Sunscreen Activity Research Articles

Uji Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Secara In Vitro

ABSTRACT
 Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that is usually useful as a shade tree on the side of the road, which is thought to have the potential with sunscreen activity. This study aim to determine sunscreen activity of the bark based on %Te, %Tp and SPF values ??in vitro. The extraction was done by maceration using methanol solvent, and then phytochemical screening by color reaction test that showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and terpenoid. Sunscreen activity and SPF values ??were determined by measuring the absorbance of extracts with several variations of concentration, using spectrophotometer. The results showed the best concentration for the sunscreen category was 700 ppm. Based on the value of %Te and %Tp, including standard suntan and sunblock categories. While based on the SPF value >15 shows that methanol extract is included in the category of ultra protection.

SUNSCREEN LOTION OF MIANA LEAVES (COLEUS ATROPURPUREUS BENTH)

Sunscreen can protect the skin from the UV radiation. One of the plants that have the potential to be utilized as active ingredients of sunscreen lotion is miana leaves (Coleus atropurpureus Benth). Lotion made in 3 formulas F1, F2 and F3. Lotion tested its stability with a freeze-thaw method, and evaluated organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and scatterness and tested sunscreen activity of lotion preparation. The preparation shows good homogeneity, and has oleum rosae odor and a thick consistency with the lotion color is brown (F1), dark brown (F2) and slightly greenish brown (F3). Spreading, viscosity, and pH of the lotion meet the Indonesia Standart requirement. The lotion formula comes in the category of fast tanning (F2) and extra protection (F3) sunscreen.

A four-group experiment to improve Western high school students' sun protection behaviors.

Multicomponent skin cancer preventive interventions for adolescents that aim to decrease ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and sunburns are particularly needed given their intentional tanning and infrequent use of sun protection. The purpose of this study was to conduct an early-phase study within the Multiphase Optimization Strategy framework that experimentally tested four unique intervention components targeting high school students' skin cancer prevention behaviors. Schools (11 total, N = 1,573 students) were assigned to receive one of four interventions: skin cancer education (control), education plus a sunscreen activity (to illustrate sunscreen's UVR-blocking properties), or behavior change worksheet (sun protection goal setting and planning) or receipt of a personalized UV damage photograph (photograph of facial damage). Sun protection, sunburn, and tanning outcomes were assessed before intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Within- and between-intervention changes in outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equation modeling. All interventions were associated with significant improvements in sun protection. The photograph was superior in controlling intentional tanning and sunburn when compared to the behavior change worksheet (ps < .05). In contrast, the worksheet was associated with greater increases in sun protection use when compared with the photograph (ps < .05). In this experiment testing four skin cancer preventive intervention components that varied in approach, content, and interactivity, the behavior change worksheet was superior in improving sun protection use whereas the UV photograph was superior in controlling intentional tanning and sunburn. Future randomized trials to test combinations of these intervention components are needed, and could identify mechanisms underlying improved effects and demographic or behavioral moderators of intervention effects.

UJI AKTIFITAS TABIR SURYA NANO-TITANIUM OKSIDA UNTUK MENDUKUNG FORMULA KOSMETIK ANTIAGING KHUSUS MENGHAMBAT PENUAAN AKIBAT SINAR MATAHARI

Aging one of problems in social healthy especially in cosmetics community. UV-protection material was important because photo-aging give dominant effect at aging process. The development anti-aging material need exploration sunscreen material too. Utilization of Titanium Oxide in cosmetic formulation have been done. In this research Titanium Oxide was develop to form Nano-Titanium Oxide. It was important to get data that Nano-Titanium Oxide still have sunscreen activity. Spot, wrinkle and decrease of skin moisture were fast condition of aging if face skin get so many sun light especially UV-light with strong energy. In this research used nanomaterial of Titanium Oxide because nanomaterial give so many advantages. The method that used was measure UV absorption this material with UV-visible spectrophotometer instrument. The result of nanomaterial Titanium Oxide that still had sunscreen activity than support anti-aging in cosmetics formulation especially inhibit photo-aging. The impact of this research was the potential using of nanomaterial Titanium Oxide increase as anti-aging material that low level of cost in the future.

Introducing Toxicology into the Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Using Safety Data Sheets and Sunscreen Activities

Toxicology and green chemistry have been adopted in research throughout academia, industry, and government. While significant progress has been made to explain how chemicals impact human health and the environment, there is still a lack of proper training to incorporate these concepts into the curriculum to prepare the next generation of scientists for interdisciplinary careers. The Molecular Design Research Network (MoDRN) has developed and class-tested activities that allow integration of green chemistry and toxicology concepts into an undergraduate or high school curriculum. These activities challenge students to think about Safety Data Sheets and the toxicological and environmental impacts of sunscreen products while meeting American Chemical Society’s Standards and Guidelines for curriculum development in the areas of Safety, Health, and Laboratory Experience. Survey data from class testing the Biology of Sunscreen Module found that 97% of students said the laboratory experiment positively impacted t...

SUNSCREEN ACTIVITY OF SUGAR PALM (ARENGA PINNATA (WURMB) MERR.) LEAF STALK ASHES EXTRACT

Sugar palm leaf stalk (petioles) ashes traditionally used as a daily cosmetic by Sundanese women to keep their skin smooth. Sugar palm leaf stalk ashes also used to treat acne, smallpox, and burns. The study was aimed to test the sunscreen activity of ashes extracts from sugar palm leaf stalk. The ashes were extracted using soxhlet and 96% ethanol as solvent. The sunscreen activity test was performed on the extract using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value was done at 290-320 nm (UV-B wavelength) with 5 nm interval. The ashes extract of sugar palm leaf stalk showed the effectiveness of sunscreen activity at 10,000 ppm (SPF value = 9) as maximum protection. The SPF value was determined using Mansur mathematical equation. The determination of pigmentation transmittant was done at 322.5 – 372.5 nm, with 2.5 nm interval. Based on the result of pigmentation transmittance percentages, the sunscreen profile of sugar palm leaf stalk ashes extract (2000-10.000 ppm) showed the category of extra protection up to sunblock, according to classification from Balsam &amp; Sagarin (1972). To be concluded, the ashes extract of sugar palm leaf stalk was a potential sunscreen. Further in vivo analysis should be done to confirm this potency.

Green Synthesis Nanopartikel Perak (Agnps) Terkonjugasi Etil Parametoksi Sinamat (Epms) sebagai Bahan Tabir Surya

Green Synthesis is a method to make silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing natural materials as bioreductors. One of the natural materials that can reduce metal ions is Kaempferia galanga rhizome because it has a chemical component that can penetrate the metal. The compounds are ethyl paramethoxycinnamate (EPMC) which is used as sunscreen. This study aims to produce AgNPs conjugated with EPMC that can be used as raw material sunscreen. This study was conducted by extracting EPMS from the Kaempferia galanga rhizome and synthesizing the AgNPs conjugated with EPMC. The synthesis results were characterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, PSA and sunscreen activity. Extracted result was obtained crystalline is ethyl paramethoxycinnamate compound with yield 2,3%. The characterization of EPMC with UV-Vis spectrophotometer was obtained maximum wavelength of 308 nm and FTIR analysis result at wave number 1701,27 cm-1 indicated the presence of carbonyl group (C = O) and 1165,97 cm-1 presence of C-O and showed specific characteristic from EPMS. Characterization of AgNPs using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer was obtained maximum wavelength of 469 nm. Characterization of AgNPs using SEM are spherical and monodispers forms. Then, particle size using PSA obtained an average diameter of 182 nm. AgNPs conjugated with EPMS has a sunscreen activity with sunblock category and successfully provide protection against UV exposure at low concentration (200 ppm) categorized as ultra protection with SPF value 36,4.

In-vitro and in-vivo Sunscreen Activity of Active Compounds Isolated from Fruits of Phaleria marcocarpha (Scheff.) Boerl

: Objective: Mahkota dewa fruits (Phaleria marcocarpha (Scheff.) Boerl) have been found to contain benzophenone and xanthone derivatives which have a protective effect against ultraviolet light. This study was aimed to evaluate the sunscreen activities of mahkoside A, mangiferin and 6, 4-dihydroxy- 4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6, 4-DHMP) isolated from Mahkota dewa fruits in-vitro and in-vivo. Methods: In-vitro sunscreen activity was evaluated using spectrophotometric method by measuring percentage transmission of erythema, percentage transmission of pigmentation and sun protection factor (SPF). The sunscreen activity assays in-vivo was conducted by observing the effect of erythema in rats after exposed to an exotera lamp for 24 h. Results: In-vitro assays showed that mahkoside A, mangiferin and 6, 4-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-2-O-β-Dglucopyranoside at a concentration of 100 ppm had SPF value of 3.44, 2.82 and 3.08 respectively. In-vivo test results showed that mangiferin at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, and 50% decreased the amount of erythema and erythema diameter significantly different than negative control (p Conclusion: Mahkoside A, mangiferin and 6, 4-DHMP possessed sunscreen activity in-vitro and in-vivo.Key words: Mahkoside A, Mangiferin, 6, 4-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone- 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, Phaleria marcocarpha, SPF, Erythema.

EVALUATION OF PULP OIL FROM Persea americana (avocado fruit) in pharmaceutical cream formulation

The cosmetic properties of pulp oil extracted from Persea americana was compared with olive oil after the extraction of oil from Persea americana pulp by cold pressed chemical method using acetone. The percentage oil content from the pulp was 12%w/w. Physiochemical, proximate and elemental analyses were carried out on the extracted oil. Which was characterized based on pH, conductivity, specific gravity and refractive index and both oils analyzed for anti- microbial activities adopting the well diffusion method and using staphloccocus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa as micro -organisms. The avocado pulp oil showed zone of inhibition of 1.3-1.7mm against staphylococcus aureus but no activity against gram negative pseudomonas aeruginosa while olive oil did not show any activity against both organisms. Creams formulations were carried out using the extracted avocado pulp oil, mixture of extracted avocado oil and olive oil and evaluated for pH, density, viscosity, sunscreen activity, conductivity,centrifugation and alkali test.

In vitro sunscreen activity of Methanolic root extract of a Sri Lankan grass Heteropogon contortus

<i>In vitro</i> sunscreen activity of Methanolic root extract of a Sri Lankan grass <i>Heteropogon contortus</i>

Synthesis and &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Evaluation of C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate and C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octabenzoate as the Sunscreen

The present study was aimed to synthesize and evaluate sunscreen activity of C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate and C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octabenzoate. The target compounds were synthesized in 2 steps. They were a synthesis of C-methylcalix[4]-resorcinarene via acid catalyzed the condensation of resorcinol and acetaldehyde by using HCl catalyst, followed by esterification using cinnamoyl chloride and benzoyl chloride. The characterization of the target compounds was performed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectrometers. The sunscreen activity test was conducted by spectroscopic method and MTT-assay. Commercial sunscreen p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) was used as a comparator to the MTT assay. The sunscreen activity test used spectroscopic showed that C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate and C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octabenzoate can absorb the ultraviolet radiation between 280 and 320 nm (UV-B) with the maximum absorption at 290 nm (ε = 31.535 M-1 cm-1) and 282 nm (ε = 42.217 M-1 cm-1), respectively. The results of MTT-assay indicated that the IC50 of C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate, C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octabenzoate and PABA are 12.006, 20.568 and 12.564 ppm, respectively, it means that the order of sunscreen activity is C-methylcalix-[4]resorcinaryl octacinnamate, PABA and C-methylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octabenzoate.

Uji Aktivitas Antiaging Invitro Lavender Body Butter

Abstract : Lavender, Body Butter, Antiaging. Antiaging product must contain antioxidant and sunscreens compound to protect skin from free radical. Lavender oilwas a popular parfume of cosmetic form because of its antioxidant dan sunscreen activity. Body butter form was needed to increase antiaging activity of lavender oil. The study aimed to evaluate antiaging activity of lavender body butter trough antioxidant and sunscreen activity evaluation. Body butter was made from combination of lavender oil, olive oil, coconut oil beside cocoa butter. DPPH method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity, sunscreen activity was evaluated of the Sun Protection Factor value (SPF), the percentage of erythema transmission (%Te) and percentage of pigmentation (% Tp). The study showed that the body butter formula had IC50 of 56,34 ppm, 6,68 of %Te, 16,34 of %Tp and the SPF value was 10,88. The formula can increase lavender oil’s antioxidant and sunscreen activity and it was need the addition of chemical sunscreen compound such as Zinci Oxyde or Titanium Oxyde. It can concluded body butter had strong antioxidant activity. It can protect the skin to againt UVA ray but less protect from UVB and UVC rays.

Design of novel starch-based Pickering emulsions as platforms for skin photoprotection

Green coffee oil and modified starch were recently found to have an enhanced protection effect against UV radiation. Therefore, this work aimed to develop an innovative sunscreen formulation based on Pickering emulsions concept, i.e., surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by physical UV filters associated natural oils as a key strategy for prevention against UV-induced skin damage.The Pickering emulsions of different compositions were characterized in terms of pH, mechanical, physical and microbiological stability by a thorough pharmaceutical control. In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) as well as the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the final formulations, including Episkin®, HRIPT and sunscreen water resistance.Formulation studies demonstrated the addition of physical UV filters was beneficial, leading to the inclusion of ZnO and TiO2 to ensure a high SPF against UVA and UVB, respectively. Although starch particles presented no intrinsic photoprotection properties, they proved to be a SPF promoter by a synergistic effect. Green coffee oil was the selected natural oil due to the highest SPF, when compared to other natural oils tested. Besides the excellent sunscreen activity confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results, the final formulations proved to be also suitable for topical use according to the rheological assessment and stability throughout the study period (3months).In conclusion, the combination of three multifunctional solid particles and green coffee oil, contributed to achieve a stable and effective innovative sunscreen with a wide range of UV radiation protection.

Development of Broad-Spectrum Natural Sunscreens using Combinations of five Plant Species

Introduction: Cancer is a range of multifactorial diseases which have in common uncontrolled increase in the number of cells invading various tissues and organs. One of its leading etiological agents is sun exposure, and therefore the use of sunscreens plays an important role in cancer prevention. Objective : In this context, the aim of this study was to verify whether the selected naturally-derived raw materials (Oli-ola dry extract, Hibiscus dry extract, Raspberry ketones, Leucoanthocyanidins isolated from grapes and Resveratrol) present adequate photoprotective properties for the development of an innovative broad-spectrum sunscreen. Methods: The determination of sunscreen activity was made in vitro , and the following parameters were obtained: Sun Protection Factor (SPF), UVA Protection Factor (UVAPF), Critical Wavelength and Boots Star Rating. Results: Innovative products showed varied results (maximum SPF=46; maximum UVAPF=22), being that all of them showed to be promising for both parameters. However, the greatest protection was shown in the UVB region. Conclusion: Thus, the Oli-Ola, Hibiscus, Leucoanthocyanidins, Raspberry Ketones and Resveratrol species, grouped in a cosmetic base lotion, showed potential for the development of innovative sunscreen products. Additionally, the SPF should be confirmed in vivo . Key words: Photoprotection, Natural sunscreens, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Broad spectrum.

The green generation of sunscreens: Using coffee industrial sub-products

Spent coffee grounds and green coffee defective beans, which are industrial sub-products of coffee processing, have a potential use for cosmetic applications, due to their safety and high content in lipids that present interesting physicochemical properties. Sunscreen formulations in the form of water-in-oil emulsions might be a suitable application for these sub-products because providing a higher sun protection factor (SPF) for the same concentration of sunscreen activities than oil-in-water emulsions.The purpose of this work was to assess the biological effects of using the oil fraction of spent coffee grounds extracted with supercritical CO2 and green coffee oil in the development of new generation of sunscreens with improved sun protection performance. The oil fractions were used to prepare w/o sunscreens involving a cold emulsification process, with purified water as disperse aqueous phase and TiO2 and ZnO particles as stabilizers. The sunscreens were characterized in terms of mechanical, rheological and skin adhesion properties. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the formulations were evaluated, including safety and sunscreen water resistance tests.The use of two types of solid particles proved to be useful in the developed formulations, ensuring a high SPF with UVB/A protection, conferred by TiO2 and ZnO, respectively. Moreover, the emulsion containing 35% w/w of the spent coffee grounds oil fraction presented promising characteristics in the improvement of water performance with a broad spectrum sun protection when compared to an emulsion containing 35% w/w of green coffee oil which improved the SPF in physical sunscreens. The formulations are industrial-scalable and suitable for topical use according to the rheological, mechanical and safety assessment.The use of spent coffee oil in cosmetic industry seems to be a suitable approach for the valorisation of waste from the coffee industry and presents promising characteristics in the improvement of sunscreen performance.

UJI AKTIVITAS TABIR SURYA PADA BEBERAPA SPESIES DARI FAMILY ZINGIBERACEAE DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI

Testing activity sun screen of several species from family Zingiberaceae with a spectrophotometric method have been. Study purpose is to obtain data on the sunscreen activity of ginger extract Z. officinale var. Officinale, Z. officinale var. Rubrum and Zingiber zerumbet SM and their combination with the parameters of % transmission of erythema, % transmission of pigmentation and SPF. The method used an experimental laboratory. Evaluation of the activity of ethanol extract of Z. officinale var. Officinale, Z. officinale var. Rubrum and Zingiber zerumbet SM made by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The test is based on the ability of the absorb the rays ultraviolet. Research carried out by the respective concentrations of ethanol extract of Z. officinale var. Officinale, Z. officinale var. Rubrum and Zingiber zerumbet SM of 200 ppm , 400 ppm , 600 ppm, 800 ppm and 1000 ppm. Based on percent transmission of erythema and percent transmission of pigmentation at a concentration of 1000 ppm, respectively ethanol extract Z. officinale var. Officinale, Z. officinale var . Rubrum and Zingiber zerumbet SM could be used as a sunscreen but still weak to be used as sunscreen ingredients. The result showed that combined Z. officinale var. Officinale, Z. officinale var. Rubrum and Zingiber zerumbet SM at a concentration of 500 ppm obtained percentage value of 1% transmission of erythema and 3,9% of pigmentatied transmission and categories as sunblock with SPF value is 50 protection.

THE EVALUATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN QUENCHING AND SUNSCREEN ACTIVITY OF CORN COB EXTRACT

The corn cob waste has been reported to have antioxidant activity. Active compound such as antioxidant has been considered as potential sunscreen resources. The objectives of this research were to determine singlet oxygen quenching and sunscreen activity of corn cob. Corn cob was extracted using ethanol 20, 40, 60 and 80% by reflux for 2h at 78oC. The singlet oxygen quenching activity was evaluated by photooxidation of linoleic acid. Singlet oxygen quenching activity was conducted using linoleic acid as substrate containing erythrosine as a sensitizer and exposed under continuous illumination (4000 lux) with the fluorescent light for up to 5h. The sunscreen activity was evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) using spectrophotometry UV-Vis. Ethanol extract 80% (E80) shows the highest total phenolic content followed with E60, E40 and E20. The result shows that the lowest singlet oxygen quenching activity was E20 (15.63%), and the highest was E80 by 65.63% percentage of inhibition. SPF value of E20, E40, E60, and E80 at concentration 200μg/mL were 7.52; 12.24; 15.81 and 17.78, respectively. SPF value increase with the increasing of concentration, total phenolic content and singlet oxygen quenching activity. The conclusion of this research was corn cob extract possess phytochemical compound having potency as singlet oxygen quencher and sunscreen active compound. Keywords: corn cob, phenolic phytochemical, singlet oxygen quenching, sunscreens

Assessment of In Vitro Sun Protection Factor of Calendula Officinalis L. (Asteraceae) Essential Oil Formulation

The present study was undertaken to study the sunscreen activity of herbal formulation. There is no evidence of the sun protection factor (SPF) studies on essential oil of Calendula flowers (Calendula officinalis L., Asteraceae). The study investigates the in vitro SPF by ultraviolet specrtophotometry method of Calendula flower oil in a cream formulation. Calendula oil was isolated by Clavenger's apparatus, compositions were identified by GC–MS and the cream of calendula flower oil was prepared by homogenization method followed by evaluation for physical parameters. The sun protection factor of cream was evaluated by in vitro method employing UV–visible spectrophotometer (Shimazdu-1600). The SPF of Calendula oil in cream formulation exhibited good activity (SPF = 14.84 ± 0.16). Finding of this study suggested that calendula oil cream can be used to protect the skin from UV radiations in form of sunscreen cream and to maintain the natural pigmentation of the skin.

FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF O/W SUNSCREEN CREAM CONTAINING HERBAL OIL AS DISPERSED PHASE

Free radical scavenging activity of O/W sunscreen cream using calendula oil was measured using DPPH method, Nitric oxide method and H2O2 assay method. For this, Flowers of calendula were collected for oil extraction. Calendula oil in concentration ranging 1-5% was used as dispersed phase in O/W sunscreen cream. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated for equally diluted samples and the activity was found in concentration dependent manner by all three adopted methods. The sunscreen activities of cream formulations may be related to the free radical scavenging properties of flavonoid compounds in the oil phase incorporated in it. Calendula oil is one of the well-known drugs for its therapeutic potential in traditional system of medicine. In the present study, the O/W cream was screened for its free radical scavenging activity. All the formulations especially F5 showed good anti-oxidant activity. The comparisons were made with marketed formulation FS. The IC50 value by DPPH methods for diluted cream samples was 0.24±0.02 whereas by NO method, it was 0.38±0.014. When measured by H2O2 method, it was found to be 0.45 ± 0.03. All the formulations were stable and it was concluded that calendula oil sunscreen cream diluted formulation F55 is very pronounced antioxidant activity.

Development of a new in vitro method to evaluate the photoprotective sunscreen activity of plant extracts against high UV-B radiation

Sunscreen efficiency of biomolecules against UV-B radiation was generally determined in vitro by cosmetic methods which are not well-adapted for routine ecophysiological and bio-guidance studies in plant research laboratories. In this article, we propose a new in vitro method to evaluate the sunscreen photoprotective activity of plant extracts against high UV-B radiation. Because photosynthetic pigments are one of the first targets of UV-B radiation in plants, the experimental design is based on the ability of the tested substances to limit the degradation of sodium magnesium chlorophyllin (SMC), a derivative compound of natural chlorophyll. SMC photodegradation comparatively to natural chlorophyll and related to temperature, concentration and sample solvent were analyzed in order to optimize the experimental parameters. Then, the method was validated by testing nine standard UV filters used in the European cosmetic industry and by comparing results of their activity with those of a reference in vitro procedure. Finally, the method was applied to coastal and marine crude plant extracts. Results have shown that our procedure can be a good alternative to cosmetic methods with a rapid, sensitive and reproducible evaluation of the sunscreen activity of either pure standards or crude plant extracts in small amounts (30mg).