KOH 40% under stirring at room temperature for 48 h. The synthesized compounds was characterized using FTIR, GC-MS and 1H NMR spectrometers. Further, the chalcone were screened for its in vitro sunscreen activity by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result showed that the chalcone has been succesfully synthesized in 36.94% Yield. The activity of invitro test showed the chalcone has SPF values with maximal protection category at the consentration 15 µ/mL produce SPF 9.749

OPTIMASI FORMULA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SECARA IN VITRO LOTION O/W SENYAWA KALKON SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA

Chalcone is flavonoids class that have activity as sunscreen. The objective of this research is to find out the optimum formula of chalcone lotion, physical properties and stability of optimum formula lotion o/w, and sunscreen activity by spectrofotometry. The optimum formula was obtained by Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method using Design Expert® version 10. To determine the optimum formula used three responses, namely viscosity, spreading, and adhessiveness. The physical properties of the lotion o/w were carried out including spreading test, adhessiveness test, and viscosity. The physical stability test of lotion o/w was done by cycling test. The sunscreen lotion activity o/w is determined by spectrophotometry by determining SPF, %Erythema Transmission, and %Pigmentation Transmission. Data were analyzed by t-test and One Way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the optimum lotion formula was found in combination of 2.40% cetyl alcohol, 0.36% carbopol, and 5.74% glycerin. The optimum formula of chalcone lotion has a viscosity of 73.48 ± 6.18 dPas, adhesiveness of 7.14 ± 1.26 seconds, and a spreading power of 24.99 ± 1.11 cm2. The results of statistical analysis showed that the lotion has a pretty good stability. Lotion has activity as sunscreen at concentration of chalcone in lotion 0,05% with SPF 36,927 and can provide protection against erythema and pigmentation.

Optimization of Gelling Agent and Sunscreen Activity Test of 4-OH-chalcone Gel by In Vitro Method

ABSTRACT
 The 4-OH-chalcone was suspected to absorb and reduce ultraviolet radiation intensity that exposed to the skin. The 4-OH-chalcone was formulated as gel dosage form using combination of carbopol in content of 0.50-1.00% w/w; propylene glycol in content of 19-20% w/w; and CMC-Na in content of 0.50-1.00% w/w. This study’s purpose was to optimize the three gel bases, evaluate physical properties, physical stability, and activity of 4-OH-chalcone gel as sunscreen by in vitro method. Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method was used to optimize gel base with Design Expert software version 10.0. Activity of 4-OH-chalcone gel as sunscreen was determined spectrophotometrically by determining Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value, percent transmission of erythema (% TE), and percent transmission of pigmentation (% TP). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS Statistic software. Optimum formula of 4-OH-chalcone gel with 0.50% w/w carbopol content, 0.50% w/w carboxymethylcellulose sodium content, and 20,0% w/w propylene glycol content has pH of 5.59, viscosity of 37.4 dPa.s, spreadability of 28.8 cm2, adhesive time of 1.28 seconds, SPF value of 28.65, %, TE value of 16.44%, %TP value of 0.24%, and relatively stable physical properties.

Sunscreen Activity Determination on Hippobroma Longiflora Leaves Extracts Affected to Differences in Simplicia Treatments and Extraction Techniques

Various weeds in paddy rice fields could be utilized as natural polyphenols sources, one of them was kitolod (Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don). Kitolod was widely utilized as traditional medicine by several community groups because of its polyphenols content. Recent trends showed kitolod could be valorized as additive matters in sunscreen products. Polyphenols content, especially flavonoids were able to absorb dangerous spectrum in sunray radiation and it is related to sunscreen activity. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in simplicia treatments and extraction techniques towards total polyphenols content and sunscreen activity on kitolod leaf extracts. Solvent-cold extraction techniques were deployed in this study that consist of water infusion and ethanolic maceration for 24 hours at ambient temperature. Extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometric measurement to determine total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and sunscreen activity by deploying Folin-Ciocalteu assay, AlCl3 colorimetric assay, and Mansur approached assay, respectively. Dry kitolod leaves were extracted by ethanolic maceration techniques provided high yields (15.5±0.3%), high TPC (17.9±0.3 mg GAE/g of solids), high TFC (25.9±0.4 mg QE/g of solids), and moderate sunscreen activity (SPF 11.0±0.1). The results indicated kitolod could be valorized as natural polyphenols sources and additive matters in any cosmetical sunscreen products.

ACTIVITY OF SOLAR SCREEN FROM AVOCODO SKIN EXTRACT (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL.) IN VITRO

Sunscreen is a preparation that is used on the surface of the skin that works to absorb, scatter or reflect ultraviolet light. Therefore, it is necessary to use the ingredients to become active ingredients in sunscreen. The research objectives are to (a) To determine the total flavonoid content and total polyphenol content of avocado peel extract (Persea americana Mill.). (b) Knowing the sunscreen activity of avocado skin extract (Persea americana Mill.). This type of exploratory experimental research is based on a quantitative approach. The results showed that avocado skin extract (Persea americana Mill.) has a total flavonoid content of 10.855 mgQE/g extract and a total polyphenol content of 221.593 mgGAE/g extract. It is known that avocado peel extract (Persea americana Mill.) has sunscreen activity with an SPF value of 3.887 at a concentration of 500 ppm including minimal protection category. The results of the activity test showed that avocado skin sunscreen potential had phenolic comp

Formulation and Evaluation of Lime Peel Extract (Citrus aurantiifolia) Gel with Semi-Refined Carrageenan and Glucomannan as Gelling Agent

Lime peel extract contains quercetin with sunscreen activity. It could make into gel preparations, which has a transparent semisolid and generally gives a cooling sensation to the skin. A combination of semi-refined carrageenan and glucomannan as a gelling agent can be an alternative to form the strength and elasticity of the gel mass. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration variations of gelling agents on the physical evaluation of gel preparation results and the optimal formulation for lime peel extract gel as sunscreen. Lime peel extract would make into gel preparation with variations in the concentration of the gelling agent, which are 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, and 1.75%. Afterward, the physical evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion tests. The organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and adhesion test results show that all formulations meet the requirements. Viscosity test results obtain the best formula III with 3940,00 cPs at 60 rpm . The results of the dispersibility test show the best formulas I and II with 6,10 cm and 5,50 cm. Based on the data analyzed, variations of gelling agents affect the pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion test results. The optimal lime peel extract gel formulation has not defined from the physical evaluation results.

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tabir Surya Krim Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Perseaamericana Mill.) dan Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Antioxidants are substances that function to help overcome oxidative damage caused by free radicals or reactive oxygen compounds. Formation of free radicals in the body one of which is due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The formation of free radicals due to UV radiation can be overcome by using sunscreen. Avocado seeds and corn cobs are known to be rich in flavonoids which have the potential to be used as antioxidants and sunscreens. Both are wastes that have the potential to be utilized. This study aims to test and determine the antioxidant and sunscreen activities of five cream formulations containing a 1% mixture of avocado seed extract and corn cobs (0% : 1%, 0.25% : 0.75%, 0.5% : 0.5%, 0.75% : 0.25%, and 1% : 0%). Each formula was replicated five times. The preparation of each formula was evaluated including organoleptic (smell, color, and consistency) and homogeneity which was carried out by 25 panelists. Also tested for pH, spreadability, cream type, stability, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and sunscreen activity (in vitro determination of SPF) on each formula. The organoleptic test results showed an orange cream with a characteristic odor and a semi-solid to a slightly liquid consistency. All cream formulas are homogeneous, the type of cream produced is oil in water type, physically stable cream, pH of all creams is 8, dispersion is 6-8cm, no antioxidant activity while sunscreen activity is minimal to moderate (value of SPF 3-5).

Sunscreen lip balm stick formulation containing a combination of virgin coconut oil and crude palm oil

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and crude palm oil (CPO) are products of Indonesia’s natural wealth with significant antioxidant activity and potential as lip balm sticks to treat dry lips caused by sun exposure. This study aims to determine the formulation of lip balm stick preparations containing VCO and CPO that have sunscreen activity and acceptable physical characteristics. This study included the phases of testing, formulation of lip balm stick, sunscreen activity test, and evaluation of physical properties. The compositions were melted using a water bath, and the sunscreen’s efficacy was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. VCO and CPO concentrations varied between 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% (w/w). The F1 formula containing 5% VCO and 15% CPO (w/w) had the highest sun protection factor (SPF) value of 15.438. The evaluation of the formula activity test revealed that the higher the CPO content, the greater the sunscreen activity. Formula F1 has stable physical properties while stored at room temperature for 28 days. Formula F1 has a yellow color, chocolate scent, semi-solid consistency, homogeneous, 3.35 cm dispersion, 56 oC melting point, and 64-gram hardness. Formula F1 provides excellent sun protection and physical properties. It may be further evaluated as a lip balm stick sunscreen formulation for chapped lips.

AKTIVITAS SENYAWA FLAVANOID EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L) SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun might result in oxidative stress, changes in the structure and composition of the skin. Sunscreen preparations are recommended to be used to prevent or minimize the harmful effects of UV rays on the skin. Sunscreen can be obtained from natural ingredients, one of which is the flower of cherry ( Muntingia calabura L.). This study aims to identify the content of flavonoids and test the sunscreen activity of the ethanol extract of cherry flower ( Muntingia calabura L.) in vitro using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method based on the SPF value. Flavonoids are claimed to be capable to blocking ultraviolet (UV) light-induced radicals that have a protective effect against UV radiation, where the SPF value is a universal measure that describes the potency of a UV defense material. The findings of this study showed that the ethanol extract of cherry flowers positively contained flavonoid compounds including the flavonol, flavanone, and anthocyanidin groups. The results of the sunscreen activity test showed that the ethanol extract of cherry flowers had sunscreen activity at a concentration of 0.01% with an SPF value of 10.9 (moderate SPF), 0.05% with an SPF value of 41.6 (high SPF), 0,15% with an SPF value of 45.5 (high SPF). and 0.25% with an SPF value of 48.7 (high SPF). The higher the extract concentration, the higher the SPF value indicating the greater the activity as sunscreen.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Sunscreen Activities of Gyrinops versteegi Leaf Extract from Different Location in Indonesia and Phytosome Combinations

This study aimed to determine antioxidant activity (AA), sunscreen activity (SA), and phytochemical profiles of G. versteegii leaf extracts from West Java (WJ) and Central Java (CJ) and its phytosome. The samples were extracted using the maceration method with 50% ethanol (E50). The AA of extracts was evaluated using in vitro assay with the 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. The SA of extracts was expressed as a sun protection factor (SPF). The result showed that the E50 extract from WJ was the higher of yield, AA, SPF, and total phenolic content (TPC) about 25.4%, 38.92 μmol-trolox/g (DPPH) and 768.93 μmol-trolox/g (CUPRAC), 14.84 (classified as maximum), and 77.01 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, respectively. The phytosome formulas were made with different ratios of E50 extract and soy lecithin of F1 (1:2), F2 (1:1), and F3 (2:1). The best phytosome formula was the F2 (ratio of extract: lecithin was 1:1) with the yield, AA, SPF, and TPC was 85.47%, 1535.1 μmol-trolox/g (CUPRAC), 13.74 (classified as maximum), and 174 mg GAE/g, respectively. TPC of the extract and phytosome was positively correlated with AA.

Comparison of Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Various Solvent Extracts Obtained from Millettia speciosa Stem Powder.

Millettia speciosa is a plant extensively used as an important component in Chinese herbal medicine and food-based medicines. The present study was carried out to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC), volatile phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities, i.e., antityrosinase, sunscreen, and anticancer activity, of different fractions of M. speciosa stem. Different organic solvents of increasing polarity, i.e., petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH), were used for extraction. The highest total flavonoid content, i.e., 48.30 ± 0.90%, was reported for PE extract. Various important phytocomponents were revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Based on abundance, the major compounds were n-hexadecanoic acid (16.654%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.808%), and beta-sitosterol (6.298%) for PE, EtOAc, and MeOH extract, respectively. The significant antityrosinase activity, i.e., 70.97 ± 0.66%, with an IC50 value of 4.58 mg/mL was noted for PE extract followed by EtOAc extract, i.e., 59.84 ± 0.67%, with IC50 value of 6.10 mg/mL. The maximum sunscreen activity was reported for PE extract exhibiting the maximum absorbance value (0.633 ± 0.06) in the ultraviolet (UV) region, i.e., UVC, while EtOAc extract showed the second highest level of absorbance in the UVB range, i.e., 0.632 ± 0.07. The strongest anticancer activity (49.73 ± 0.49% cell viability) towards MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was reported for PE extract with IC50 197.51 μg/mL. Our results confirmed the presence of potential therapeutic components for each extract with significant biological functions, showing the importance of the M. speciosa stem as a source of biomedicine. To our knowledge, this is the first report on M. speciosa stem extending comprehensive research about its phytochemical profile and various significant pharmacological activities.

FORMULASI KRIM EKSTRAK BIJI KUPA (Syzygium polycephalum) DAN PENENTUAN NILAI SPF (Sun Protection Factor) SECARA IN VITRO

The high intensity of ultraviolet rays and exposure to the sun too often can have harmful effects on the skin, so sunscreen can be used to prevent interference from UV rays. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of sunscreen and determine the SPF value of the extract and cream preparation of Kupa (Syzygium polycephalum) seeds. In this study, the seeds of Kupa fruit were extracted by the graded maceration method using 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. The ethyl acetate extract was formulated in the form of a cream dosage form with the added concentration of Kupa seed extract, namely 0.1% (F1), 0.2% (F2), and 0.5% (F3). Furthermore, the determination of the value of sunscreen on the extract and cream preparation using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and evaluation of the physical properties of the cream preparation include organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH tests, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity. The results showed that the SPF values ??of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts at a concentration of 200 ppm were 14.29; 19.32, and 14.02. While the SPF value of ethyl acetate extract cream preparations of Kupa fruit seeds F1, F2, and F3 respectively was 1.97; 2.96, and 4.96. Kupa seed extract has activity as a sunscreen with maximum and ultra protection levels. While the preparation of 0.5% ethyl acetate extract of Kupa seed had sunscreen activity with moderate protection. The physical properties of the cream preparations gave good results during the test.

In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Sunscreen Formulations Containing Nanolipid Carriers

Abstract: The majority of sunscreen cosmetics are emulsions or creams. However, formulations that use lipid nanoparticles as the delivery vehicle for sunscreen chemicals may offer benefits in terms of skin retention, enhancement of penetration through the epidermal layer, and Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and scattering. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been investigated to create sunscreen products with low or medium UV protection. SLN and NLC have a wide range of characteristics and have been proven to effectively control the entry of actives showing UV protection activity through the skin. They have no hazardous effects; therefore, they can be employed safely in dermatological and cosmetic preparations to obtain different traits. When utilized as vehicles for molecular sunscreens, lipid nanoparticles showed a synergistic impact of UV scattering. The ability to minimize the concentration of the molecular sunscreen, its potential adverse effects, and the expenses of formulating pricey sunscreens are all advantages derived from these studies. The review discusses some research on how lipid nanoparticles have been encapsulating sunscreen agents. Exposure to sunlight is a key element in the aetiology of the gradual undesired changes in the skin look and physiology caused by UV rays present in the sunshine; hence evaluating sunscreen activity is an essential aspect of the cosmetic business. The author will also address some of the in vitro and in vivo assessments of sunscreens.

Synthesis of PMCA (P-Methoxy Cinnamic Acid) using Perkin Reaction and Its Activity as Photo Protective and Antifungal Agent

<p class="Standard"><span>This study aimed to synthesize p-methoxy cinnamic acid through the Perkin reaction and to determine its activity as a photoprotective and antifungal agent against Candida albicans. The PMCA compound was synthesized by reacting p-methoxy benzaldehyde with acetic anhydride using a sodium acetate catalyst in a sonicator at 50oC for 60 minutes. The synthesized was a white precipitate with a % yield of 2.09% and a melting point of 172-175<sup>o</sup>C. ATR-FTIR identified this compound with several functional groups, C=O, OH carboxylic acid, para-substituted benzene, and C=C. Analysis by GC-MS showed a single peak at a retention time of 11.710 minutes with m/z 178. Characterization of this compound by 1H-NMR spectrometry showed several chemical shifts showing the presence of OH groups of carboxylic acids, C=C groups, aromatic benzene groups, and methoxy. The results of this characterization indicated that the synthesis product was PMCA. The antioxidant activity of PMCA using the DPPH radical gave IC50 at a concentration of 352.6138 ppm. In vitro sunscreen activity against PMCA compounds provided high protection at a concentration of 30 ppm with SPF 32,505. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans showed inhibition zones of 0.257cm± 0.044, 1.397cm± 0.093, and 1.533cm± 0.111, respectively at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The PMCA compounds can be synthesized through the Perkin reaction assisted by ultrasonic waves and can potentially be photoprotective and antifungal agents.</span></p>

Synthesis, Sunscreen, and Toxicity <i>In Vitro</i> Test of C-Styrylcalix[4]resorcinaryl Octacinnamate and C-Phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl Dodecacinnamate

The need for qualified sunscreen materials has increased from year to year. This prompt researchers to find new sunscreen ingredients that have good activity. In this study, new C-styrylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate 1 and C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl dodecacinnamate 2 have been synthesized via esterification reaction. The target molecules were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and LC-MS spectrometers. The sunscreen activity was evaluated using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and the cytotoxicity assay was tested on kidney Vero cells using the cell culture method. Compound 1 was obtained as light brown solid in 68% yield with the melting point of 247 °C. Compound 2 was obtained as light yellow solid in 69% yield with melting point of 268°C. The sunscreen test shows that 1 and 2 can absorb UV-B radiation with the SPF values of 67.45 and 70.85, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay shows that the IC50 values of 1, 2, and parasol are 1468.2, 676.1 and 758.7 μg/mL, respectively. Based on the sunscreen activity test and toxicity assay, it can be said that calix[4]resorcinarenes 1 and 2 have potential to be developed as sunscreen ingredients.

EVALUASI INVITRO AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN TABIR SURYA DARI EKSTRAK DAUN DAN AKAR TUMBUHAN Elephantopus mollis Kunth

Solar radiation in Indonesia is quite abundant because geographically it is located at equatorial latitudes, so people are vulnerable to feel the bad effects of solar radiation. Chemical components with antioxidant properties can also act as sunscreens to prevent the negative effects of solar radiation. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and sunscreen activity of the leaf and root extract of the Tutup Bumi ( Elephantopus mollis Kunth) plant. The antioxidant activity test was examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) while the sunscreen potency was determined by calculating the SPF value using the Mansur method spectrophotometrically. The results of the examination showed that the antioxidant activity was quite strong, namely the leaf extract with IC50 79.38 g/mL and root extract 78.38 g/mL. The SPF value of the leaf extract is better than that of the root extract, where at a concentration of 500 ppm, the leaf extract has an SPF of 7.661 in the Extra category while the root extract at the same concentration has an SPF value of 5.176 in the Medium category. Tutup Bumi leaf and root extracts have potential as antioxidants and sunscreens.